Environmental pollution and energy crises have accelerated the development of rice straw-based cellulosic ethanol. However, ferulic acid (FA) which predominantly acts as a fermentation inhibitor produced by alkaline pretreatment processes of rice straw feedstock may substantially compromise bioethanol production efficiency. In this study, a novel molecularly imprinted adsorbent (AEPA250@MIPs) was synthesized using enzymatic hydrolysis residue as a matrix to selectively separate FA. Density Functional Theory (DFT) identified 2-MEA as the optimal functional monomer. AEPA250@MIPs exhibited excellent selective adsorption performance, with a distribution coefficient (Kd) exceeding 2.67 in competitive adsorption experiments, representing a significant improvement compared to conventional adsorbents. In simulated fermentation systems, AEPA250@MIPs achieves a 16.6% enhancement in ethanol production yield. Microporous diffusion, hydrogen bonding, and it-it interactions were identified as key mechanisms for selective adsorption. Compared to previous studies, AEPA250@MIPs achieved higher selectivity and reduced glucose loss. This work provides a promising solution to enhance alkaline hydrolysate detoxification and improves the efficiency of bioethanol production.

Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) are widely used plastic additives and are increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern due to their persistence and potential for long-range environmental transport. In this study, bird feathers collected from polar regions and China were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and profiles of BUVs. BUVs were detected in all studied regions, with detection frequencies varying among compounds (up to 89.2%) and concentration levels ranging from 9.64 to 52.68 ng/g ww for ΣBUVs. Among individual compounds, UV-329 exhibited the highest median concentration (up to 26.0 ng/g ww), followed by UV-326 and UV-327. BUVs were identified in Antarctic bird feathers, whereas previous biomonitoring studies based on other biological matrices reported non-detectable levels in Antarctic samples. This work also represents the first application of bird feathers to investigate BUV contamination across the Arctic, the Antarctic, and China. Differences in BUV profiles were observed across regions and species, but these patterns should be interpreted cautiously because sampling year, species ecology, and feather-specific processes may all influence feather concentrations. The results also support the use of bird feathers as a non-destructive biomonitoring matrix for monitoring BUV contamination in both remote and populated regions. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the sources, transport pathways, and ecological risks of BUVs.

In order to accurately assess the multi-temporal implementation of the River Chief System (RCS) policy, this study uses the Two-Stage Difference-in-Differences (DID2S) method to evaluates the influence of RCS on the water quality of Taihu Basin with the monthly data of the water quality class from 2007 to 2017. Empirical results show that the reform has not significantly improved the water quality of Taihu Basin. However, it has significantly improved the average annual compliance rate of water quality. The study further discusses the reasons from two perspectives. First, most water quality categories in functional water areas are gradually converging toward the Grade III water quality objective established by local governments. Second, the water quality development in some Water Functional Zones has become increasingly unbalanced. Areas with relatively easy-to-control pollution are gradually meeting standards, but in other areas where improvement is challenging, water quality continues to worsen. The study reveals the ‘policy distortions’ in the implementation of the RCS and provides data support for the subsequent improvement of the system.

Microplastics have now become an emerging contaminant with high concern in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Region. Here, the Kongsfjorden system in the Arctic has been investigated for abundance, distribution, and characteristic of microplastics in surface seawater. Eighteen samples were collected using an in-situ filtration sampling method, and then analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The average abundance of microplastics in surface seawater was 3.6 items m-3, with an abundance range of 0.0—10.0 items m-3. The highest abundance of microplastics was located adjacent to the eddy in Kongsfjorden, where a microplastic accumulation zone might have formed. Microplastics transported by ocean currents and those from local discharges might converge in this zone. Two sampling stations were set up at the wastewater treatment plant outfall, which showed an abundance range of 4.0—6.0 items m-3, slightly higher than the average abundance. Of the six polymer types identified, rayon, polyester and polyamide were the most common composition. Proportions in fiber form in surface water was 84.6%, and blue (28.2%) and transparent (25.6%) were predominant colors. Most microplastics (>90.0%) were less than 1mm in the longest dimension. This study provided important baseline data as well as a practical microplastic sampling method for polar marine environments.

Non-targeted analysis (NTA) has great potential to screen emerging contaminants in the environment, and some studies have conducted in-depth investigation on environmental samples. Here, we used a NTA workflow to identify emerging contaminants in used tire particle (TP) leachates, followed by quantitative prediction and toxicity assessment based on hazard scores. Tire particles were obtained from four different types of automobiles, representing the most common tires during daily transportation. With the instrumental analysis of TP leachates, a total of 244 positive and 104 negative molecular features were extracted from the mass data. After filtering by a specialized emerging contaminants list and matching by spectral databases, a total of 51 molecular features were tentatively identified as contaminants, including benzothiazole, hexaethylene glycol, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, etc. Given that these contaminants have different mass spectral responses in the mass spectrometry, models for predicting the response of contaminants were constructed based on machine learning algorithms, in this case random forest and artificial neural networks. After five-fold cross-validation, the random forest algorithm model had better prediction performance (MAECV = 0.12, Q2 = 0.90), and thus it was chosen to predict the contaminant concentrations. The prediction results showed that the contaminant at the highest concentration was benzothiazole, with 4,875 μg/L in the winter tire sample. In addition, the joint toxicity assessment of four types of tires was conducted in this study. According to different hazard levels, hazard scores increasing by a factor 10 were developed, and hazard scores of all the contaminants identified in each TP leachate were summed to obtain the total hazard score. All four tires were calculated to have relatively high risks, with winter tires having the highest total hazard score of 40,751. This study extended the application of NTA research and led to the direction of subsequent targeting studies on highly concentrated and toxic contaminants.

Non-targeted analysis (NTA) has great potential to screen emerging contaminants in the environment, but few studies have conducted in-depth investigation on real environmental samples. Here, we used a NTA workflow to identify emerging contaminants in after-use tire particle (TP) leachates, followed by quantitative prediction and toxicity assessment of identified compounds. Tire particles were obtained from four different types of automobiles, representing the most common tires during daily transportation. With the instrumental analysis of TP leachates, a total of 244 positive and 104 negative molecular features were extracted from the mass data. After filtering by a specialized emerging contaminants list and matching by spectral databases, a total of 51 molecular features were tentatively identified as contaminants, including benzothiazole, hexaethylene glycol, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, etc. Given that these contaminants have different mass spectral responses in the mass spectrometry, models for predicting the response of contaminants were constructed based on machine learning algorithms, in this case random forest and artificial neural networks. After five-fold cross-validation, the random forest algorithm model had better prediction performance (MAECV = 0.12, Q2 = 0.90), and thus it was chosen to predict the contaminant concentrations. The prediction results showed that the contaminant at the highest concentration was benzothiazole, with 4,875 μg/L in the winter tire sample. In addition, the joint toxicity assessment of four types of tires was conducted in this study. According to different hazard levels, hazard scores increasing by a factor 10 were developed, and hazard scores of all the contaminants identified in each TP leachate were summed to obtain the total hazard score. All four tires were calculated to have relatively high risks, with winter tires having the highest total hazard score of 40,751. This study extended the application of NTA research and led to the direction of subsequent targeting studies on highly concentrated and toxic contaminants.

We determined the levels of 52 organic pesticides (OPs), including 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 14 organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), 8 organic nitrogen pesticides (ONPs), and 13 pyrethroids (PYRs) for four types of contour feathers (breast, tail, back, and wings) from three species of migratory birds overwintering in the Tibetan Plateau. The studied species included the Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva), a long-distance migratory omnivore; common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), a mid-distance migratory omnivore; and bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), a short-distance migratory herbivore. The primary and emerging pollutants included malaoxon and paraoxon from the OPP group, and alachlor and metalaxyl from the ONP group, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the levels of OP from different types of feathers, suggesting the suitability of contour feathers for biomonitoring. Significant species-level differences were observed between the levels of OP, with common snipe > Pacific golden plover > bar-headed goose. Pesticide levels were generally higher for feathers from omnivorous species. Additionally, species with longer migration distances tended to have higher pesticide levels for feathers, indicating migratory birds could influence the global transport of pollutants.

The arctic region is a remote area with relatively few anthropogenic inputs, but there is increasing concern over toxic trace metal contamination in the Arctic Ocean. In this study, distribution characteristics of eight trace metals in the surface sediment of the Pacific Sector of the Arctic Ocean and Bering Strait are analyzed. The geochemical baseline value of each metal element is explored using the relative cumulative frequency curve method; the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) are applied to assess the ecological risk level of the trace metals. According to the results, Cu, As and Hg had a little more content variation, and their contents in some areas were significantly higher than the previous reports. EF values show an obvious enrichment of element As, followed by Cr element with the moderate enrichment; the enrichment of the other six elements are not related to human activity. The Igeo value shows a moderately contaminated to heavily contaminated level of As and a moderately contaminated level of Cr. According to the potential ecological risk indexes in each site, most sites are at a low ecological risk level except five sites with RI/baseline values exceeding 150 which are at a moderate ecological risk level.

目的 探究妊娠并发症住院患者与配偶的二元应对模式及其与夫妻双方焦虑症状的关系.方法 采用一般资料问卷、二元应对量表和状态焦虑问卷对197对妊娠并发症患者及配偶进行调查.结果 妊娠并发症住院患者及其配偶的二元应对可被划分为4个潜在类别:夫妻低应对组(23.9％)、夫妻一般应对组(45.2％)、患者高－ 配偶低应对组(8.1％)及夫妻高应对组(22.8％).分层logistic回归分析结果显示,控制了 一般资料后,夫妻低应对组患者焦虑症状阳性的风险是夫妻一般应对组患者的12.315倍,而夫妻高应对组配偶焦虑症状阳性的风险则较夫妻一般应对组配偶降低了 67.9％(均P＜0.05).结论 夫妻低应对组患者及配偶是需要早期筛查和重点关注的焦虑高风险人群,应制订和实施以夫妻为整体的干预措施.

目的 引进中文版孕期身体感受量表(BUMPs),并对其进行信效度检验.方法 遵循Brislin翻译-回译模式对英文版BUMPs进行翻译、回译及文化调适,形成中文版BUMPs.于2020年5月至2021年4月,采用方便抽样法,对946名妊娠期女性进行调查,评价量表信效度.结果 中文版BUMPs包括对体型的不满意、对超重的担忧和身体负荷3个维度,共14个条目.探索性因子分析结果显示,3个公因子的累计方差贡献率为58.89％.验证性因子分析支持3因子理论构念.总量表的Cronbach'sα 系数为0.841,重测信度为0.605.结论 中文版BUMPs具有良好的信效度,可用于评估我国妊娠期女性对其身体意象的感受.

Organic components of microplastic leachates were investigated in an integrated non-targeted analysis study that included statistical analysis on leachates generated under different leaching scenarios. Leaching experiments were undertaken with simulated gastric fluid (SGF), river water, and seawater with common polymer types, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester fabrics comprising both raw and recycled materials. Totals of 111.0 +/- 26.7, 98.5 +/- 20.3, and 53.5 +/- 4.7 different features were tentatively identified as compounds in SGF, freshwater, and seawater leachates, respectively, of which 5 compounds were confirmed by reference standards. The leaching capacities of the media were compared, and the clusters of structurally related features leached in the same medium were studied. For leachates generated from rawand recycled plastics, volcano plots and Pearson's Chi-squared testswere used to identify characteristic features. More characteristic features (3-20) had an average intensity across all recycled plastics that were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that (1-3) of raw plastics under different conditions. The results indicate that gastric solution is more likely to leach components from microplastics, and there exists the difference of leachate's organic composition between raw and recycled materials, providing new insights into understanding microplastic environmental effects. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

目的:探讨护士遭受工作场所心理暴力与共情能力的关系.方法:选取山东省4家三级甲等医院的护士 1954名,经过倾向性得分匹配后,1202名(601对)护士被纳入分析.采用自编一般资料问卷、工作场所心理暴力行为量表(WPVB)及杰弗逊共情量表(JSE-HP)进行调查,WPVB总条目平均分≥1分为心理暴力阳性.结果:护士工作场所心理暴力阳性检出率为31.3％,倾向性得分匹配后护士的JSE-HP得分为(104.4±19.2);阳性组护士的共情能力及各维度得分均低于阴性组(均P＜0.05).线性回归结果显示,工作场所心理暴力与JSE-HP总分及各维度得分负向关联(β=-0.37、-0.15、-0.36、-0.37).结论:护士遭受的工作场所心理暴力与共情能力关系密切,遭受工作场所心理暴力程度越高共情能力越低.

In order to provide a reference for improving the environment of deep-sea confined space and improving the comfort of the space environment, this study constructs a deep-sea confined space from four aspects: heat and ventilation environment, light environment, sound and vibration environment and comprehensive design according to the characteristics of deep-sea confined space environment. The environmental comfort evaluation index system has established a comprehensive index evaluation method, including index standardization, index weight determination based on entropy weight method, index comprehensive calculation and classification. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate and comprehensively evaluate the environmental comfort of a deep-sea confined space manipulation area (Area A), a residential area (Area B) and a dining area (Area C). The environmental comfort evaluation index system of deep-sea confined spaces is constructed from twelve dimensions, including temperature, ventilation, odor, humidity, noise, vibration, swing, lighting, color matching, space design, human factor design, and floor comfort. The research results put forward corresponding improvement suggestions for the environmental comfort of a certain deep-sea confined space manipulation area (Area A), living (B area) and dining area (C area).

目的 识别护士遭受来自同事的工作场所心理暴力的不同模式,并探讨护士不同心理暴力模式与职业倦怠的关系.方法 采用自编一般资料问卷、工作场所心理暴力行为量表及马氏职业倦怠量表对山东省1954名护士进行调查.结果 护士遭受的工作场所心理暴力可被划分为3种模式:工作中被孤立/职业地位被攻击型(C1,24.7％)、遭受高心理暴力型(C2,23.1％)和遭受低心理暴力型(C3,52.2％)."遭受高心理暴力型"护士发生职业倦怠的风险最高(OR=1.91,P<0.001),"工作中被孤立/职业地位被攻击型"护士次之(OR=4.64,P<0.001).结论 护士群体中可区分出工作中被孤立/职业地位被攻击型、遭受高心理暴力型和遭受低心理暴力型3种工作场所心理暴力模式,且工作中被孤立/职业地位被攻击型、遭受高心理暴力型护士发生职业倦怠的风险显著增高,可能是临床实践早期筛查和干预的高风险人群.

To assess the impact of human activities and other factors on the levels of highly toxic trace elements in the environment, the contents of eight highly toxic trace elements (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) in feathers of 15 bird species from the Prydz Bay region in the Antarctic, Ny-Alsund region in the Arctic, and eastern China were evaluated in this study. Results showed that feathers collected from the Antarctic showed the highest As, Cu, and Hg contents (1.65–2.85, 9.58–18.56, and 4.77–8.76 μg/g dw, respectively) of the different study areas, whereas Arctic feathers exhibited the highest mean Pb levels (1.82–3.19 μg/g dw), and feathers from China showed significantly lower accumulations of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn compared with the other two areas. Overall, most of the studied highly toxic trace element contents in bird feathers from the densely populated and polluted area of eastern China were lower than those from remote polar regions, which are negligibly affected by human activities. In addition, feathers from the Arctic did not show higher highly toxic trace element contents than those of the more remote Antarctic. These results are thus inferred to reflect differences in the dietary structure of birds in the different habitats, as well as historical climate change. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios of feathers were also measured to evaluate the relationship between diet and highly toxic trace elements. Results showed that highly toxic trace element contents did not increase with increasing trophic levels. Moreover, the methylmercury content accounted for 87.57%–98.59% of the total mercury in all feather samples, regardless of location and species, confirming that most of the mercury entering the feathers is methylated. This finding suggests that the form of mercury changes during the process of transference from internal tissues to feathers, which improves our understanding of the mechanism by which feathers excrete mercury, this behavior greatly reduces the harm to bird health caused by mercury. This study confirms that measuring contaminants in feathers is a long-term and effective method for monitoring highly toxic trace elements pollution in particular environments, making future monitoring of highly toxic trace elements pollution in the polar regions, as well as more typical environments, more convenient.

目的:探讨基于典型案例分析的项目式学习法在血液净化专科护士临床培训中的应用效果.方法:选取2018～2020年血液净化接受专科护理培训的103名专科护士作为研究对象,对其进行为期3个月的基于典型案例分析的项目式学习法培训,评价培训前后的效果.结果:培训后,护理人员的批判性思维特质量表(CCTDI)评分及自主学习能力评分均高于培训前(P<0.01);培训后,护理人员对教学满意度为100.00％.结论:将基于典型案例分析的项目式学习法应用于血液净化专科护士的临床培训中,可有效提高护理人员的自主学习能力、评判性思维,提高教学满意度.

目的:使用潜在类别分析识别高职护理专业学生中不同的情绪行为表现亚型,探讨其与童年期创伤的关系.方法:选取山东省某高职学校护理专业学生420名,采用童年期创伤问卷(CTQ)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版(DASS-21)和12-条目攻击问卷(12-AQ)进行调查.对负性情绪和攻击性行为进行潜在类别分析,使用多分类logistic回归分析探讨童年期创伤与情绪行为表现类型的关系.结果:识别出高攻击性高负性情绪组(类别Ⅰ,占15.7％)、高攻击性低负性情绪组(类别Ⅱ,21.4％)、低攻击性高负性情绪组(类别Ⅲ,9.5％)、低攻击性低负性情绪组(类别Ⅳ,53.3％)4个亚组.多分类lo-gistic 回归分析结果表明,情感忽视是类别Ⅰ和Ⅲ的独立风险因素(OR= 6.78、3.86).累积风险模型结果表明,随着童年期创伤数量的增加,学生进入类别Ⅰ的可能性增加(OR =2.45、7.86、37.28).结论:有童年期创伤经历,尤其是有情感忽视经历的高职护理专业学生,情绪行为问题的发生风险可能会增加.

随着北极快速升温和海冰储量迅速下降,北极航道的适航性已大幅提高.北极生态环境脆弱,北极海运活动增加对当地海洋生态系统的影响问题备受国际社会关注.海运对生态环境影响包括溢油、排污、噪声、引入外来物种以及船体对海洋哺乳动物的直接伤害等多种因素.本文对北极近年生态环境和航运活动现状和趋势进行概要分析,对影响航道生态环境的指标进行逐项分析,并结合层次分析法对影响指标的风险系数进行评估,显示风险系数最高的影响指标为废气排放、废水排放和燃油/有毒化学物质泄漏.在海运活动不断增强的背景下,未来应重点加强对污染防控技术的研发和应用.本文同时从可持续利用北极的角度,提出了北极航道利用需要同步推进的研发污染防控技术、构建生态功能区划、建立综合监测评价体系和加强穿极航道相关研究等建议.

在上海市社区分异和老龄化程度日趋加深的背景下,选取上海市6个不同类型的高密度且老龄化社区,基于网络分析法计算设施步行可达性的评价指标.研究发现:不同类型社区间存在明显的设施可达性差异,且与社区区位明显相关;不同类型的社区公共服务设施间亦存在明显的可达性差异;此外,问卷调研结果显示,不同社区居民对设施可达性的满意度存在差异,且在医疗、公园和地铁站三项设施上存在显著差异;部分社区公共服务设施的客观可达性水平与居民主观满意度之间存在明显的不匹配现象.

The photocatalyst can be used as additives to plastic to increase the degradability of plastic products. However, the performance of photocatalyst cannot be delayed resulting in the unstable performance of plastic products during their usage. Even though when the delay can be realized, there is no color changing to indicate whether the performance starts or not. This hinders the industrial application of photocatalytic technology in plastic degradation. In this study, a new type of composite photocatalyst, TiO2@amylose/polyiodide/hydroxyethyl cellulose (T@AIH), is elaborately designed with self-indicating delayed onset of performance. T@AIH is prepared via the wet chemistry method. The periods before and after onset are named stable stage and active stage, respectively. The T@AIH is blue at stable stage, and the color changes to white when the photocatalytic performance of T@AIH starts. The length for the stable stage and reaction rate for the active stage are tunable. The properties of T@AIH at different stages are characterized. The results suggest that efficient I-3(-)/I-5(-) interconversion of polyiodide in amylose helical pitch plays a key role in electron-hole recombination, resulting in the stable stage. High diffusivity of polyiodide in HEC plays a crucial role in initiating the active stage and making it happen simultaneously with color changing. The performance of sample T@A(0.1) on low density polyethylene (LDPE) degradation is tested. This study proposes a new photocatalyst to increase the degradability of plastic in a self-indicating and delayed-onset way for the first time.