Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR), a traditional edible and medicinal herb widely consumed in Asian cuisines, presents an important but understudied food safety concern due to its allergenic potential. This study bridges the gap between food science and health impacts by characterizing the first major allergen in AMR. Through an integrated approach combining transcriptome sequencing and immunological techniques, we identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a novel food allergen. The recombinant GAPDH protein exhibited clinically relevant IgE reactivity in 48.1% (13/27) of allergic individuals' sera, establishing its role in food allergy. Notably, we demonstrated that this food-derived allergen triggers distinct inflammatory pathways in human gastrointestinal (Caco-2) and respiratory (BEAS-2B) epithelial cells-key interfaces for food-host interactions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed tissue-specific responses: intestinal cells upregulated immunemodulatory genes (EPHB1, CD226, CD59), while lung cells activated interferon signaling, offering theoretical explanations for how dietary components may influence mucosal immunity. These findings significantly advance our understanding of herbal food allergies and pave the way for developing safer functional foods and targeted allergy management strategies.

The prevalence of pollinosis is increasing year by year. Due to the large geographical area of China, there are significant differences in pollen sensitization patterns in different regions. In recent years, affected by air-borne pollens in northern China, pollinosis has become a significant public health problem in the Beijing area. At present, there are few large-scale studies on pollen sensitization characteristics. This study aims to investigate the sensitization pattern and change trend of air-borne pollen in the Beijing area, so as to provide a reference for precise prevention and control for pollen allergic diseases. A skin prick test (SPT) was performed on 16 pollen allergens in patients with self-reported allergic rhinitis. A total of 14432 patients were included in the study, and the total positive rate of pollen allergens was 60.2%. The most common sensitized pollen was Chenopodium album (35.6%), followed by Juniperus chinensis (34.7%), Artemisia sieversiana (33.3%), and Humulus scandens (30.2%); Patients with multiple sensitizations to three or more pollens accounted for 42.6%; There was significant correlation between the sensitization of different tree pollens and weed pollens (P<0.001), excepted Juniperus chinensis. In terms of the severity of sensitization, the highest rates of severe sensitization in pollens were Juniperus chinensis (27.9%), Artemisia sieversiana (26.7%), and Humulus scandens (17.5%). Pollen sensitization had significant gender and age differences, the pollen sensitization rate of males was significantly higher than that of females (P<0.001); The sensitization rate of tree pollens decreased by 1.4%-2.2% and that of weed pollens decreased by 1.9%-2.4% with the increase of one year of age. The two peaks of pollen sensitization were 10-19 years old and 30-39 years old, with 77.7% and 67.2% of sensitized rate to pollen allergens. From 2017 to 2019, the pollen sensitization rate fluctuated with time, and the pollen sensitization rate of Juniperus chinensis, Artemisia sieversiana, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Betula increased year by year; while the sensitization rate of Ginkgo biloba, Zea mays and Populus showed a decreasing trend. The pollen sensitization rates of Juniperus chinensis, and Artemisia sieversiana increased by 5.0% and 2.4%, respectively. As of 2019, the pollen sensitization rate of Juniperus chinensis had jumped to the first place. This study provides the population characteristics of air-borne pollen sensitization in the Beijing area represented by the data of our center. The main allergenic pollens were Chenopodium album, Juniperus chinensis, Artemisia sieversiana, and Humulus scandens, and the multiple sensitization to pollens was the dominant pattern. Over time, the pollen sensitization rate of Juniperus chinensis and Artemisia sieversiana increased year by year in the Beijing area, which should be paid attention to by clinicians and relevant departments.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is an important extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with impaired pulmonary function and poor clinical outcomes. Although interstitial abnormalities in RA-ILD have been widely studied, airway involvement, particularly small airway dysfunction, has received less attention. This study aimed to evaluate small airway function and impulse oscillometry parameters in patients with RA-ILD and to explore their potential associations with disease severity. Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional comparative observational study using retrospectively collected clinical data. The patients with RA-ILD included in this study were treated at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2021 and December 2025. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals without pulmonary disease were included as controls. Clinical data, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, pulmonary function parameters, and impulse oscillometry indices were collected. Small airway function was assessed using MEF25-75%, MEF50%, and MEF25%. Disease severity was evaluated using HRCT visual scores, the gender-age-physiology (GAP) score, and the composite physiologic index (CPI). Subgroup analyses were performed according to the presence of small airway dysfunction, HRCT subtype, and history of RA-related joint surgery. Correlations between airway function parameters and disease severity indices were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 255 patients with RA-ILD were included, including 85 men (33.3%), with a mean age of 67.53 years. Compared with controls, patients with RA-ILD had significantly lower BMI, FVC%, TLC%, and DLCO% (all p < 0.05). Small airway function parameters, including MEF25-75%, MEF50%, and MEF25%, were significantly reduced in the RA-ILD group. Impulse oscillometry showed significantly higher Z5, R5-R20, R5/R20, and Fres, and significantly lower X5 in patients with RA-ILD compared with controls. Patients with RA-ILD and small airway dysfunction had lower FVC% than those without small airway dysfunction (87.7% vs. 95.46%, p = 0.015), and their GAP scores tended to be higher, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (2.59 vs. 1.79, p = 0.055). Among different ILD subtypes, only MEF50% differed significantly among the UIP, NSIP, and other-pattern groups. No significant differences in airway function or disease severity were observed between patients with and without a history of RA-related joint surgery. Correlation analysis showed that MEF25-75%, MEF50%, and MEF25% were negatively correlated with GAP score and positively correlated with FVC%. MEF25-75% and MEF50% were also positively correlated with DLCO%. Conclusions: In this study, patients with RA-ILD showed evidence of small airway dysfunction, with altered impulse oscillometry parameters suggesting increased airway resistance and reduced airway compliance. Small airway function parameters were associated with FVC% and GAP score, indicating that small airway dysfunction may be related to disease severity in RA-ILD.

Ses i 5 is an important sesame allergen and no studies have been reported on the epitope identification of this allergen. Epitopes are the antigenic determinants on the surface of allergens, which are the basis of intensive study on protein antigenicity. In this paper, we analyzed the secondary structure, tertiary structure, hydrophilicity, antigenic index, flexibility, surface accessibility, and homology of the Ses i 5. In addition, we designed and synthesized overlapping peptides covering the entire amino acid sequence of Ses i 5, each overlapping peptide contains 15 amino acids with 5 amino acid repeats. The IgE binding capacity of each peptide was assessed by immune slot blot microarray. Ultimately, we identified seven B-cell linear epitopes of Ses i 5. Furthermore, the key amino acids of Ses i 5 were predicted and mutated to alanine, the changes in the IgE-binding capacity of the mutated peptides were assessed by indirect competition-ELISA (ic-ELISA). At last glycine 104 was identified as the key amino acid for IgE binding in Ses i 5. These studies will contribute to the deep study of molecular characterization and more information on epitopes of Ses i 5, which will benefit for the further understanding of the sesame allergen.

Objective:The prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis （AR） and its combined diseases have been increasing recently. The purpose was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of seasonal AR in northern China. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in AR patients. The Visual analogue scale （VAS）, combined diseases, clinical features, allergic pollen and treatments were analyzed. Results:Of the 789 AR subjects included, 54.1% had a family history of atopic disease. The mian course wa s（7.4±5.9） years. 95.4% of the subjects had moderate to severe AR. The prevalence rates of allergic conjunctivitis （AC）, allergic asthma （AA）, and pollen food allergy syndrome （PFAS） were 71.1%, 19.0%, and 39.5% respectively. Among the patients, 13.8% presented with only AR, while 39.3% had an AR combined with other disease, and 1.9% exhibited comorbidity involving five different diseases. VAS was positively correlated with the number of comorbidities（r=0.186, P<0.001）. The mugwort exhibited the highest rate of pollen sensitization （48.9%）, closely followed by cypress （48.3%）. The prevalence of mono-sensitization to pollen was 20.2%, while the positive rates for double-sensitized pollens and more than three sensitized pollens were 17.4% and 62.4%, respectively. Among the study participants, 19.9% did not receive any form of treatment, while 66.2% were administered oral medication and 27.5% underwent nasal steroid spray therapy. The proportion of individuals receiving anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies was 4.3%, and allergen immunotherapy （AIT） treatment was undergone by 11.8%. Meanwhile, 41.2% of patients undergoing anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatment also received AIT. The distribution of therapy types among patients was as follows: 44.7% received a single type, 22.2% received two types, and 9.8% received three types of therapy. Additionally, there was a subset of patients（1%） who were undergoing five distinct forms of treatment. The VAS score exhibited a significant negative correlation with no treatment（r=-0.199, P<0.001）, while it showed a positive association with the number of treatment modalities（r=0.245, P<0.001）. Conclusion:Mugwort and cypress are the predominant allergenic pollens responsible for seasonal AR in northern China. The majority of cases present with moderate to severe AR, often accompanied by various comorbidities, necessitating consideration of diverse treatment modalities. However, the current rate of adoption for AIT remains relatively insufficient.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as dry mouth, dry eyes, and other systematic symptoms. Due to the hyposalivation experienced by pSS patients, oral dysbacteriosis often occurs. A common complication of pSS is the oral Candida infection. In this article, the authors describe systematic methods that can effectively diagnose oral Candida infection and identify the Candida strains using saliva, oral mucosal swabs, or mouthwash from pSS patients. The Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA), hyphal formation assay, potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear test, and calcofluor white (CFW) staining assay are used for the diagnosis of oral Candida infection. A Candida diagnostic agar is used for the identification of Candida strains. Finally, antifungal susceptibility testing is used to determine appropriate antifungal drug treatment. This standardized method can enhance the diagnosis, treatment, and future research of pSS-related oral Candida infections. Early diagnosis, using this method, can also prevent any complications arising due to delay in receiving appropriate treatment.

Plant-derived foods are one of the most common causative sources of food allergy in China, with a significant relationship to pollinosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this food-pollen allergy syndrome and its molecular allergen diagnosis to better understand the cross-reactive basis. Food-pollen cross-reactivity has been mainly reported in Northern China, Artemisia pollen is the major related inhalant source, followed by tree pollen (Betula), while grass pollen plays a minor role. Pollen allergy is relatively low in Southern China, with allergies to grass pollen being more important than weed and tree pollens. Rosaceae fruits and legume seeds stand out as major related allergenic foods. Non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) has been found to be the most clinically relevant cross-reacting allergenic component, able to induce severe reactions. PR-10, profilin, defensin, chitinase, and gibberellin-regulated proteins are other important cross-reactive allergen molecules. Artemisia pollen can induce allergenic cross-reactions with a wide range of plant-derived foods in China, and spring tree pollens (Betula) are also important. nsLTP found in both pollen and plant-derived food is considered the most significant allergen in food pollen cross-reactivity. Component-resolved diagnosis with potential allergenic proteins is recommended to improve diagnostic accuracy and predict the potential risk of causing allergic symptoms.

BackgroundLimited is known on the profiles of apple allergy in China.ObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of apple allergen components in northern China.MethodsThis study recruited 40 participants and categorized into apple tolerance (n = 19) and allergy (n = 21) group. The latter was categorized into oral allergy symptoms (OAS, n = 14) and generalized symptoms (GS, n = 7). All participants underwent ImmunoCAP screening to assess sIgE levels of birch, apple, and their components.ResultsThe sensitization rates were 90% for Bet v 1, 85% for Mal d 1, 35% for Bet v 2, and 20% for Mal d 3. The overall positive rate for apple allergens was 97.5%, with half demonstrating mono-sensitization to Mal d 1. Birch, Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 sIgE levels had consistent areas under the curve (AUC 0.747, p = 0.037; AUC 0.799, p = 0.012; AUC 0.902, p < 0.001 respectively) in diagnosing apple allergy. The optimal cut-off values were determined to be 22.85 kUA/L (63.6% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity), 6.84 kUA/L (81.8% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity) and 1.61 kUA/L (93.8% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity), respectively. No allergens or components demonstrated diagnostic value in distinguishing between OAS and GS. Mal d 3 sensitization was correlated with mugwort allergy and higher risk of peach, nuts or legumes generalized allergy.ConclusionMal d 1 was major allergen and the best for diagnosing apple allergy. Mal d 3 does not necessarily indicate severe allergic reaction to apples in northern China but may indicate mugwort sensitization and an increased risk of peach, nuts or legumes allergy.

BACKGROUND:Allergen component resolved diagnosis (CRD) is a method for identifying specific protein molecules that cause hypersensitivity. Unlike traditional methods that use crude allergen extracts containing multiple component species, CRD focuses on individual allergen protein molecules for more precise diagnosis. The World Allergy Organization (WAO) recommends CRD as a supplement to clinical history and allergen extract testing, and in some cases, it can replace crude extract tests. METHODS:CRD involves the use of natural or recombinant proteins to detect specific IgE antibodies directed at individual allergenic components. This method allows for a more detailed analysis of a patient's allergic response compared to the use of whole allergen extracts. The Allergy Prevention and Control Specialty Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, developed an expert consensus that incorporates the consensus of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), WAO, and important domestic literature on CRD in recent years. RESULTS:The consensus aims to standardize the algorithm of allergen diagnosis and provides a reference for clinical practice. It also offers guidance for clinicians on the common protein families identified by CRD, the scenarios where CRD is applicable, and the significance of detecting common allergen components. CONCLUSIONS:Despite its potential, CRD is not widely used in clinical practice in China due to the lack of allergen component reagents and a general unawareness among clinicians about CRD's application and interpretation of test results. The expert consensus developed by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association aims to address this gap and enhance the clinical application of CRD in China.

Purpose: To investigate the major allergen components associated with birch pollen allergy in northern China and elucidate clinical relevance to pollen food allergy syndrome (PFAS). Methods: Fifty-eight patients were recruited for a cross-sectional study and categorized into two groups: PFAS group and non-PFAS group, as well as apple allergy group and non-apple allergy group. The sIgE levels of birch pollen and its components, namely Bet v 1, Bet v 2, Bet v 4, and Bet v 6, were analyzed. Results: Among 58 participants, 44 individuals (75.9%) reported PFAS. 32 out of 44 (72.7%) participants reported apple allergy. Bet v 1 exhibited the highest sensitization rate at 82.8%, followed by Bet v 2 (29.3%) and Bet v 6 (1.7%). The combined sensitization rate for Bet v 1 and/or Bet v 2 was 93.1%. A total of 77.6% of the subjects demonstrated sensitization to single component, while 19.0% exhibited sensitization to two components. The sIgE levels of birch pollen and Bet v 1 were significantly elevated in PFAS group compared to non-PFAS group (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively), as well as in apple-allergic and non-apple-allergic group (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The optimal cut-off values for birch pollen and Bet v 1 sIgE were determined to be 7.09 kUA/L (with a sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 78.6%) and 5.11 kUA/L (with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 85.7%) when diagnosing PFAS. In terms of apple allergy, the optimal cut-off value were 9.40 kUA/L (with a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 76.9%) and 6.53 kUA/L (with a sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 84.6%), respectively. Conclusion: The predominant sensitization pattern is mono-sensitization to Bet v 1, but when considering immunotherapy, Bet v 2 should also be taken into account. Bet v 1 serves as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing PFAS and apple allergy.

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disease globally and its prevalence is increasing year by year. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of self-reported AR among the Chinese National Railway train crew in the China Railway Beijing Group.METHODS: This prospective questionnaire study surveyed 1511 randomly recruited train crewmembers from 20 cities in the China National Railway network, and 494 reported having AR. A structured questionnaire was tailored, designed, and delivered electronically to all subjects. Prevalence of and risk factors for AR were analyzed based on self-reported results.RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported AR among train crewmembers was 32.6%. Among respondents, 86.03% worked in passenger cars and 64.6% reported having worse AR symptoms while on trains. AR frequencies were 40.15% perennially and 59.85% seasonally. Among the Total Nasal Symptoms Scores (TNSS), significant differences were found between rhinorrhea and sneezing and between nasal itching and sneezing. The Rhino-Conjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) showed significant correlations between all seven sections. TNSS was significantly associated with the RQLQ. Scores of both the TNSS and RQLQ showed that the severity of AR symptoms (rp = 0.103) and the impact on quality of life (rp = 0.113) correlated significantly with seniority.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of self-reported AR among train crew working in passenger cars is higher than that of the general Chinese population. The severity of AR symptoms and the impact on quality of life are associated with seniority, meaning the number of years working on trains.Yu R-L, Ning H-Y, Lan T-F, He H, Zheng C-B, Wang X-Y, Wang H-T, Wang X-Y. Self-reported allergic rhinitis prevalence and risk factors in employees of the China National Railway. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(11):821-826.

Introduction: Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is an emerging type of allergen immunotherapy with fewer injections and shorter course for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). The efficacy and safety have not been confirmed by informative and powerful evidence yet. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through electronic searching with PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The safety (incidence of adverse events [AEs]), compliance (percent of patients completing treatment), and clinical efficacy of ILIT were evaluated. Clinical efficacy could be assessed by improvement of subjective symptom and rescue medication use or the nasal tolerance to specific allergen. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022353562). Results: 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ILIT with placebo and 3 trials (2 RCTs and one case-control study) comparing ILIT and SCIT were included in this review. Totally, 582 patients diagnosed as AR or ARC were enrolled. Almost all the AEs were mild-to-moderate reactions except 2 patients developed anaphylactic reactions at the intralymphatic injection dose 5,000 SQ-U in one study. ILIT got higher incidence of local AEs than placebo, but their incidence of systemic AEs was similar. ILIT was safer than SCIT (p < 0.05). Almost all the patients could complete ILIT treatment, and the most common reason for discontinuation of ILIT was AEs. The compliance of patients receiving ILIT seemed higher than patients receiving SCIT. ILIT could significantly ameliorate subjective allergic symptoms, especially for seasonal ARC, and increase nasal tolerance, similar to SCIT. Conclusion: ILIT was a safe and effective treatment for ARC and could achieve comparable clinical improvement with SCIT with shorter duration and higher compliance. Moreover, ILIT was safer than SCIT.

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis（AR）is increasing year by year, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and causes a heavy burden of social diseases. At present, the diagnosis methods focus on clinical manifestations and allergen detection, but there is no accurate detection method for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. With the rapid development of proteomics technology and its wide application in disease research, there is a rapid, sensitive and high-throughput technology platform for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis, which provides a platform for the early detection, therapeutic targets and prognosis of the disease. This article reviews the progress of AR in proteomics.

Background/Purpose: Specific immunotherapy is the only effective etiological treatment for allergic rhinitis, but subcutaneous immunotherapy has a slowonset and poor compliance. Predicting the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in advance can reduce unnecessarymedical costs and resource waste. This study aimed to identify metabolites that could predict the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy on seasonal allergic rhinitis by serum metabolomics. Methods: Patients (n Z 43) with Artemisia sieversiana pollen allergic rhinitis were enrolled and treated with subcutaneous immunotherapy for one year. Patients were divided into the ineffective group (n Z 10) and effective group (n Z 33) according to the therapeutic index. Serum samples were collected before treatment. Metabolomics was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed differential compounds and related metabolic pathways. Results: A total of 129 differential metabolites (P < 0.05) were identified and 4 metabolic pathways, namely taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, pentose phosphate pathway, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, were involved. Conclusion: Some metabolites, such as hypotaurine, taurine, and L-alanine, have the potential to become predictive biomarkers for effective subcutaneous immunotherapy. Copyright (c) 2022, Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).

Background/aim: chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects ~12% of the population and costs ~$30 billion each year in the US. A recent study reported winter and spring exacerbations of sinonasal symptoms among CRS patients; however, little is known about seasonal exacerbations by endotypes. This study aims to investigate seasonal variations of CRS hospitalizations among different inflammatory endotypes. Methods: CRS patients with different endotypes were identified in Mount Sinai electronic health records using a multi-layer CRS phenotyping algorithm integrating features such as encounter frequencies, surgeries, provider specialties and biomarkers, which was previously evaluated with high prediction performance (PPV=0.91). The patients with hospitalizations from 2003-2019 were included while patients with comorbidities of asthma or allergic rhinitis were excluded. Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the associations between seasons and daily counts of CRS hospitalizations, adjusting for long-term temporal trend, day-of-the-week, daily temperature and PM2.5. Results: The counts of CRS hospitalizations were 32,194 in spring, 31,993 in summer, 32,077 in fall, and 30,584 in winter. For all CRS patients, no significant differences by season were detected. Among patients with nasal polyps (1615/7604), the highest risk of hospitalization was seen in spring (RR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.17), followed by fall (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12), compared to winter. Similar patterns were observed in patients with blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mcL (596/7604): increased risks of hospitalization were observed in spring (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) and fall (RR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14). In contrast, no differences by season were found for CRS patients without nasal polyps or with low eosinophil count. Conclusions: Elevated risks of hospitalizations in spring and fall were only observed in CRS patients with endotypes related to eosinophilic type 2 inflammation. The high recurrence and refractory nature of these endotypes might be attributable to seasonal environmental factors. Keywords: rhinosinusitis, seasonal exacerbations

Objective:To study the differences and clinical significance of dust mite allergen components in allergic rhinitis（AR） and allergic rhinitis with asthma syndrome（ARAS） patients. Methods:The clinical data of 42 AR patients were retrospectively analyzed and patients were divided into AR and ARAS group. The serum sIgE concentrations of house dust mites were detected by ImmunoCAP system. The allergen components of Der p（Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 21, Der p 23） and Der f（Der f 1, Der f 2） were analyzed by protein microarray method. The concentration differences of dust mite allergen and its components in AR and ARAS groups were analyzed. Results:Thirty-one cases of AR and 11 cases of ARAS were included. The positive rate of Der p and Der f was 100.0% and 97.6%, respectively. The highest sensitization rates of Der p allergen components were as following: Der p 1（73.8%）, Der f 1（66.7%）, Der f 2（64.3%） and Der p 2（61.9%）. The sensitization rates of Der f 1（100.0% vs 54.8%, P=0.006）, Der p 2（90.9% vs 51.6%, P=0.021） and Der f 2（100.0% vs 51.6%, P=0.004） in ARAS group were significantly higher than those in AR group. The sIgE concentrations of Der p in AR group were significantly lower than those in ARAS group（[7.65±12.15]kUA/L vs[15.20±18.77]kUA/L, P<0.05）. The sIgE concentrations of Der p 1（[5.39±4.61]kUA/L vs[2.03±2.97]kUA/L, P=0.013）, Der p 2（[8.82± 13.58]kUA/L vs[2.78±5.80]kUA/L, P=0.001）, Der p 23（[1.76± 3.88]kUA/L vs[0.28±0.65]kUA/L, P<0.001） was significantly higher in ARAS group than that of AR group. Correlation analysis showed that Der p 1, Der p 2, Der f 1 and Der f 2 had high positive correlation（P<0.01）. The dust mite components sensitization showed a multiple-sensitized mode. 66.7% of the 42 patients were positive for two or more components while it was 58.1% of the AR group and 90.9% of the ARAS group. The sensitization rate of 3 or more components in ARAS group was significantly higher than that in AR group（54.6% vs 29.1%, P<0.05）. Conclusion:The concentration of dust mites allergens in ARAS group is higher than that in AR group. Der p 1, Der f 1, Der p 2 and Der f 2 are the main allergen components with a higher sensitization rate in ARAS group. The concentrations of Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 were higher in ARAS group. The ARAS group is prone to multi-sensitzed to allergen components.

Objective:The aim of this study is to check whether histopathological differences exist between the nasal side and the sinus side of uncinate process of chronic rhinosinusitis and the histopathological basis of nasal polyp was discussed. Methods:The uncinate processes of chronic rhinosinusitis and control subjects were enrolled from October 2016 to April 2017. The following histopathological data were assessed: height of basement membrane, the proportion of glands in the sub-epithelium, the numbers of goblet cells and inflammatory cells. Results:A total of 116 patients were recruited, including 38 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（CRSwNP）, 58 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps（CRSsNP） and 20 controls. There was no significant difference between age and gender distribution（P>0.05）. The basement membrane was significantly thinner on the sinus side of the 3 groups' uncinate processes than on the nasal side except CRSwNP group（P<0.05）. The basement membrane of CRSwNP and CRSsNP was significantly higher than control uncinate processes（P<0.05）. Inflammatory cells number were significantly increased in CRSwNP and CRSsNP than in the control uncinate processes, and the nasal side was obviously more than the sinus side in the CRSwNP and CRSsNP groups（P<0.05）. The number of goblet cells was more on the sinus side of the 3 groups uncinate processes than on the nasal side, that of CRSsNP and control were significant difference between the nasal side and sinus side（P<0.05）. The proportion of glands was larger on the sinus and nasal side of the uncinate processes in CRSwNP and CRSsNP than that of the control uncinate processes（P<0.05）, and the proportion of glands was significantly greater on the nasal side than on the sinus side of the uncinate processes in CRSwNP（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Histopathological differences exist between the nasal side and sinus side of the ups of CRSwNP, CRSsNP and control. The nasal side is more prone to polyps than the sinus side, which may be related to the thickening of basement membrane, the increase of inflammatory cells and gland area, and the decrease of goblet cells.

Background The use of non-invasive clinical markers for predicting CRS recurrence is still not well investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the comprehensive effects of non-invasive clinical markers on the recurrence of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Materials and methods A total of 346 consecutive CRSwNP patients undergoing endoscopic functional sinus surgery were recruited. The demographic characteristics and clinical parameters were recorded. Machine learning algorithm were used for evaluating the predictive value of asthma history and blood eosinophils percentage. Results Finally, 313/346 patients completed the study. The average follow-up time was 24 months after the first surgery. For the CRSwNP with asthma patients, the blood eosinophils percentage cut-off value was 3.7%. However, for the CRSwNP without asthma patients, the blood eosinophils percentage cut-off value was high, at 6.9%. Conclusion Combined asthma history and blood eosinophils percentage can predict CRSwNP recurrence, while asthma history can reduce the threshold of blood eosinophils percentage to predict CRSwNP recurrence. Significance For the CRS patients, combined asthma history and blood eosinophils percentage can predict recurrence, while asthma history can reduce the threshold of blood eosinophils percentage to predict recurrence.

以北京市属公立医院为对象,通过分析公立医院科层组织管理的现状及影响因素,探讨通过提升科层组织作用增强服务能力和水平、促进公立医院发挥公益性、有效承担社会责任的举措和建议,为提高优质医疗资源分配效率、促进健康中国战略实施提供参考.

Background There has been research about the prevalence and risk factors of eczema, hay fever, and asthma in children, but little is known about these conditions in adults in China. Objectives To explore the prevalence of adult eczema/atopic dermatitis (AD) and its risk factors in northern China. Methods A cluster sampling randomized population-based survey was conducted using a face-to-face questionnaire combined with skin prick tests of ten common aeroallergens including nine pollen allergens and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinu (Dp) allergen. The questionnaire was designed by specialists and included questions on the prevalence of eczema, hay fever, and asthma, socioeconomic risk factors, family history of atopy and environmental exposures. The prevalence of eczema with asthma and/or hay fever (EAH) was applied as a proxy of AD in this study. Results Overall, 2096 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The prevalence of eczema was 15.7% (95% CI 14.3–17.4), while the prevalence of hay fever and asthma were 20.6% (95% CI 18.9–22.4) and 6.5% (95% CI 5.5–7.6), respectively. In particular, the prevalence of EAH was 5.1% (95% CI 4.4–7.0). The prevalence of eczema and EAH was significantly associated with younger age, atopy family history, high education level, urbanization, and antibiotic overuse ( P < 0.05, logistic regression). The sensitization rate was higher in EAH compared with eczema (48.2% vs 41.0%, P = 0.018), with weed pollen sensitization being the most common. Subjects with two or more concomitant allergic diseases had increased risk of eczema and EAH ( P < 0.001). Allergen sensitization increased the risk of eczema and EAH ( P < 0.001, both). Conclusions Adult eczema and EAH are prevalent in northern China under high pollen exposure. Socioeconomic and environmental factors affected the prevalence of adult AD in China. Dp had a particular impact on the prevalence of eczema/AD in the grassland region.