Objective To investigate the expression of proline hydroxylase 2 ( PHD2 ) in the proliferatine membrane of proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) and its relationship with PDR. Methods A prospective controlled clinical study was designed. The study included 8 PDR patients undergoing vitrectomy,8 PDR patients receiving intravitreal injection of lucentis before vitrectomy,and 8 idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane ( IMEM) patients without diabetes undergoing vitrectomy for in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People ' s Hospital which served as PDR group,lucentis group and control group,respectively proliferative membrane was obtained during the vitrectomy surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for histologic observation, immunofluorescence was used to examine the expression of PHD2,vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM 1/CD31). The fluorescence intensities of PHD2,VEGF and GFAP in proliferative membrane were compared among different groups. This study followed the Helsinki declaration and was approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital (No. 20160603). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before entering the study. Results The morphology of PDR proliferative membrane was diversity, which consist of neovascularization, fibroblast-like cells, macrophages,neutrophils and lymphocytes,etc. The IMEM morphology proliferative membrane was mainly comsist of glial cells,with a small amount of fiber cells and macrophages. The membrane of lucentis group was observed with vascular atrophy and few fibroblast-like cells, vascular endothelial cells. PHD2, VEGF, GFAP and CD31 were all strongly positive expressed and co-expressed in the proliferative membrane of PDR. Besides,the glial cells aggregated in the film of non-perfused region,and the expression of GFAP in this area was obviously stronger than that in the well-perfused region;PHD2, VEGF, GFAP and CD31 were all weakly expressed in the proliferative membrane of lucentis group. Only in cell area,the expression of PHD2,VEGF and GFAP were weak in proliferative membrane. The fluorescence intensity of PHD2, VEGF and GFAP in proliferative membrane of control group were significantly different among the groups (all at P<0. 001),and the fluorescence intensities of PHD2,VEGF and GFAP were significantly increased in the hyperplasia membrane of PDR group compared with those in lucentis group and control group (all at P<0. 001). Conclusions PHD2,VEGF,GFAP and CD31 are all strongly expressed in the proliferative membrane of PDR. Lucentis can obviously decrease PHD2 expression. There may be pathways between VEGF and PHD2. Weak expression of PHD2 in IMEM membrane indicates that PHD2 is involved in the formation of IMEM.

Background Proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a degrading enzyme of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) and can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin that promote hypoxia-induced blood vessel generation.Baicalein is an inhibitor of PHD2.Understanding the inhibitory effects of baicalein on overexpression of PHD2 in hypoxia-induced retinal glial cells is helpful for elucidating the pathogenesis of the ocular nevascular diseases.Objective This study aimed to observe the expression change of PHD2 in hypoxia-induced retinal glial cells and explore the inhibition of baicalein on PHD2.Methods The study protocol was approved by Experimental Animal Ethic Committee.Retinal glial cells were isolated from SPF neonatal SD rats (within 48 hours) and primarily cultured in DEME by explant cell culture.Cultured cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein.The cells were divided into normal control group,CoCl2 group and CoCl2 +baicalein group.The cells in the normal control group were cultured in the conventional medium,and 200 μmol/L CoCl2 was added in the medium to establish the hypoxia cell models in the CoCl2 group,and 200 μmol/L CoCl2 and 50 μmol/L baicalein were added in the medium in the CoCl2 + baicalein group.The proliferation (absorbancy) of the cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The expression of PHD2 and VEGF in the cells was detected and located using immunofluorescence staining.The expressions of PHD2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA and their proteins in the cells were assayed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot,respectively.Resnlts The proliferation (absorbancy) of the cells was significantly different among the groups (F=132.05,P=0.00),and the absorbancy was considerably increased in the CoCl2 group compared with normal control group and CoCl2 + baicalein group,with significant differences between the groups (both at P＜ 0.01).Immunofluorescence staining showed that the PHD2 and VEGF were weakly expressed in the cells of the normal control group,and the expression intensity was high in the CoCl2 group.The expression intensities of PHD2 and VEGF in the cells were weakened in the CoCl2 +baicalein group compared with those of the CoCl2 group.The relative expression levels of PHD2 mRNA were 0.366±0.034,0.894 ± 0.015 and 0.445 ± 0.017 and those of PHD2 protein were 131.27 ± 2.61,140.12 ± 4.29,133.14±2.11;those of VEGF mRNA were 1.346 ± 0.008,3.465 ± 0.048 and 2.264 ± 0.073 and those of VEGF protein were 532.25 ± 19.92,601.13 ± 10.21,537.34 ± 5.96 in the normal control group,CoCl2 group and CoCl2 + baicalein group,showing significant differences among the three groups (PHD2:F =905.89,43.18,both at P＜0.01.VEGF:F=27.13,185.79,both at P ＜ 0.01),and the relative expression levels of PHD2 and VEGF mRNA and protein in the CoCl2 group were higher than those in the normal control group and CoCl2 +baicalein group (all at P＜ 0.01).Conclusions Hypoxia stimulates the proliferation of retinal glial cells and increase the expression of PHD2 and VEGF.Baicalein can effectively inhibit the overexpression of PHD2 and VEGF in retinal glial cells and proliferation of retinal glial cells induced by hypoxia.PHD2 is a potential provention and treatment target of hypoxiainduced retinal neovascularization.

AIM: To observe the expression of proline hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) in the retina of diabetic rats and investigate the relationship between PHD2 and relevant intraocular vascular proliferation factors.METHODS: Sixty male specific pathogen free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups: the diabetic group and the control group. The rats in the diabetic group were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg (0.60 mL/100 g) of streptozotocin to induce a diabetic rat model. The rats in the control group were injected with an equal volume of sodium citrate buffer solution by the same method. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immumofluorescence (IF) method were adopted to observe the pathological changes of retinal tissues and the expression of PHD2, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by 8wk. RT-PCR method was applied to detect the expressions of mRNA of PHD2, VEGF and GFAP. The relationship between PHD2 and other vascular proliferation factors was analyzed.RESULTS: HE staining showed that there was the retinal tissue edema in the diabetic group, and the arrangement was in disorder, and proliferation could be seen. IF staining: in the retina of normal rats, PHD2 was not expressed, GFAP and VEGF were mainly expressed in astrocytes; while in the diabetic rats, PHD2, GFAP and VEGF staining showed strong positivity in all retinal layers, mainly in neurogliocytes. PHD2 was co-expressed with VEGF and GFAP. The mRNA expression levels of PHD2, GFAP and VEGF in the diabetic group were obviously higher than that in the control group, respectively 1.83 times, 1.75 times and 2.08 times. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The high expression of PHD2 in the retina of early-stage diabetic rats might result from secretion of neurogliocytes induced by local high concentration blood glucose, thus promoting the expression of VEGF and GFAP. PHD2 plays an important role during the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To compare the outcomes of 1.8 mm coaxial microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with ultra-thin IOL implants compared to 3.0 mm small incision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with foldable IOL implantion.Methods In a prospective controlled study,68 cases of glaucoma and cataract were selected at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital between October 2011 and October 2013.All patients were randomly divided into two groups.In the small incision group,34 patients underwent 3.0 mm coaxial microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with foldable IOL implantation; for the microincision group,34 patients underwent 1.8 mm small incision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with ultra-thin IOL implantation.All cases were followed up at 1 week,1 month and 3 months.Visual acuity,corneal endothelial cell density,surgically induced astigmatism,intraocular pressure,filtering bleb and complications were evaluated.A t-test,repeat measured ANOVA and Pearson's chi-square test were used to determine statistical differences between the two samples.Results At 1 week postoperatively,visual acuity tended to be better in the microincision group and the difference was significant (x2=7.114,P＜0.05).At 1 month and 3 months postoperatively,the difference in corrected visual acuity between the 2 groups was statistically significant (x2=8.053,10.532,P＜0.05).At 1 week postoperatively,there was a significant difference in corneal endothelial cell density between the 2 groups (t=10.254,P＜0.05).This was also true at 1 and 3 months (t=7.291,9.334,P＜0.05).At 1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively,there was a significant difference in surgically induced astigmatism between the 2 groups (t=9.112,10.732,16.014,P＜0.05).IOP decreased after surgery (F=55.934,69.063,P＜0.01) but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.There was also no significant difference in blebs between the 2 groups (x2=0.031,P＞0.05).No iris injury,posterior capsule rupture or anterior chamber bleeding was found in either group.Conclusion 1.8 mm coaxial microincision phacoemulsification-trabeculectomy with ultra-thin IOL implants can effectively reduce surgically induced astigmatism and is effective,safe,and convenient for treating glaucoma and cataract.

Objective To investigate the Xilin Gol League,Inner West Ujimqin weather resistance droplet keratopathy (CDK) incidence with age,gender,ethnicity,relationship of the living environment,as well as the prevalence of.Methods A total of 1327 cases from 16 survey points using cluster random sampling method of Inner Mongolia Xilin Gol League Xiwuqi were collected and examined by slip lamp biomicroscopy.Corneal changes were recorded using camera.The survey of the relevant factors was performed.Results The survey population found 310 CDK patients,and the prevalence rate was 23.36％,males 23.97％,females 22.67％.The prevalence of male and female had no statistically significant difference (P ＞0.05).Prevalence with age was positively correlated with the people over age of 40 (34.20％),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).As of ethnicity,Mongolian accounted for 26.78％,while Han for 20.52％,the difference had no statistically significant difference (P ＞0.05).The nomadic population prevalence rate of 46.10％,non-nomadic population prevalence rate of 8.99％,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Climatic droplet keratopathy is the common ocular surface disease in Ujimqin Banner,Xilin Gol League,Inner West nomadic groups,the incidence is significantly higher than the non-nomads.Age,grazing time and lifestyle is a major risk factor for the region CDK.

Objective To compare the effects of treatment for patients with senile cataracts performed either by stop-and-chop or cross method 1.8 mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification.Methods This was a retrospective case-control study.Forty-two senile cataract patients (42 eyes) were randomly divided into 2 groups.The stop-and-chop technique group:21 patients with senile cataracts (21 eyes) underwent stop-and-chop 1.8 mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification technique and were implanted with intraocular lenses (IOLs).The cross-method group:21 patients with senile cataracts (21 eyes) underwent 1.8 mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification with the cross-method and were implanted with IOLs.Effective phacoemulsification time (EPT),the average energy (AVE),visual acuity and corneal endothelial densities were noted.Results The differences in AVE and EPT between the 2 groups were statistically significant (t=3.958,3.175,P＜0.01).The difference in visual acuity on the first postoperative day was statistically significant (t=3.976,P＜0.01).The differences in visual acuity at 1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively were not statistically significant (t=0.496,0.176,0.216,P＞0.05).The differences in corneal endothelial densities at 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months postoperatively were statistically significant (t=8.653,6.076,2.202,2.133,P＜0.01).Conclusion Stop-and-chop 1.8 mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification can reduce the energy and time during the surgical procedure with less impact on corneal endothelial cells and fast visual acuity recovery.The risks of the operation are reduced in the treatment of patients with senile cataract.

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes,which has become one of the leading causes of blindness.Neovascularization is the main pathological manifestations of DR,but its mechanism is unknown.There is a clear need to investigate its pathogenesis which can offer potential therapeutic targets.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and distribution of visfatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic model rats.Methods This study was approved by Animal Ethic Committee of Inner Mongolia Medical University.Sixty SPF 8-week-old male SpragueDawley rats were randomized into the diabetic group and control group.The rats were housed under a condition that alternated between 12 hours of light and darkness,with free access to rat food and water.Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg (0.60 ml/100 g) of streptozotocin (STZ) and control rats received equivalent volume of buffer.The models were regarded as successful when blood glucose was ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.Rats were sacrificed 12 weeks after the injection of STZ and retinal specimens were prepared to detect the expression of visfatin and VEGF.Total retinal protein was isolated from the retinas of experimental and control eyes,and the expression of visfatin and VEGF was assessed by Western blot.Frozen cross sections of retinas of 5 μm thickness were used to perform double immunofluorescence staining with anti-visfatin and anti-VEGF antibodies.Results Mean body weight of the diabetic rats was (189.02±11.34) g and that of the control rats was (489.57 ± 14.48) g at 12 weeks post-injection,showing a significant difference between them (t =5.236,P =0.003).Mean blood glucose level was (29.25±3.86) mmol/L in the diabetic group and (5.32±1.01) mmol/L in the control group,demonstrating a significant difference (t =11.778,P =0.000).Double immunofluorescence staining showed reduced expression of visfatin and VEGF in the retinal nerve fibrous layer and glial cells in the control rats.A stronger staining for visfatin and VEGF was found in the various layers of the retina in the diabetic rats,with an expression level of visfatin (A value) of 346.26±41.23,which was considerably higher than that of the control group (102.07±65.01) (t =8.291,P =0.000) in 12 weeks after injection.Furthermore,the expression of VEGF in the retina was elevated in the diabetic group compared with the control group (A value) (415.88±92.15 vs.113.06±32.06) (t=10.067,P=0.000).Conclusions Visfatin might contribute to the pathologic progression of diabetic retinal,neovascularization and it might play a synergistic role with VEGF in the pathophysiology of DR.

Background Research showed that the morbidity rate of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) in Mongolian population is 3.02 times more than Han nationality population.To understand the cause and mechanism of PACG in Mongolia is of an important significance.Objective This study was to investigate the pathogenesis of Mongolian PACG.Methods Thirty-two eyes of 32 PACG patients in Mongolia and 40 eyes of 40 PACG patients of Han peoples were included in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital according to the diagnosis criteria of glaucoma group of Chinese Medical Ophthalmology Association (version 1987),and 13 eyes of 13 normal Mongolia and 17 eyes of 17 normal Han peoples who suffered with ocular truma were recruited as controls.Intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured before surgery.The trabecular meshwork tissue was obtained from all the eyes during the operation.Annexinv-FITC/PI double staining was performed and the apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was tested with flow cytometry.Written informed consent was obtained initial of the study.Results The IOP value in Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mengolia normal group and Han normal group was (35.97±7.11)mmHg,(38.70± 6.82) mmHg,(14.69 ± 2.91) mmHg and (13.59 ± 2.91) mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups(F=106.144,P=0.000),and the IOP was significantly higher in the Mengolia PACG group and Han PACG group than the normal groups(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (7.14±0.67)％,(5.40±0.69) ％,(5.86±0.91) ％ and(2.29±0.65) ％ in the Mongolia PACG group,Han PACG group,Mongolia normal group and Han normal group,respectively,with a significant difference among them (F =174.888,P =0.000),and apoptosis rate of the Mongolia PACG group was significantly higher than that of the Han PACG group and the Mongolia normal group (P＜0.05).No significant difference was found between the Mongolia PACG group and the Han PACG group or between the Mongolia normal group and Han normal group (P＞0.05).The cell apoptosis rate was increased with the elevation of IOP (b =0.990,F=10.209,P =0.009) with the regression equition Y =2.788 +0.092X.Conclusions The apoptosis rate of trabecula cells in Mongolian is higher than Han people.If these results are associated with the high incidence of Mengolia PACG is worth of study.

Background With the development of phacoemulsification surgery,the minimization of the size of the incision in order to reduce the damaging of eye tissue and postoperative complications becomes a focus.Objective This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of coaxial phacoemulsification type cataract surgery through a 1.8 mm microincision with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with age-related cataract.Methods Informed consent was obtained from each patient at the beginning of this study.A serial case observation study was designed.Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients with age-related cataract were enrolled in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People' s Hospital from April 2012 to May 2012,including 8 eyes of grade Ⅱ hard nucleus cataract,16 eyes of grade Ⅲ hard nucleus cataract and 8 eyes of grade Ⅳ hard nucleus cataract.Ocular axial length was measured by an A-mode ultrasonic apparatus,and IOL diopter was calculated using the SRK-Ⅱ formula.Under ocular surface anesthesia,a 1.8 mm clear corneal tunnel incision was made at the 10-11 o' clock position,and then an auxiliary incision was made at the 2 o' clock position.The opaque lens was extracted by routine phacoemulsification.An Akreos MI60 IOL was implanted through the 1.8 mm incision.The time and level of ultrasonic power required for phacoemulsification,postoperative visual acuity and incidence of postoperative complication were assessed.Postoperative examinations were scheduled at 1 day,1 week and 1 month after the surgery.Results All the operations proceeded smoothly.The mean phaco-time was (7.0±3.6) seconds and the mean ultrasonic power level was (15.3 ±6.1)％ among the different grades of cataract groups.The number of eyes presenting an uncorrected distance visual acuity of ≥ 0.5 was 18 (56.25％),28 (87.50％) and 30 (93.75％) 1 day,1 week and 1 month after surgery,respectively.The number of eyes with a best corrected distance visual acuity of ≥ 0.5 and 0.8 were 31(96.88％) and 26 (81.25％),respectively,1 month after surgery.Negligible changes were detected in the anterior chamber depths,and no thermal damage was found at the incision during the operation.Conclusions Coaxial phacoemulsification and IOL implantation through a 1.8 mm microincision is safe and effective.Thorough planning and precise execution are necessary.

Background Cataract is a leading blinding eye disease,and the prevalence of cataract varies in different regions. Objective The present study was to investigate the incidence of cataract,surgical coverage rate of cataract and postoperative visual acuity,and to propose a strategy for blindness prevention in Chifeng Keshiketengqi. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey of research.A random cluster sampling method was performed in 12 populated areas in Keshiketengqi.Inhabitants over 50 years in the region were included in this survey.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Inner Mongolia People' s Hospital.Informed consents were obtained orally from all the subjects.Disease history,visual acuity,intraocular pressure and regular ophthamological examinations were performed.The inclusion criteria of a pilot study and detailed protocol were employed to calculate the incidence rate of cataract.The questionnaire survey was simultaneously adopted to analyze the cataract-related factors.The surgical coverage rate of cataract in this area was calculated. Results In a total 4234 inhabitants,3826 subjects participated in the survey with a response rate of 90.36％.Cataract was found in 1200 participants with an incidence rate of 31.39％.Age,the female gender and illiteracy were identified as risk factors for cataract (x2 =101.005,P =0.000 ;x2 =58.853,P =0.000 ;x2 =12.037,P =0.007 ).The prevalence rates of cataract were 36.98％ and 33.56％ for illiterates and women,respectively.The incidence rate in the Mongol population was significantly higher than that of the Han population ( 34.83％ vs.29.76％ ) (x2 =9.734,P =0.001 ).The cataract surgery rate increased yearly since 1998.When the vision acuity of the fellow eye was ＜0.1,the surgery coverage rate was 20.60％,but the rates were lower in female,illiterates and the Mongol population (x2 =1.993,P =0.038 ;x2 =16.463,P =0.044 ;x2 =8.523,P =0.029).When a pinhole visual acuity of ＜0.05 was determined as the criteria of blindness,the surgical coverage rate was 28.36％.The cataract surgical coverage rates for Han and Mongolian were 30.67％ and 24.53％,respectively,with a significant difference between them (x2 =12.951,P=0.000).The social burden rate was 3.34％ in this area,with a majority of females,illiterates and the Mongol population ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusions In agricultural and pastoral areas of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,the ≥50 years old population has a high rate of cataract blindness and low surgery coverage rate.Surgery is still the preferred way for cataract treatment.

Objective To compare the effect of an aspheric versus spherical intraocular lens (IOL) on the optical quality of high myopia patients with complicated cataract IOL implantation.Methods In a retrospective study,46 patients (46 eyes) were randomly selected to undergo phacoemulsification and implanted with either aspheric IOLs (test group,23 eyes) or spherical IOLs (control group,23 eyes).BCVA,contrast sensitivity and total higher order wavefront aberrations were assessed 3 months after cataract surgery.Results The difference in BCVA between the two groups was not significant.In an examination of contrast sensitivity under nighttime and nighttime with periglare conditions,patients implanted with aspheric IOLs performed significantly better than patients with spherical IOLs (P＜0.05).For a 5.0 mm optical zone,there was a significant reduction in spherical aberrations,RMS4,RMS5,RMS6 and RMSh in eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs (P＜0.05).Conclusion This study shows that the optical quality of high myopia and cataractous eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs is significantly better than that with spherical IOLs.

In recent years the ant colony clustering methods have emerged as a new kind of data mining schemes. The research of ant colony clustering methods is also an important direction for swarm intelligence. Today these methods have been deeply investigated and most of them show good performance. This paper will give an analysis of ant colony clustering methods from the perspective of models, algorithms and applications. First we introduce two important ant colony models: “foraging model” and “piling model”, by which most ant colony clustering methods are inspired. Based on these two models, we present a survey on main ant colony clustering algorithms. Meanwhile, a classified summary of applications is given. We finally discuss our opinions on future research about ant colony clustering methods.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Chinese Mongolia primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), the basis for the clinical treatment of Chinese Mongolia primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) .Methods This study contained four groups: Mongolia PACG, Han nationality PACG, normal Mongolia and normal Han nationality. The NO concentration in serum and aqueous humor was detected by nitric acid reductase method; the apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was measured with flow cytometry; the trabecular tissue was observed and photographed by electron-microscopy; the anterior chamber structure was examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy in all four groups. Results (1) The NO concentration in serum and aqueous humor was not significant difference in all four groups.(2) The apoptosis rate of trabecula cells was significant difference between Mongolia and Han nationality. (3) The micro-structure of trabecular tissue of Mongolia was different from Han nationality.(4) The anterior chamber structure of normal Mongolia was different from Han nationality, and had characters such as: a smaller corneal diameter, shallow anterior chamber, thick and forward lens with significant differences. Conclusions The high rate of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) of Mongolia is related with abnormal anterior chamber structure, the high apoptosis rate of trabecula cells and change of the micro-structure of trabecular tissue and many other factors, among which abnormal anterior segment structure is the high risk factors of occurrence of Chinese Mongolia primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Objective To discuss the effect of scleral-pool forming trabeculectomy on angle-closure glaucoma by ultrasound biomicroscopy and to find a perfect anti-glaucoma surgery procedure.Methods Forty cases (40eyes) of primary angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (20eyes) was performed Scleral-pool forming trabeculectomy while control group (20eyes) was performed trabeculectomy. To observe postoperational visual acuity, intraocular pressure, complications, the anterior chamber angle pattern before and after surgery, and postoperational filtration blebs and filtration passage by ultrasound biomicroscopy from postoperational 7D to 6M.Results In follow-up survey, there was statistical significant differences (P<0.05) in the intraocular pressure, conjunctival filtrating bleb appearance and condition of suprascleral aqueous lake between experimental group and control group in the postoperational 3M and 6M respectively.There were no statistical significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative of ACD, AOD500, TIA, TCPD, ID1 (P>0.05).Moreover, postoperational visual acuity and complications were observed in both groups without significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusions Scleral-pool forming tra-beculoectomy can effectively assure aqueous out flow, keep opening of filtration passage and low the intraocular pressure.It has less postoperative complications.It has the values of clinical wider application.

An efficient universal designated verifier signature(UDVS) scheme against delegation attack was developed to resolve the delegation attack problem of UDVS scheme.The scheme's security was based on the intractability of q-strong Diffie-Hellman problem.The scheme is proved to be unforgeable,non-transferable and non-delegatable in the random oracle model.Compared with existing schemes, the proposed scheme has obvious advantages in standard signing,public verification,simulation of verifier and designation verification,which needs less pairing computation without using inefficient MapToPoint Hash function.