目的:建立牛奶中25种种兽药残留快速检测方法.方法:样品经乙腈震荡离心提取后,将提取液在-20℃冰箱放置3 h,使用C18、PSA净化材料萃取净化,纯水稀释净化液后,上机检测,外标法定量.结果:25种兽药的线性系数R均大于0.995,定量限范围为2.0-26μg/kg,回收率在75.1-125.3％之间.结论:该方法操作简便,结果准确,适用于牛奶中多兽药残留的快速检测分析.

目的:了解延庆区居民食用碘盐情况.方法:按照《全国碘缺乏病监测方案》的要求在延庆区抽取2592份食盐,食盐样品按GB13025.7-1999的要求使用直接滴定法测定碘含量,计算碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐使用率、非碘盐率.结果:2009年-2017年共监测食用盐2592份,平均碘盐覆盖率96.53％,平均碘盐合格率99.10％,平均合格碘盐食用率95.48％,平均非碘盐率2.8％.结论:延庆区仍存在非碘盐和不合格碘盐,建议相关部门继续加大碘盐市场监管力度.

[Objective] To understand the present situation and annual variation tendency of drinking water quality in in the northwest mountainous area of Beijing,provide scientific basis for improving water quality and ensuring the safety of water quality.[Methods] The monitoring data of drinking water from 2013-2015 were collected,to analyze the information of rural drinking water,secondary water supply and municipal pipe water.[Results] The total qualified rate in three years was 69.5％,and the qualified rate in 2015 significantly improved as compared with that in 2013 and 2014 (P＜0.05).The qualified rates of rural drinking water were all the lowest in the three years (31.5％,33.6％ and 38.3％).There was significant difference in the qualified rate of different indicators (P＜0.05),and the qualified rate of microbiological indicator was the lowest (73.0％).The qualified rate of dry season (65.8％) washigher than that of wet season (50.5％),and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The qualified rates of sensory indicators and general chemical indicators in dry season were higher than those in wet season,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).[Conclusion] There is large room to improve drinking water quality in the northwest mountainous area of Beijing,and rural drinking water should be especially supervised,so as to ensure the safety of water quality.

目的 掌握北京市延庆县重点人群(育龄妇女和孕妇)碘营养状况,为制定合理防治碘缺乏和碘过量引起的疾病提供科学依据.方法 在延庆县医院和社区中随机抽查20～40岁育龄期妇女205例,孕妇211例(缺失6例).依据《尿中碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法》对其尿碘水平进行检测.结果 测定孕妇205例,尿碘中位数为159.4 μg/L;育龄妇女205例,尿碘中位数为222.9 μg/L.孕妇与育龄妇女尿碘水平的总体分布差异无统计学意义.2组人群在不同级别碘营养水平的分布不同.2010-2013年孕妇和育龄妇女各年尿碘水平均,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 北京市延庆县育龄妇女和孕妇碘营养总体处于充足和适宜水平,但少数孕妇及育龄妇女均存在碘营养不合理现象,在妊娠期合理补碘及进行多次动态尿碘监测很有必要.

目的 了解北京市延庆县农村饮用水水质现状,为农村生活饮用水管理提供科学依据.方法 依据《2009年北京农村饮水水质卫生监测技术方案》在全县范围内随机选取65个集中式供水点,分别在枯水期、丰水期采集出厂水和末梢水进行水质监测.结果 影响延庆县农村饮用水水质的因素为微生物指标,枯水期水质合格率为33.3％,丰水期水质合格率为29.6％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.17,P＞0.05).出厂水、末梢水合格率均为31.5％.枯水期出厂水合格率为29.6％,末梢水合格率为37.0％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.33,P＞0.05).丰水期出厂水合格率为33.3％,末梢水合格率为25.9％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.36,P＞0.05).枯水期、丰水期微生物指标合格率均为33.3％.结论 延庆县农村饮用水卫生状况不容乐观,需进一步完善农村改水和对饮用水的消毒工作,有关部门应加强宣传和监测力度.

目的 了解北京市延庆县育龄妇女碘营养状况,为预防碘缺乏病提供依据.方法 随机抽取延庆县东、南、西、北、中5个方位所在的镇20～50岁的育龄妇女共609名,进行尿碘检测.结果 2010-2012年共采集延庆县609名育龄妇女尿样,尿碘中位数分别为255.9、320.5、252.3μg/L.尿碘值＜100 μg/L 27人,占4.4％;尿碘值＜50 μg/L 2人,占0.2％;已达到碘缺乏病消除标准.2010-2012年延庆县城镇、平原、山区育龄妇女尿碘中位数为303.2、269.2、184.8 μg/L,进行非参数Knlskal-wallis Test分析,P＜0.05,3组中位数差别有统计学意义.此次监测20～29、30～39、40～49共3个年龄组育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为276.4、280.4、231.5 μg/L;进行非参数Knlskal-wallis Test分析,P=0.50,因此尚不能认为3组中位数差别有统计学意义.结论 延庆县育龄妇女碘营养不足,在今后的碘缺乏病监测工作中,应继续加强育龄妇女的尿碘水平监测工作.

目的 了解北京市延庆县农村饮用水卫生状况,分析影响延庆县农村饮用水卫生质量的因素,为全县农村实施改水工作提供科学依据.方法 依据《2009年北京农村饮水水质卫生监测技术方案》随机选取65个集中式供水点,分别在枯水期、丰水期采集出厂水和末梢水进行水质监测.结果 枯、丰水期水质合格率均为43.8％,出厂水合格率为51.5％,末梢水合格率为36.2％,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.02,P＜0.05).结论 延庆县农村饮用水卫生状况不容乐观,需进一步完善农村改水工作,加强农村饮用水消毒工作,有关部门应加强宣传和监测力度.

[Objective]To analyze the monitoring results of iodized salt among rural residents in Yanqing County of Beijing City from 2008-2013,and obtain the information about salt iodization,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders and correct implementation of salt iodization interventions.[Methods]According to"National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program",monitoring of the iodine content of salt was performed in 9 towns of rural areas in Yanqing County. The iodine content of 1 740 salt samples were determined by direct titration method according to GB/T 13025. 7-1999. [Results] The coverage rate of iodized salt was 95. 80%,95. 50%,92. 00%,96. 90%,97. 22%,97. 67%,respectively from 2008 to 2013,without significant difference( P = 0. 1143 by fisher test). The qualified rate of iodized salt was not significantly different from 2008-2013(χ2= 5. 739,v = 5,P > 0. 05); while the coverage rate was significantly different between years(χ2= 15. 406,v = 5,P < 0. 05). The coverage rate was significantly different between 2010 and 2013(χ2= 9. 697,P < 0. 01).[Conclusion]The qualified rate of iodized salt has reached the national standard in Yanqing County,but there are still some residents who consume unqualified iodized salt. It is necessary to strengthen health education,to popularize scientific knowledge of iodine supplementation among residents,to strictly forbid illegal salt trade to avoid the attack on salt market and strengthen supervision and surveillance of iodized salt.

"解放思想,改革开放,凝聚力量,攻坚克难."这是引领山西省代县新高乡前进的旗帜,也是新高乡在新时期化解新矛盾,进一步创新社会管理模式的总纲领.旗帜引领发展,是新高乡创新社会管理模式探索的一盏航向灯.在它的指引下,新高乡创新社会管理模式实现了重点工作、重点领域的新突破,初步建立了"党委领导、政府负责、综治牵头、部门协同、公众参与"的社会管理工作新格局.

[Objective] To establish a method for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in milk and milk powder by ion chromatography with solid phase extraction.[Methods] Methanol-acetonitrile was used for extraction and centrifugation of the sample.Supernatant fluid was purified with C18 cartridge.The separation was carried out on IonPac AS 11—HC column.External standard method was used.[Results] Nitrite:the linear range was 0.02-0.20mg/L,correlation coefficient r = 0.999 5,the recoveries were 90.0-104.8%;RSD was 3.5%,the detection limit was 0.002 mg/kg(milk) and 0.006 mg/kg(milk powder).Nitrate:the linear range was 0.20-2.0mg/L,correlation coefficient r=0.999 4,the recoveries were 90.0-105.8%;RSD was 2.3%,the detection limit was 0.006 mg/kg(milk) and 0.03 mg/kg(milk powder).[Conclusion]This method is simple,fast,and suitable for the determination of nitrite and nitrate in milk and milk powder.

为了解延庆县饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水后地方性氟中毒流行现状,以指导全县地氟病防治工作,笔者于2008年6月采用随机抽样方法,在延庆地方性氟中毒重病区随机抽取3个村的63名8～12岁儿童和>16岁的664名村民为调查对象。用Dean氏法进行氟斑牙诊断,离子选择电极法测定水氟、尿氟。3个监测村的饮水氟含量都达到饮水卫生标准,8～12岁学龄儿童氟斑牙患病率为25.4%,尿氟几何均值为1.20mg/L,16岁以上村民的尿氟几何均值为1.39mg/L。饮水型氟中毒病区通过改水降氟后,改水病区8～12岁儿童的氟斑牙检出率、平均尿氟水平得到较好控制,改换水源是预防饮水型氟中毒病区最有效的方法。