Red oak is valued in furniture industry for its properties and aesthetics, but its inherent sour odor limits high-value applications. Traditional extraction methods or chemical decontaminants used to control wood odors often face challenges such as damaging wood structure, causing secondary pollution, or failing to maintain mechanical properties. This study aimed to develop a glycerol-based green in situ passivation strategy and elucidate its microscopic synergistic mechanism for balancing odor suppression and structural retention. Through in situ solvent impregnation and concentration gradient optimization, wood samples were treated in glycerol solutions at varying mass fractions (10-50%). The results indicate that samples modified with 30% glycerol demonstrated the most effective odor suppression, with the lowest odor detection rating (Level 1) and a 57.5% reduction in total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Multiscale characterization reveals that this outstanding performance stems from a synergistic mechanism involving physical pore filling to construct a barrier layer, chemical anchoring of odor components via hydrogen bond networks, and structural relaxation of cellulose amorphous regions. Simultaneously, it modulates the mechanical response of wood within certain limits, providing an environmentally friendly and efficient scientific basis for the high-value utilization of red oak.

This study addresses the critical issues of low photogenerated charge separation efficiency in the UiO66-NH2 and the limited specific surface area and weak visible-light response of ZnO. By constructing a UiO66-NH2/ZnO composite via a hydrothermal-solvent evaporation method, the designed Type II heterojunction integrates the strong adsorption capacity of UiO66-NH2 with the catalytic activity of ZnO, while its heterojunction interface promotes charge separation, thereby establishing an efficient adsorption-photocatalysis synergistic system. The UiO66-NH2/ZnO composite material was systematically characterized using SEM, XRD, XPS, and ESR techniques, while simultaneously investigating its performance in degrading MB under visible light and its cyclic stability. The results indicate that the UiO66-NH2/ZnO composite exhibits higher interfacial charge transfer efficiency and electron–hole pair separation efficiency, with significantly enhanced visible light absorption. Among these, the UZ140-50 composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation activity, achieving an MB degradation rate as high as 94

Delignified wood (DLW) with its hierarchically porous structure serves as a sustainable and robust scaffold for shaping phase change materials (PCMs). This work designs a multifunctional wood-based composite by vacuum-impregnating n-octadecane into DLW and delignified-hemicellulose wood (DHLW) matrices, followed by coating with wood wax oil or polyurethane. The n-octadecane/DLW composite demonstrated an optimal phase change enthalpy of 165 J/g with a transition temperature (25–30 °C) well-within the human comfort zone. Removal of hemicellulose compromised the structural integrity of the wood scaffold, resulting in a 19

The persistent release of free formaldehyde from particleboards causes severe indoor health risks. However, existing scavenging technologies struggle to balance high capture efficiency with mechanical properties, which is attributed to the lack of cross-scale synergistic design between scavengers and particleboard structures. In this study, a dendritic mesoporous silica-supported tannic acid composite (DMSN-TA) was proposed to solve the interface weakening caused by traditional scavengers through a multiscale synergistic strategy, realizing the sustainable manufacturing of particleboards that simultaneously exhibit suppressed pollutant release, enhanced structural integrity, and mitigated health hazards. The results showed that the introduction of DMSN-TA produced a significant synergistic reinforcement effect. The combination of rigid silica skeleton and active tannic acid reinforced the resin-wood interface effectively. At an optimal addition level of 10%, the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of resistance (MOR) and bending strength (IB) of the modified particleboard increased by 26.33%, 24.05% and 21.61%, respectively. Kinetic simulations and structural characterizations indicated that the dense filling of DMSN-TA increased the mass transfer resistance of formaldehyde. Meanwhile, dendritic mesopores accelerated formaldehyde-tannic acid contact, achieving stable chemical fixation confirmed by FT-IR. On the 28th day, the formaldehyde emission was 45.87% of that in the control group, and quantitative assessments based on the average daily inhalation dose (ADI) model demonstrated that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were reduced by 52.73% and 72.30%, respectively. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis and technical approach for overcoming the challenge of achieving high strength and low risk in wood-based panels.

Controlling formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions at the source is crucial for ensuring indoor air safety. The conventional controlling approaches have primarily attributed the effective to diffusion restriction. This study challenges this perspective by demonstrating that the primary mechanism underlying emission suppression is the notable sink effect. A micro-nano chitosan-activated carbon composite (MNCs-NAC) was integrated into particleboard, resulting in a remarkable 94.6% reduction in formaldehyde and total VOCs emissions over 28 days in a 1 m3 climate chamber without significant detrimental effects on the physicomechanical properties. To investigate the fundamental mechanisms, a multiscale series fractal capillary bundle (MSFC) model was utilized to decouple the key emission parameters. The analysis revealed that the significant reduction in emissions was predominantly attributable to the enhancement of the material's sink strength, as evidenced by a 560% increase in the modified partition coefficient for formaldehyde. Furthermore, while the equivalent diffusion coefficient plummeted to ≤ 0.1% of the control level, this extreme macroscopic deceleration was fundamentally driven by the massive chemical sink effect rather than a pure physical diffusion barrier, which played only a secondary role. This sink-dominated mechanism originates from a synergistic functional complementarity between the composite's components. Chitosan provided selective chemisorption sites for polar formaldehyde, while activated carbon enabled high-capacity physisorption of nonpolar VOCs.

Global forests face increasingly severe drought events, which suppress the growth of larch. Transcription factors (TFs), acting as regulators, can increase plant stress tolerance by modulating gene expression networks. This study integrated RNA-seq, WGCNA and physiology to systematically analyze the adaptation mechanisms of Larix olgensis under drought stress. Among the 50,110 unigenes identified via RNA-seq, 1,391 unigenes were annotated as TFs. These TFs were clustered into four distinct clusters based on expression profiles. TFs within Cluster 1 exhibited significant differential expression during visible wilting of L. olgensis (72 h and 96 h). Ten TFs were selected as candidate TFs from Cluster 1 based on fold-change rank (p < 0.05). Subsequent WGCNA clustered the 50,110 unigenes into 19 co-expression modules. Notably, the firebrick4 module displayed a strong positive correlation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, whereas the darkolivegreen module showed a strong positive correlation with peroxidase (POD) activity. Three TFs in the firebrick4 module (TRINITY_DN13923_c0_g2, TRINITY_DN3004_c0_g1 and TRINITY_DN1230_c0_g1) and two TFs in the darkolivegreen module (TRINITY_DN1156_c1_g3 and TRINITY_DN1156_c1_g1) were identified by co-expression network analysis. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge of drought-responsive TFs in L. olgensis, establishing a foundational resource for future functional studies and molecular breeding.

With deteriorating indoor air quality posing global health concerns, sustainable mitigation of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood composites has become imperative. The integration of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) into particleboards was investigated to address the critical challenge of VOCs emissions while maintaining industrially viable material performance. A low-emission composite particleboard was engineered by incorporating ZIF-8 to modulate gas diffusion pathways and mass transfer behavior. The results showed that ZIF-8's hierarchical porosity and Zn2 + -mediated capture sites achieved a reduction in formaldehyde and in total VOCs while suppressing BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) through hydrophobic partitioning and it - it stacking with imidazole ligands. Kinetic analyses revealed pore diffusionlimited pseudo-second-order adsorption, with recyclability tests demonstrating high performance retention after 6 cycles. Though Zn2+-catalyzed resin hydrolysis and macroporosity shifts reduced bond strength and increased thickness swelling, the mechanical properties still exceeded furniture-grade standards.

Formaldehyde released from particleboard poses a serious threat to indoor air quality, and there is an urgent need to develop efficient adsorbents to reduce its release. This study introduces micro-nano chitosan (multiscale chitosan cross-linked polymers, MNCs) as a novel adsorbent, synthesized via ionic gelation and systematically characterized in terms of their specific surface area (0.301 m2/g), average particle size (19.96 μm), spherical morphology, and surface functional groups. The formaldehyde emission from particleboard treated with 3

MnO2 2 nanoflowers were supported on porous hydrothermal carbon via in situ loading and used for the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde from plywood manufactured with UF adhesive. The prepared MnO2 2 had a delta-type structure. The use of hydrothermal carbon (Hcs) improved the dispersion of active components in the materials and provided space for the catalytic reactions. Hcs/MnO2 2 exhibited catalytic activity and stability during formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature. The formaldehyde removal efficiency reached 90.43 % in 30 min. The Hcs/MnO2 2 had more oxygen vacancies than the MnO2 2 catalyst, providing more abundant active substances such as-OH, O 2- , O-- and other active substances to promote the catalytic reaction. The effects of Hcs/MnO2 2 on the formaldehyde emission and the mechanical properties of plywood were investigated. The MOR, MOE and bonding strength of the Hcs/MnO2-loaded 2-loaded plywood with 9 % Hcs were 51.1 MPa, 2994 MPa, and 0.8 MPa, respectively. After 28 d of exposure, the formaldehyde emitted from the plywood treated with Hcs/MnO2 2 decreased to 0.023 mg/m3, 3 , which fulfilled the requirement for E NF grading. The controlled release of free formaldehyde from plywood by Hcs/MnO2 2 was reflected by changes in mass transfer and catalytic oxidation. The manganese oxides in the micropores of the wood reduced the diffusion coefficient of free formaldehyde and hindered migration through the substrate. Once the concentration of formaldehyde decreased to a certain level, it was degraded by Hcs/MnO2, 2 , thus removing formaldehyde from the source.

Biomorphic TiO2 with hierarchical porous structures for photocatalytic degradation is fabricated by templating wood residues of different size scales (lignocellulose, wood flour, and solid wood as biological templates) using a simple sol–gel method. Compared to template-free TiO2, the biomorphic TiO2 had a better adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance when decomposing methylene blue (MB) and phenol. The lignocellulose-templated TiO2 reached adsorption equilibrium within 60 min because of a composite hierarchical structure with the complex interlaced wood, and demonstrated 98.9 and 84.3% degradation of MB and phenol within 60 min under visible light conditions. The multiscale structures of these wood templates enhanced light absorption and mass transfer efficiency due to the presence of additional surface hydroxyl groups and a reduced bandgap. This research proposes a convenient synthesis method to obtain biomorphic TiO2 using wood residues and modifies the physio-chemical interaction between wood and TiO2 to enhance the visible light response and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers in the system.

We analyzed two data sets of atmospheric formaldehyde (FA) at an urban site in the Shanghai megacity during the summer of 2017 and the winter of 2017/18, with the primary objective of determining the emission ratio of formaldehyde versus carbon monoxide (CO). Through the photochemical age method and the minimum R squared (MRS) method, we derived the summer urban formaldehyde release ratios of 3.37 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1 and 4.04 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1, respectively. The error of both estimations is within ±20%, indicating the consistency of the results. We recognized the hourly minimum emission ratios determined from the MRS method to be indicative of actual formaldehyde emission ratios. Similarly, the emission ratio in winter is determined to be 2.10 ppbv (ppmv of CO)-1 utilizing the MRS method. The findings provide significant insights into the potential impact of motor vehicle exhaust on formaldehyde emissions in urban areas. This work demonstrates that the formaldehyde emission ratio determined by the MRS method can be used to represent the emissions of the freshest air mass. Formaldehyde photolysis contributed an average of 9% to the free radical primary reaction rate (P(ROx)) as a single chemical species during the daytime in summer, which was lower than the 11% recorded in winter. Formaldehyde emission reduction positively impacts local ozone production, so models describing ozone formation in Shanghai during summer need to reflect these emissions accurately. Evidence of the crucial catalytic role of formaldehyde in particulate matter formation has been confirmed by recent research. A potentially effective way to decrease the incidence of haze days in autumn and winter in the future is therefore to focus on reducing formaldehyde emissions.

The formaldehyde emission performance of wood-based panels treated with temperature-sensitive microcapsules was evaluated in this study. Formaldehyde scavenger-filled microcapsules were synthesized by the emulsion-solvent method using ethylcellulose and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as shell materials containing urea. The results demonstrated that the temperature-sensitive microcapsules exhibited perfect core-shell structures at a core/shell/PNIPAM ratio of 2:2:1. The loading capacity and loading efficiency of the functional core material of the microcapsules reached 33% and 59%, respectively. Compared with untreated panels, panels based on the temperature-sensitive microcapsule scavenger had better performance in controlling free formaldehyde emissions, the formaldehyde emission of treated panels decreased by 42% and 41% at room temperature and 40 degrees C, respectively. The results indicated that the reason why the woodbased panels had a long-term low-level emission was that the microcapsules showed different release behaviour at different temperature, so they have different release paths and release principles.

A large quantity of wastewater is released from wood processing, posing a serious pollution problem to the natural environment.

Fast-growing poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr) can produce wood veneers, but their poor quality restricts their application in construction and building. Modification of wood has the potential to improve its properties. In this study, poplar veneers were impregnated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to reinforce their performance. The results showed that CaCO3 was uniformly distributed in cell lumens in impregnated veneers. After impregnation, the maximum weight gain rate was up to 41.4%, and water uptake decreased from 6.82% to 0.94%. The hardness increased from 7.6 to 10.0 MPa, and the extent of wear fell from 0.91% to 0.05%. The ignition time was prolonged, and the heat release rate and total heat release were low. Experimental results demonstrated that CaCO3 improved the physical-mechanical properties and flame retardancy of poplar veneers.

Abiotic stresses, such as salt and drought, significantly affect plant development and are the major limiting factors for crop quality and productivity. The manipulation of genes involved in plant stress response facilitates plant mitigation of adverse environments. In this study, we characterized CgbZIP1, a differentially expressed gene under normal and salinity conditions in Chrysanthemum grandiflora. CgbZIP1 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and also strongly responsive to drought stress and ABA treatments. Bioinformatics and subcellular localization analyses revealed that CgbZIP1 is a bZIP transcription factor and localized to the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing CgbZIP1 exhibited significantly enhanced salt and drought stress tolerance associated with characteristic morphological and physiological indexes. The results demonstrate the important role CgbZIP1 plays in plant stress response and suggest its potential use in other crops for improved stress resistance.

Formaldehyde scavenger microcapsules were introduced into particleboard to prepare an ecofriendly particleboard with a low pollution release in response to the problem of long-term unstable free formaldehyde release from particleboards. By analyzing key parameters of formaldehyde emission from particleboard, the effects of microcapsules on the diffusion, migration and inhibition of free formaldehyde in particleboard pore structures was discussed. The results showed that microencapsulated formaldehyde scavenger prepared by an emulsification cross-linking method with chitosan as the wall material and urea as the core material resulted in a good long-term controlled release effect on formaldehyde emission. Compared with that of the control panel, the formaldehyde emission of the particleboard with microcapsules decreased by 51.4 % and 25.8 % at 28 d and 180 d, respectively. The addition of formaldehyde scavenger microcapsules increased the particleboard macroscopic pore volume, which facilitated the conversion of adsorbed formaldehyde into free formaldehyde in the pore structure, thereby promoting its migration and diffusion in the particleboard pores. Moreover, the synergistic effect of the addition-condensation and nucleophilic cross-linking of the core and wall materials quickly captured the free formaldehyde in the panels and reduced the releasable concentration of formaldehyde in the material, thus achieving the long-term effective control of formaldehyde emission.

As high soil salinity threatens the growth and development of plants, understanding the mechanism of plants’ salt tolerance is critical. The Chrysanthemum × grandiflora is a newly developed species with a strong salt resistance that possesses multiple genes controlling its quantitative salt resistance. Because of this multigene control, we chose to investigate the plant stress genes overall responses at the transcriptome level. C. grandiflora were treated with a 200 mM NaCl solution for 12 h to study its effect on the roots and leaves via Illumina RNA sequencing. PAL, CYP73A, and 4CL in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated in roots and leaves. In the salicylic acid signal transduction pathway, TGA7 was upregulated in the roots and leaves, while in the jasmonic acid signal transduction pathway, TIFY9 was upregulated in the roots and leaves. In the ion transporter gene, we identified HKT1 that showed identical expression patterns in the roots and leaves. The impact of NaCl imposition for 12 h was largely due to osmotic effect of salinity on C. grandiflora, and most likely the transcript abundance changes in this study were due to the osmotic effect. In order to verify the accuracy of the Illumina sequencing data, we selected 16 DEGs for transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. qRT-PCR and transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that the transcriptome sequencing results were reliable.

Formaldehyde scavenger agent can effectively control formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels, but the existing formaldehyde scavenger agent can only work in the short term. For the purpose of long-term control of formaldehyde emissions from wood-based panels, microencapsulation of formaldehyde scavenger agent was synthesized in this paper. The effect of the emulsifying agent and the core to shell ratio on the microcapsules' morphology and formaldehyde degradation efficiency was investigated. The results showed that microcapsules of optimum morphology with high degradation efficiency can be obtained under the condition of 1% of the sodium dodecyl sulfate emulsifier, 3% of the shell solution, and a core to shell ratio of 1:3 with 1000 r/min stirring speed. The loading ratio and efficiency of the microcapsules achieved 36.25% and 8.05% respectively. Compared with control panels, the formaldehyde released from veneered panels treated with microcapsules was 39.7% and 41.4% lower in short-term and long-term emissions.

Nanopaper has attracted considerable interest in the fields of films and paper research. However, the challenge of integrating the many advantages of nanopaper still remains. Herein, we developed a facile strategy to fabricate multifunctional nanocomposite paper (NGCP) composed of wood-derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and graphene as building blocks. NFC suspension was consisted of long and entangled NFCs (10-30 nm in width) and their aggregates. Before NGCP formation, NFC was chemically modified with a silane coupling agent to ensure that it could interact strongly with graphene in NGCP. The resulting NGCP samples were flexible and could be bent repeatedly without any structural damage. Within the NGCP samples, the high aspect ratio of NFC made a major contribution to its high mechanical strength, whereas the sheet-like graphene endowed the NGCP with electrical resistance and electrochemical activity. The mechanical strength of the NGCP samples decreased as their graphene content increased. However, the electrical resistance and electrochemical activity of the NGCP samples both rose with increasing content of graphene. The NGCPs still kept advantageous mechanical properties even at high temperatures around 300 degrees C because of the high thermal stability of NFCs and their strong entangled web-like structures. In view of its sustainable building blocks and multifunctional characteristics, the NGCP developed in this work is promising as low-cost and high-performance nanopaper.