The high energy consumption and high carbon footprint of sewage treatment are technical shortcomings of the conventional activated sludge process. To address the emergency issue, this research demonstrated the viability of a pre-anammox enhanced A-B process to treat municipal wastewater while achieving an energy-efficient operation. In the proposed A-B process, an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (A-MBBR) functions as the A-stage for COD capture, while a nitrification MBBR functions as the B-stage. The results show that during the 210-days of operation, 83.3 % of the influent COD was converted in the A-stage, and 93.1 % NH4+-N removal was achieved, resulting in an effluent NH4+-N concentration of 0.9 mg/L. The metagenomic sequencing results show that, in the B-stage MBBR, Nitrosomonas was the main ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (4.9 % relative abundance) and Nitrospira was the main nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (18.0 % relative abundance). In the A-stage MBBR, Thauera was the dominant denitrification bacterium (9.2 % relative abundance) and Candidatus Brocadia was the dominant anammox bacterium. Finally, hdh and hzs were key anammox genes detected in this system. This study clearly demonstrates a novel pre-anammox enhanced A-B process with an energy-efficient operation.

Environmental protection has become a pressing concern for numerous countries, with waste-to-waste strategies at the forefront. This study demonstrated the successful fabrication of bifunctional magnetic microspheres for arsenic remediation using waste iron sludge as precursor material. The synthesized material exhibited a monodisperse particle size distribution ranging from 300 to 500 mu m, with a saturation magnetization of 22 emu/ g ensuring efficient magnetic recovery. Maximum arsenic adsorption capacities of 21.99, 21.63, and 14.2 mg/g were observed at pH 5.7, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively, while stable adsorption performance persisted across a broad pH range (2-10).Kinetic analysis revealed close adherence to the pseudo-second-order model (R-2 > 0.99), complemented by Freundlich isotherm fitting suggesting multilayer adsorption. Notably, the 28.6 % reduction in zeta potential post-adsorption, coupled with enhanced adsorption capacity at elevated ionic strength, confirmed predominance of chemisorption processes through inner-sphere complexation mechanisms. Competitive adsorption experiments showed that carbonate, silicate, and phosphate ions substantially inhibited As(V) removal through ligand competition, while chloride, nitrate, and sulfate exhibited negligible effects. The material retained 76 % removal efficiency after 5 regeneration cycles, demonstrating remarkable environmental adaptability and engineering application potential. Consequently, MCMB emerged as an efficient adsorbent for arsenic removal.

A novel side-stream-enhanced biological phosphorus removal system was successfully operated for 203 days, with controlled influent carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (25.8), side-stream influent (20 %), and oxidation-reduction potential (-150 to - 300 mV). This system facilitated synergistic collaboration of Candidatus Accumulibacter, Dechloromonas, and side-stream fermentative microorganisms, without relying on Tetrasphaera. During two-stage operation, COD and PO43--P removal efficiencies increased from 73.7 % and 75.3 % to 83.2 % and 91.8 %, respectively. The system exhibited high biological activity, with peak phosphorus release of 49.3 mg·L-1, a 66 % increase from Phase I. Microbial analysis revealed the enrichment of Candidatus Accumulibacter (12.9 %) and Dechloromonas (6.2 %) in the mainstream reactor. Key genes and enzymes related to phosphorus removal were also enriched. Overall, the experiment achieved stable system operation, with Candidatus Accumulibacter and Dechloromonas effectively collaborating with fermentative microbes. Future research will focus on optimizing parameters and evaluating their potential for large-scale wastewater treatment applications to enhance stability and reduce costs.

Amide herbicides (AHs) disturbed urease (UA) activity and soil microbial community and caused soil nutrient changes. Activity of UA was inhibited by AHs via groups of chlorine, benzene ring, and peptide bond (-N-/-CO-). Differences of surface charge distribution were mainly derived from position to connected -Cl, distance of -O- from ether group and -N from peptide bond, difference of structure/length for hydrocarbon chain, and different regions of negative charge enrichment. Developmental toxicity for alachlor was strongest related to smaller structure and weaker steric hindrance effect; mutagenicity for propanil was weakest possibly related to missing ether group. Molecular mechanism and structural activity relationship for inhibition of AHs and UA were based on functional groups, amino acids with high frequency, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, binding area (BA) of butachlor (396.3 & Aring;2), absolute value of binding energy (|BE|) of propanil (2.93 kJ/mol; which was highest), and quantitative structural relationship between BA and |BE|, which was negative correlation. Binding area for AHs and UA had negative correlation for density with correlation coefficient (r) as -0.937 (p <= 0.01). Absolute value of binding energy for AHs and UA had positive correlation for density with r as 0.847 (p <= 0.05), and negative correlation for molecular weight with r as -0.973 (p <= 0.001). Results provided technological support and theoretical foundation for toxic effects of soil enzyme activity, health effects, risk regulation, and control of AHs.

Ammonia-oxidizing activity of different ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammoxs), were investigated by adding the inhibitors such as 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, octyne, and KCLO3 in biofilm systems with different salinities. It was found that the ammonia-oxidizing activity of all AOMs gradually decreased with increasing salinity. The ammonia-oxidizing activity of AOB was consistently higher than those of AOA and comammox at different salinities. Moreover, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were more sensitive to changes in salinity than AOMs. Metagenomic analysis revealed that nitrifiers were detected at high level, with the AOB Nitrosomonas sp. comprising 24.9 % and the NOB Nitrospira sp. comprising 47.2 % of all nitrifiers. The main functional genes involved in the nitrification reaction were amoABC, hao, and nxrAB. This study demonstrates that higher abundance of functional microorganisms and genes is related to the ammoniaoxidizing activity and ammonia removal contribution rate.

To achieve highly efficient and energy-saving wastewater treatment, a novel process involving a pre-anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic nitrification sequencing batch reactor (pre-A2NSBR) was developed herein. Further, this process was used to treat mainstream wastewater, and the functional microorganisms in the process were regulated. The results showed that the dual sludge denitrification and phosphorus removal system achieved simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, demonstrating a good treatment effect. After 300 days of operation, the system achieved chemical oxygen demand, PO4 3--P, NH4 +-N, and total inorganic nitrogen removal rates of 85.3%, 91.2%, 99.2%, and 70.5%, respectively, resulting in average effluent concentrations of 29.9, 0.7, 0.5, and 12.4 mgL-1, respectively. Microbial analysis showed that the main functional microorganisms of the nitrification sequencing batch reactor (NSBR) were Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira, with relative abundances of 13.6% and 15.7%, respectively. The main functional microorganisms of the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor (A2SBR) were Dechloromonas, Candidatus Accumulibacter, and Thauera, with relative abundances of 21.8%, 1.8%, and 6.2%, respectively. The proportion of the nitrification-related enzyme nxrA and the phosphorus-related enzyme ppk1 increased significantly, which was the main reason for the good nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the pre-A2NSBR system. The above-mentioned results demonstrate that the novel pre-A2NSBR process is a promising technique for energy-efficient wastewater treatment.

Carbon emissions from wastewater treatment processes have primarily been studied in urban settings, while research on carbon emissions from rural wastewater treatment remains limited due to the challenges presented by rural environment. The current study aims at addressing this gap by providing scientific evidence for greenhouse gas reduction strategies in rural wastewater treatment, with a focus on the anoxic-anaerobic-oxic membrane bioreactor process. Data from 18 rural wastewater treatment stations in Qingdao, China, collected over a 22-month period, were analyzed. The total carbon emissions were estimated at 1.7 x 106 kg CO2-eq. Direct carbon emission intensity ranged from 0.33 to 0.96 kg CO2-eq/m3 (mean: 0.58 kg CO2-eq/m3), while indirect emissions ranged from 2.62 to 7.2 kg CO2-eq/m3 (mean: 3.78 kg CO2-eq/m3). A carbon footprint assessment based on 1 m3 of treated wastewater provided values between 3.05 and 7.73 kg CO2-eq/m3, with an average of 4.36 kg CO2-eq/m3. Direct emissions accounted for 13.69 % of total emissions, whereas indirect emissions, primarily from electricity consumption, contributed 86.31 %. Correlation analysis revealed that influent chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen were positively correlated with the carbon footprint, while treated wastewater volume and design capacity exhibited a negative correlation. This study emphasizes reducing electricity and chemical consumption and adopting energy-efficient, low-carbon technologies as key strategies to mitigate carbon emissions during rural wastewater treatment.

A total of 30 bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrogen removal performance of Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS), Activated Sludge (AS), and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) systems under different salinity conditions. Under non-saline conditions, the IFAS system exhibited the highest nitrogen removal efficiency, achieving an ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal rate of 89.2 % within the first 420 min of nitrification, with an average ammonia oxidation rate of 6.2 mg/(L & sdot;h). As salinity increased, the inhibitory effect on nitrogen removal intensified across all three systems. At low salinity, notable nitrite nitrogen (NOS--N) accumulation was observed, with accumulation rates of 50.7 %, 47.9 %, and 20.1 % in the IFAS, AS, and MBBR systems, respectively, at a salinity of 8 g/L. nder high salinity (32 g/L), nitrogen removal was severely inhibited, with NH4+-N removal rates dropping to 19.8 % (IFAS), 5.2 % (AS), and 1.4 % (MBBR). During the gradual increase in salinity, the IFAS system consistently exhibited the highest NH4+-N removal efficiency and demonstrated the best pollutant removal performance under short-term salinity shock. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexota, and Bacteroidota were dominant at the phylum level, with notable genus-level differences, especially in Dechloromonas and Nitrospira abundances. Both AS and MBBR systems were sourced from the same section of a wastewater treatment plant and configured according to their respective characteristics. AS and MBBR each enriched different dominant functional microorganisms, while IFAS combined both, consistently achieving the highest nitrogen removal performance. This advantage may also explain its superior resistance to short-term salinity shock.

Ammonia oxidation is the core step of the global nitrogen cycle and the rate-limiting step of the nitrification process. Microorganisms involved in the ammonia oxidation process are categorized as aerobic or anaerobic. Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) include traditional ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). AOA can adapt to extreme and poor nutrient environments; comammox can independently complete the entire ammonia oxidation process from NH4+ -N to NO3--N; and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria efficiently convert ammonia and NO2--N into N2, releasing energy under anoxic conditions through unique metabolic pathways. This paper reviews the discovery, classification, ecological distribution, metabolism and environment adaptability of AOMs, as well as their contribution to the nitrogen cycle. Additionally, the metabolic diversity and ecological significance of AOA and the emerging microbial group, comammox, are discussed. Finally, the controversies (such as the specific mechanisms of different ammonia oxidation pathways) and knowledge gaps (including the environmental drivers of AOMs) are summarized for the existing research. This review aims to support an in-depth understanding of the ecological functions of AOMs and their potential applications in environmental systems.

Combining natural polymer starch with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) can reduce the aggregation of MNPs and enhance their adsorption capacity and stability. Iron sludge from a de-ironing water plant and starch were employed as basic ingredients in this study. Bare magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and starch-coated magnetite nanocomposites (ST2-MNPs) were synthesized by a "green" co-precipitation method for the removal of lowconcentration As(V) solutions. TEM, XPS, FTIR, XRD, VSM, BET, and TGA techniques were used to examine the physicochemical properties of the synthesized ST2-MNPs. TEM verified that the magnetite nanoparticles in the composites were evenly distributed. The ST2-MNPs (5.26 nm) possessed a smaller average particle size than MNPs (6.24 nm). And VSM confirmed their remarkable magnetic properties. The starch-to-iron-sludge ratio was optimized and the influence of adsorbent dosage, pH, and co-existing anions on As(V) adsorption were studied. The acquired arsenate adsorption data were found to be consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 23.04 mg/g for MNPs and 42.88 mg/g for ST2-MNPs. This shows that the active sites on MNPs and ST2-MNPs are energetically homogenous, and that the addition of starch coating significantly increases magnetite's adsorption capacity for As(V). The adsorption kinetics follow a Pseudo-secondorder kinetic model, indicating chemisorption between As(V) and ST2-MNPs. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of As(V) by ST2-MNPs including chemical adsorption and electrostatic attraction was determined through in-depth discussion of characterization methods and adsorption experiments. This study offers references for the removal of As(V) and the resourceful application of backwash iron sludge.

Selective adsorption of arsenic in co-existing oxyanions competition systems remains a significant challenge in water treatment due to the limitations of adsorbent materials that often overlook competitive adsorption, resulting in an overestimation of their actual purification potential for target contaminants. In this study, a novel hydrogel bead adsorbent, composed of water treatment residuals (WTRs) and chitosan (Chi), was developed to selectively remove arsenic, while minimizing the interference from phosphate, which is the strongest and most representative competitor in multi-oxyanion systems. The WTRs-Chi beads (WCB) adsorbents were optimized by adjusting the ratios of WTRs:Chi, with characterization results indicating that increased WTR doping improved the degree of crosslinking and the formation of bidentate complexes with enhanced electrostatic selectivity. Importantly, the co-existence of phosphate had minimal adverse effects on arsenic removal compared to other reported adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity for As (V) in the binary system was 34.12 mg/g, and the adsorption behavior was fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the extended Langmuir isotherm model. The experimental results, supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), revealed that both As (V) and P (V) adsorption in the single system were driven by electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange. However, in the binary system, the inhibition of P (V) adsorption was attributed to competitive desorption caused by electrostatic repulsion, which hindered the formation of inner-sphere complexes. This study provides a practical approach for developing selective adsorbents to address arsenic contamination in complex water environments and promotes the recycling of municipal solid waste.

In this study, we demonstrated the effective acquisition of magnetic iron oxide (MIO) for As(V) adsorption by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste iron sludge from the water treatment plant under a confined environment without adding extra chemical reagents. The operating temperature and time in the pyrolysis process were optimized to improve the yield of MIO and its As(V) adsorption capacity. MIO500-2(500 °C, 2 h) had both relatively high yield and arsenic adsorption efficiency, which was characterized by XRD and XPS as mainly γ-Fe2O3 with small particle size (100-900 nm), significant mesopore (12.43 nm), high specific surface area (65.25 m2/g), and effective saturation magnetization intensity (14.45 emu/g). The maximum adsorption capacity was 14.2 ± 0.4 mg/g, and the removal rate could still reach about 80 % after five times of adsorbent regeneration. Considering this facile preparation route and its high yield, large-scale production of MIO from waste iron sludge is feasible, which is expected to provide a low-cost and efficient adsorbent for the treatment of arsenic-containing water in less economically developed areas.

Assessing the adsorption competition between arsenate (As(V)) and phosphate (P(V)) is crucial due to their coexistence in water. This paper studied the competitive adsorption processes of As(V) and P(V) on magnetic iron-based alginate-chitosan beads by beaker experiments, simultaneously using XRD and FTIR techniques for characterization. In the single system, both As(V) and P(V) adsorption on M-IACBs followed the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorption capacities of 14.2 ± 0.4 mg g−1 and 18.5 ± 0.4 mg g−1, respectively. In the binary system, the competitive adsorption of As(V) and P(V) is a multilevel heterogeneous process well evaluated by the extended Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models. When loaded simultaneously, the adsorption of As(V) was more significant than that of P(V) (2.72 mg g−1 vs. 1.71 mg g−1). The desorption of P(V) was favored over As(V) during sequential loading, and the adsorption of P(V) was more influenced by pH compared to As(V). The adsorption affinity of the composites follows the order: As(V) < P(V) (for the single system) and As(V) > P(V) (for the binary system). Finally, changes in arsenic species were studied under anoxic aqueous solutions and oxygen-enriched air. In aqueous solutions, As(V) is reduced to the more toxic and mobile As(III) by Fe(II), and As(III) exhibits desorption-readsorption behavior. In oxygen-enriched air, As(V) undergoes electron transfer with Fe(II) and O2, resulting in the appearance of As(III), which can also be oxidized back to As(V). This study provides an objective and critical evaluation of the data regarding the use of Fe-based adsorbents in removing As(V), offering novel insights for designing such adsorbents.

Denitrifying ammonium oxidation (DEAMOX) technology was applied to improve nitrogen removal from real low-carbon/nitrogen domestic wastewater in an anoxic/oxic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (A/O-SBBR) system. The system consisted of an anoxic SBBR (An-SBBR) and an oxic nitrification SBBR (N-SBBR). The system was operated in A/O mode for 240 days and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria were added into An-SBBR on day 160. Excellent nitrification performance was achieved in the N-SBBR with the NH4+-N removal efficiency of 98.01%, and nitrifiers were enriched with a proportion of 3.44%. DEAMOX was achieved in the An-SBBR with nitrite accumulation and ammonia loss. After adding anammox bacteria, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency improved from 50.78% to 72.30%. Thauera and candidatus_Brocadia were detected with the proportions of 13.75% and 0.53%, respectively, which were strongly related to partial denitrification and anammox.

Phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs), which harbor metabolic mechanisms for phosphorus removal, are widely applied in wastewater treatment. Recently, novel PAOs and phosphorus removal metabolic pathways have been identified and studied. Specifically, Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera can remove phosphorus via the denitrifying phosphorus removal and fermentation phosphorus removal pathways, respectively. As the main PAOs in biological phosphorus removal systems, the conventional PAO Candidatus Accumulibacter and the novel PAOs Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera are thoroughly discussed in this paper, with a specific focus on their phosphorus removal metabolic mechanisms, process applications, community abundance and influencing factors. Dechloromonas can achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an anoxic environment through the denitrifying phosphorus removal metabolic pathway, which can further reduce carbon source requirements and aeration energy consumption. The metabolic pathways of Tetrasphaera are diverse, with phosphorus removal occurring in conjunction with macromolecular organics degradation through anaerobic fermentation. A collaborative oxic phosphorus removal pathway between Tetrasphaera and Ca. Accumulibacter, or a collaborative anoxic denitrifying phosphorus removal pathway between Tetrasphaera and Dechloromonas are future development directions for biological phosphorus removal technologies, which can further reduce carbon source and energy consumption while achieving enhanced phosphorus removal.

Post-anoxic endogenous denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal was applied in an anaerobic/oxic/ anoxic (AOA) system for the treatment of actual domestic sewage with a low carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N = 4.0). Biofilm fillers were added to the oxic zone to enrich nitrifiers and side-stream sludge fermentation (SSF) was set up to accumulate fermentative phosphorus accumulating organisms and produce an internal carbon source. The system achieved a high removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (85.47 %), NH4+-N (97.91 %), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) (89.62 %) and PO43--P (94.70 %). The system effectively stored sufficient carbon source through side-stream fermentation and anaerobic storage, nitrification and phosphorus uptake was conducted in the oxic zone, while endogenous denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal was performed in the post-anoxic zone, allowing deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal to be achieved without supplementation with an additional carbon source. Microbial structure analysis indicated that the system was enriched with functional microorganisms such as Nitrospira (1.36 %), Candidatus_competibacter (2.08 %), Dechloromonas (2.13 %), and Tetrasphaera (2.13 %). Multi-pathway collaborative nitrogen and phosphorus removal were effectively achieved using this system.

Magnetic alginate-chitosan porous beads based on iron (Fe) sludge (M-ACFBs) were prepared by waterworks iron sludge, sodium alginate, chitosan, and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles were also synthesized using waterworks iron sludge through the co-precipitation method. In addition, a double gel network of sodium alginate and chitosan was constructed to improve the pH stability of the beads. At the same time, iron sludge served as the functional body for As(V) adsorption. The beads have uniform bead size (similar to 2 mm), high specific surface area (115.4 m(2)/g), distinguished mesopores (5.7 nm in size), and strong saturation magnetization (similar to 15.0 emu/g). The ratio of magnetic nanoparticles to iron sludge was optimized, and the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, and coexisting ions on As(V) adsorption effect were studied. Also, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms are thoroughly discussed. The adsorption mechanism of M-ACFBs on As(V) is concluded as ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction, and the maximum adsorption capacity is as high as 14.2 +/- 0.4 mg/g. It is found that magnetite (Fe3O4) can form a maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) layer in an oxygen-rich environment, and at the surface of this gamma-Fe2O3 layer, Fe(II), O-2, and As(V) undergo complex redox reactions, leading to the appearance of As(III), which leads to a challenge for the disposal of arsenic-loaded adsorbents. This study provides a reference pathway for the resource utilization of backwash iron sludge and As(V) removal from water.

The problem of environmental pollution caused by the abuse of antibiotics has received increasing attention. However, only in recent years have antibiotic pollution and its risk assessment to the environment been deeply studied. Although there has been a large number of reports about the input, occurrence, destination, and influence of antibiotics in the past 10 years, systemic knowledge of antibiotics in the groundwater environment is still lacking. This review systematically expounds the sources, migration and transformation, pollution status, and potential risks to the ecological environment of antibiotics in groundwater systems, by integrating 10 years of existing research results. The results showed that 47 kinds of antibiotics in four categories, mainly sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones, have been detected; antibiotics in groundwater species will induce the production of resistance genes and cause ecological harm. In view of the entire process of antibiotics entering groundwater, the current antibiotic control methods at various levels are listed, including the control of the discharge of antibiotics at source, the removal of antibiotics in water treatment plants, and the treatment of existing antibiotic contamination in groundwater. Additionally, the future research direction of antibiotics in groundwater is pointed out, and suggestions and prospects for antibiotic control are put forward.

Phosphate removal from water relies mainly on the effective adsorbent. Iron-loaded magnetic alginate-chitosan double-gel interpenetrated porous beads (M-IACBs) were prepared from waterworks iron sludge, magnetic nanoparticles, sodium alginate, and chitosan where magnetic nanoparticles were also synthesized from iron sludge. The interpenetrating network constructed by sodium alginate and chitosan improves the stability of the beads, while iron sludge acts as the main functional body for phosphate adsorption. M-IACBs with uniform size (similar to 2 mm) and strong saturation magnetization intensity (similar to 15.0 emu/g) maintain good stability in the pH range of 4-8. They have good selectivity for phosphate in the presence of competing ions. The phosphate adsorption by the beads followed the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption was dominated by monolayer adsorption, and the fitting yielded a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 18.5 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model better agrees with the experimental data. The adsorption properties of iron sludge and beads were compared. Granulation was found to enhance the availability of the adsorbent but slow down the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanisms of phosphate are ligand exchange and electrostatic attraction. This study provides a reference pathway for phosphate removal and resource utilization of iron sludge in waterworks.

根据民政部"2015年中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设项目"的问卷调查数据,通过对比分析和ELES模型,对农民工家庭消费结构特点以及各项消费需求的满足状况进行了分析.研究发现,恩格尔定律对解释农民工家庭消费结构有局限性,在农民工家庭消费安排中,生存消费被压缩,发展消费投入高,形成了"以发展为导向的基本生活消费低度满足"的消费模式.这种消费模式被概括为"节俭-发展"型消费模式,其基本特征是"省吃俭用图发展",饮食支出"低水平-低比例",住房、教育、医疗支出"高水平-高比例",衣食住行用等基本物质和服务消费水平低,满足程度低,消费需求有待释放;转移性支出和教育支出水平高、占比高、满足程度高,边际支出倾向也比较高;医疗支出呈现过高的特点.这种消费模式导致农民工家庭基本物质生活相对贫困化,根本原因在于农民工的社会保障和基本公共服务不足,发展需求缺乏社会政策支持.由此建议通过各种发展性社会政策支持其发展需求,并以此建立健全缓解其相对贫困的长期机制.