Based on provincial panel data model,the public enterprises always share the increasing returns to scale,and lower rate of labor returns and less ability to create employment than other enterprises.On the contrary,other enterprises,represented by private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises,always share the constant returns to scale of production function and have the significantly higher employment elasticity,higher rate of labor returns and higher ability to create employment in contrast to public enterprises.Therefore,the further reform of state-owned enterprises will enable other enterprises to gain more space for development,which will in return do good to creating more jobs and mitigate the difficulty in employment.

中国农业剩余劳动力供给是否已经到达“刘易斯拐点”,是理论界激烈争议的热门话题.本文从农业剩余劳动力转移、农民工工资状况和人口抚养比变化三个方面对蔡昉先生提出的“刘易斯拐点”提出质疑.本文认为,目前中国农业剩余劳动力供给的“刘易斯拐点”尚未到来.