某翅片式空冷器管束在投入使用前进行气密性试验时发生泄漏.通过宏观检验、力学性能测试、金相分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析及数值计算等方法,研究了该空冷器管束鼓胀开裂的原因.结果 表明:该翅片式空冷器基管中存在残留水,在低温下水结成冰造成较大体积膨胀,对基管产生径向冰胀力,从而导致基管发生鼓胀并萌生裂纹,最终在气密性试验时发生开裂.

多年来,针对企业社会责任(简称CSR)报告披露的核心意义,国内外学者的讨论层出不穷,要进行相应制度建设,就要理清企业披露CSR报告的动机.文章首先对国际六大会计学术期刊上发表的社会责任相关文献进行了分类汇总,在此基础上,深入分析了我国煤炭开采业与货币金融服务业A股上市公司2017年和2018年发布的CSR报告内容特征与利益相关者的偏向性程度.研究表明,我国上市公司披露CSR报告时会根据其行业特性、业务特性、公司发展目标等进行不同利益相关者需求的偏向性选择.结合国内外研究结果,企业披露CSR报告的核心为利益相关者诉求,同时能带来正向环境社会影响.企业、政府与社会要沿着利益相关这一思路进行社会责任制度建设,最终形成企业有序、监管有制、良性发展的灵活型社会责任制度.

如何通过开发人力资源来提升企业创新效率是当今企业管理理论与实践共同的关注点,对于多从事高科技业务的创业板企业更是如此.文章以2011-2018年我国创业板实行股权激励的公司为研究样本,分析股权激励对企业创新产出的促进作用.研究发现,创业板企业中,核心员工股权激励比高管股权激励对创新产出的促进作用更为显著,核心员工在企业创新活动中的重要作用不容忽视.进一步研究发现,核心员工股票期权激励比限制性股票激励对创新产出的促进作用更为显著.研究结论可以提高企业股权激励计划设计的合理性和科学性,同时为推动股权激励制度完善及股权激励的实践提供理论依据与政策参考.

对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)采用不同的注塑成型工艺进行注塑,研究了注射速度,注射压力和保压压力对ABS树艏冲击强度、冲击样条缩痕深度和样品质量的影响.结果表明:提高注射速度,注射压力均使样品的冲击强度降低,质量提高,冲击样条缩痕减小.注射速度比注射压力对产品的性能影响大,调整参数时应优先考虑注射速度.在50～70 MPa的保压压力范围内,保压压力对ABS树腑的冲击性能影响较小.

Compared with mechanical well killing technologies,the fluid based well killing technology is more advantageous with a simple process,high safety and controllable costs so it has gradually become a common well killing technology for the workover of gas wells.So far,however,its construction technologies have not been researched systematically.In this paper,a technical idea of well killing and workover operation without pressure release based on the fuzzy-ball fluid piston technology was proposed after the research results of well killing technologies used in domestic workover operation were analyzed and summarized.Then,a series of studies were conducted from the aspects of dosage calculation,pumping mode selection,pumping process design and flowback pattern selection of fuzzy-ball fluid in gas wells.Finally,comparative analysis was carried out based on field application.And the following research results were obtained.First,calculate the height of fuzzy-ball fluid piston and its viscosity at a low shear rate based on the internal structure force required to balance the maximum buoyancy of the bubble in the wellbore,and accordingly determine the properties of the fluid that is prepared on site.Second,calculate the volume of fuzzy-ball fluid to keep the hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore according to the demand for formation pressure balance,with an additional pressure value of 3-5 MPa for safety.Third,pump the water pad fluid with a liquid column height of 500 m,improve the pumping efficiency by wetting siring and borehole wall,and increase the flowback efficiency through the formation of a slurry mixture section of low-viscosity and low internal structure force with the fuzzy-ball fluid.Fourth,select the pumping mode of positive/reverse circulation according to the connection state and resistance to pressure of strings.Fifth,after the workover,select direct gas lift or gel-breaking gas lift for production recovery according to the depletion degree of formation energy in a gas well.This technological process was practically applied to three gas wells in NW and SW China.Among them,two wells recover to the previous production rate after continuous gas lift for 2-3 days.It is concluded that this technology can well solve the problems in the process of conventional pressure release,such as poor safety and productivity waste,and shorten the operation cycle of gas well killing.

Understanding the development situation of cracks plays an important role in exploration of Carboniferous buried volcanic reservoirs of the Shixi Oilfield. The characteristics and distribution of these cracks were studied by using data of regional geology, cores, conventional logging, imaging log-ging and production dynamic conditions. The results show that the cracks can be classified into tectonic, weathered, dissolution, and shrinkage types, of which the tectonic and weathered fissures are dominant. Overall the cracks are of medium size, big width, small density and large spacing. According to the imaging logging interpretation and tectonic analysis, the cracks are divided into four periods of generation, of which the main periods are the middle and late Hercynian movement. They are mainly controlled by the lithology, lithofacies, structural location and palaeogeomorphology. Vertically, the cracks are mainly distributed in the 25~150 m range below the top Carboniferous System. On the plane, they are mostly concentrated near fault zones, high position of buried hills and long axes of anticlines.

So far,there has been no mature experience at home and abroad that can be used as reference for the rebuilding of underground gas storages (UGS) from acid gas reservoirs.Therefore,the research on the variation law of acid gas in the process of UGS injection and production is of great significance to guiding the production and operation of UGS of the same type.In this paper,Shaan 224 UGS in the Ordos Basin was taken as an example.The origin of acid gas in this block was described briefly.The compositional model of acid gas was established to predict the variation law of acid gas in the process of gas injection and production.And the composition prediction results were verified by performing an injection-production test in vertical wells and horizontal wells.Based on the analysis and simulation,the following results were obtained.First,by virtue of the injection-production test in vertical and horizontal wells,the changing trend of acid gas content predicted in the compositional model is verified,and the acid gas in the target block is cleaned,so the acid gas content of this block drops and the acid gas content of the gas produced in the subsequent injection-production cycles will be lower and lower and ultimately reach the national standard of Class 2 commercial gas.Second,in one cycle,the acid gas content is lower in the initial stage and then increases with the increase of gas production.Third,the acid gas content drops more in the first injection-production cycle and there is a period of safe production in the initial stage of each injection-production cycle.And fourth,the difference between gas injection rate and gas production rate leads to an unbalanced distribution of acid gas.The acid gas content of produced gas is lower in the areas with higher gas injection and higher in the areas with lower gas injection.

受复杂的地质情况、工程施工质量及压缩机组自重的影响,压缩机组在安装完成后及运行过程中可能产生基础纵向沉降或明显的不均匀沉降.以长庆油田某集注站三台电驱往复式压缩机组沉降监测为例,介绍了沉降的监测方法,并通过对监测数据的分析来预测地基变形.经全年沉降观测,测得该集注站压缩机基础全年最大沉降值为0.58 mm,最大沉降速率为0.007 mm/d,均小于规范允许值.且经过一年的运行,沉降速率放缓,表明基础沉降已趋于稳定,不会对生产运行产生不利影响.

针对长庆储气库固井存在地层压力系数低、易垮易漏及固井时不易压稳、易发生窜流等复杂问题，通过引入特殊不规则棱形加重材料DRW‐2S和高效冲洗剂DRY‐100L而研究出具有冲洗／隔离一体化的、稳定性强和流变性好的DY高效冲洗隔离液体系。室内研究表明，该体系适用温度可达150℃以上，稳定性好，高温沉降稳定性不大于0 g＼.03g／cm3；对钻井液冲洗效率达到100％，界面胶结强度明显提高，且与钻井液、水泥浆具有良好的相容性；通过调整加重剂加量可配制密度在1.05～22.40g／cm3范围内任意可调的高效冲洗隔离液，可实现高效冲洗、顶替和平衡压力固井的目的。该体系在长庆储气库固井中已成功应用了3井次，固井质量优质，在长庆储气库固井中具有很好的推广应用价值。

为控制采用L80/L80-13Cr材质的环空腐蚀问题,研究了具有高缓蚀率、稳定性好、密度可控的水基环空保护液配方,通过长期的电化学性能测试,胶筒老化测试和现场2口井的试验验证了保护液效果优良,缓蚀率达到91％以上.

利用衰竭气藏建设地下储气库具有储存量大、经济合理、安全系数大等优点。长庆油田计划在榆林气田南区X气藏和靖边气田陕Y气藏建设地下储气库先导试验区。由于储气库必须具备战略应急和高峰供气的能力,其气井和地面配套工艺需实现"快进快出、生产调峰能力大",因此地面配套工艺设计大型注气压缩机和高压力等级管网,注采井采用水平井建设。目前在长庆建设储气库尚属首次,如何对储气库合理配注没有成熟经验可参考,合理注气压力的确定是保障储气库正常生产、安全平稳运行的前提条件。本文通过已知地层的破裂压力,利用气藏工程方法对注气系统压力节点分析,结合注气压缩机能力,反推注气井口压力,综合考虑地面配套设备及管网设计能力及储气库设计压力运行范围,提出长庆储气库合理的注气压力,指导储气库先导试验区的注采试验。

燃气企业是我国非常重要的服务型企业之一,它关系到全国人民的生产生活.随着市场竞争的逐渐加剧,燃气企业所面临的竞争压力也在逐步提升.因此,对燃气企业来说,对企业成本进行有效的管理与控制是十分必要的.本文中主要分析了我国燃气企业中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决措施,以便提高燃气企业的经济效益,从而为人民群众提供更优质的服务.

随着我国税收制度的不断完善,纳税人权利保护问题也受到社会广泛关注。本文从公共经济学视角出发,对我国纳税人权利保护存在问题进行简要分析,并探讨完善纳税人权利保护体系的对策。

Jingbian gas wells generally show its "three low" characteristic, low permeability, low pressure and low yield.With the production of gas to some degree, it will output forma- tion water. Because the lower of the pressure and lower yield of the gas in the gas wells, leading to the decrease of ability to bring the liquid, which coursed gas well can't achieve the produce with self-spread produce.And also affect the late procedure of foam drainage gas.Jingbian gas wells generally contain corrosive gases such as H~S and C02, it will long- term effect the effective implementation of mechanical dewatering technique.So depend on the technique of jingbian gas wells foram drainage gas application and its own production, we carried out a process test on prizing compressor gas lift with foam drainage gas.The re- sults show that this drainage gas technique highly increased the water flooded wells to re- sume production and water wells continuous help drainage. This experiment successfully ex- plore a new drainage gas technique in low pressure and low yield environment.

Generally,there are corrosive H2S and CO2 in gas wells of Jingbian gasfield.Therefore,drainage gas recovery by mechanical gas lifting cannot effective for a long time.According to the application of foam drainage gas recovery and the actual production,an experiment of foam drainage gas recovery assisted by skidded compressor gas lifting is carried out.Results show that this technology is effective for restoring production of watered-out gas well and continuous drainage of water production well.It is a new drainage gas recovery technology for production of watered-out wells with low pressure and low yield and some wells with weak flowing water.

Jingbian gas plant which in the middle of Ordos Basin,is developing natural gas under the ancient main floor Majiagou ordovician carbonate reservoir,The gas reservoir is permeability,low abundance of dry gas reservoir,little boundless and bottom water,there are some relatively water-rich areas in the local field.There have been found 7 water-rich areas and 61 production water single wells.With the formation pressure reducing,lower liquid carrying capacity of gas wells,or even appearing wellbore fluid which caused no well production, all of the above seriously affected the efficient development of gas wells producing water.Combined the characteristics of Jingbian gas plant development techniques,we carried out gas lift drainage technology research,initially formed 6 gas lift drainage matching technologies which suit gas wells producing water in Jingbian gas plant.Through field applications in recent years,these 6 gas lift drainage matching technologies have been proved that are economical,reliable,efficient,and have becomed the main technical means in developing gas wells producing water of Jingbian gas plant,will be a model of developing wells producing water to the same gas reservoir.

Based on the brief introduction of conjugate heat transfer,the coupling characteristic of heat pipe heat exchanger(HPHE) was mentioned.According to the heat transfer characteristics and the energy conservation between condensation section and evaporation section,the two solution processes of these two parts in HPHE can be got separately by taking the vapor temperature inside the heat pipe as an independent variable.The coupled source model was used to solve the heat transfer of HPHE at the first time by introducing a source term.And then the temperature fields of heat pipe and fluid zones were got by using the coupling relation on the boundary.The coupled source model was numerically simulated by FLUNT.The numerical simulation which was analyzed from the view of field synergy principle indicates that the performance of HPHE can be analyzed with by the coupled source model effectively.

This article in research related hydrate inhibitor technology,develop a non-toxic new hydrate,prevention and control of applied research and field trials,and obtained the degree of understanding and preliminary results.

With the continued development of Jingbian gasfield,reservoir pressure gradually decreases.In the workover process of low-pressure gas well,a large number of kill fluids leak into the formation,which can cause formation damage and result that the crud and sand cannot be washed effectively due to well washing circulation cannot be set up, affecting the normal production of gas wells.This paper takes the in-depth analysis of the technical difficulties existed in low pressure gas wells washing of Jingbian gas field,optimizing the Nitrogen foam sand-washing well technology through laboratory experiment and carrying out field application test.The results show that nitrogen foam sand-washing well technology can effectively reduce the leakage of flushing fluids,reduce formation damage and improve the sand carrying property,ensuring the rapid recovery of low-pressure gas well production.

To solve the problems such as acid maldistribution,incomplete reservoir stimulation,a big risk of downhole stuck of coiled tubes and difficult drainage during the development of the horizontal wells in Jingbian gas fields,we carried out a study on the new technologies of the horizontal well testing by use of literature search,theoretical calculation,and field tests.Then,a series of proper stimulation technologies were adopted to the horizontal wells in Jingbian gas fields.(1)The technology of deep acid-fracturing treatment by evenly distributed acid while drawing coiled tubes achieved acid uniform distribution at the horizontal part and guaranteed that the gas producing formation was efficiently stimulated.(2)The structure of the operating tool string of coiled tubes was optimized,which eliminated the risk of tight pull and casing sticking.(3)The techniques on nitrogen gas generation system and coiled tube unloading were innovated,which achieved fast unloading for the horizontal wells and promoted the well to be put into operation in time.All the above technologies will provide robust technical support for the scale development of the horizontal wells in Jingbian gas fields.The results of field application show that the new techniques for well testing are with strong flexibility for Jingbian gas fields,which can be promoted in use.