The mtDNA ND5 genes (316 bp) were sequenced from 9 individuals of Panthera pardus from Shanxi, China, combined with 37 sequences from GenBank, and two outgroup species (Panthera leo and Panthera tigris). Eighteen haplotypes from 46 individuals of mtDNA ND5 gene of P. pardus were examined. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity indicated that the genetic diversity of P. pardus is very high. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that significant differentiation among the P. pardus populations. However, the phylogenetic tree showed that the P. pardu population from African and Asia form two groups but with low boot-strap value.

In order to study the sistution that Saccharomyces cerevisiae uptake the external sources of chloroplast,through PEG-induced cell protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in vitro uptake of spinach chloroplasts,and then use optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy to observe the fusion of chloroplast and yeast,there may be some cells fusioning.At the same time the shape of certain fusion cells may change.By extracting the cells in spinach chloroplasts,induced protoplast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on the uptaked chloroplast.In the fluorescence microscope observation,since the chloroplast in the Blu-ray excitation can spontaneous emits red fluorescence,while yeast cells in Centre acridine orange staining conditions and in the Blu-ray emit significant green color,from which can we judge whether the cells have fusioned.

The mangrove is very important in the swampy ecosystems.The ecosystems were disturbed by human being's activi- ties such as convertible exploitation oftbe area in some provinces in southern China where the distribution of the mangrove have de- creased sharply.This paper was to explore the impact of Mikania micrantha invasion on the mangrove wetlands according to the study on Qi'ao Island.The results showed that Mikania micrantha could restrain the development of the main species in mangrove and the number of Mikania micrantha decreased largely by environment and Human impacts.It was suggested that both natural conditions and anthropo- logical factors could play important roles in influence the distribution of Mikania micrantha in mangrove wetlands.These findings could help to understand ecosystem invasion and predict plant invasions on a regional scale,and had important implications for the manage- ment of invasive species.Some proposals should put forward to protect the sustainable development of the mangrove wetlands.