A rice cyclase gene, OsCYL4b, identified as an alternative splice variant of the cyclase gene OsCYL4a, is involved in the regulation of drought stress and oxidative response. Compared with OsCYL4a, OsCYL4b lacks the second exon, which is located in the conserved motif 3, and may be a functionally important site. Our results suggested that OsCYL4b was responsive to multiple abiotic stresses,

食品类学科直接服务于乡村振兴产业一线.高素质复合型人才培养的质量对推动农产品产业链的发展具有重要意义.该文从新农科建设背景出发,分析了现阶段食品类专业建设体系中存在的主要问题,介绍了中南民族大学在新农科改革与实践项目实施中,面向新农民、新农村、新农业、新生态,以产业发展需求为导向推动的教育教学改革.构建了产业链与人才培养链结合的多学科融合教学体系,实现人才培养的多元化,探索了乡村振兴背景下食品类专业复合型人才培养的新路径.

orf290是本实验室从红莲型水稻细胞质雄性不育品种'粤泰A'(YTA)中克隆的一个与雄性不育相关的线粒体基因,前期通过膜蛋白酵母双杂交获得了 2个与ORF290互作的蛋白APX8和E37.为探讨ORF290与APX8和E37发生相互作用时对酿酒酵母NMY51生长的影响,本实验利用膜蛋白酵母双杂交DUAL mem-brane 系统,分别将诱饵蛋白和互作蛋白基因构建到pBT3-SUC-和pPR3-N-载体上,获得pBT3-SUC-orf290、pPR3-N-APX8 和 pPR3-N-E37 质粒,然后分别单转和共转(pBT3-SUC-orf290 与 pPR3-N-APX8,pBT3-SUC-orf290与pPR3-N-E37)酵母NMY51菌株.在RNA和蛋白水平分别证实相关基因在转化酵母中高效表达,并且相关蛋白以膜蛋白的形式存在.含不同质粒酵母生长曲线测定结果表明,宿主菌NMY51、单独转化pBT3-SUC-orf290、pPR3-N-APX8和pPR3-N-E37的NMY51酵母生长曲线相近,体内ATP含量无明显差异,而共表达ORF290与APX8或E37的酵母菌株的生长明显低于对照组,ATP含量也明显降低.这表明ORF290与APX8或E37互作后通过降低体内ATP水平导致酵母生长受到抑制.

The potential of medicinal plant extracts to control rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was investigated. We screened 48 extracts prepared from 8 medicinal plant species and identified 20 extracts with ≥ 10% inhibitory activity against M. oryzae. Among them, ethanol extract of Paris polyphylla, ethyl acetate extract of Phellodendron chinense, and n-butanol extract of Menispermum dauricum plants exhibited 100%, 70% and 50% inhibition of M. oryzae spore germination, respectively. In contrast, extracts from Swertia bimaculata, Nelumbo nucifera,

Leaf-color mutants in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are excellent models for studying chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. In this study, a yellow-green-leaf mutant generated by 60Co irradiation, ygl9311, was isolated: it displayed a yellow-green leaf phenotype during the complete growth cycle. Compared with the wild type, the photosynthetic pigment contents of leaves in ygl9311 were significantly reduced, and chloroplast development was retarded. Genetic analysis indicated that the ygl9311 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Map-based cloning and transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that the candidate gene was OsChlC1 (BGIOSGA012976), which encodes a Mg-chelatase I subunit. The results of CRISPR/Cas9 system and RNAi knockout tests show that mutation of OsChlC1 could reproduce the phenotype of yellow-green leaves of the mutant ygl9311. In conclusion, the novel rice leaf-color gene OsChlC1 affects the content of chlorophyll in rice, showing a relatively conserved function in indica and japonica rice cultivars.

为检测转sm-Ngt1基因株系后代的遗传稳定性,对连续2年种植的15个转sm-Ngt1基因T4代水稻株系进行了阳性鉴定,并以农业部要求的9对引物对转基因标记物进行检测,同时对其农艺性状进行了统计.结果显示,15个转基因株系中,编号1、3、5、7-9、11-15这11个转基因株系中含有sm-Ngt1基因,除编号8株系外,sm-Ngt1基因在其余10个株系中均能稳定遗传;在9对检测标记物引物中5对能扩增出特异性条带,其中3对引物(NOS-F1/NOS-R1、T35S-F1/T35S-R1、NPTF68/NPTR356)在所有转基因水稻株系后代中(T5、T6代)都能扩增出特异性条带,2对引物(35S-F1/35S-R1、HPTF226/HPTF69)检测结果与sm-Ngt1检测结果相同.结果表明编号1、3、5、7、9、11-15的10个转基因株系中含有35S启动的sm-Ngt1基因和HPT基因能稳定遗传,且这些转基因株系生育期、株高、结实率及千粒重与受体品种之间差异不显著.

在新农科背景下,创新创业能力培养仍然是涉农院校或涉农专业人才培养的短板.以中南民族大学涉农专业食品质量与安全专业为例,立足学校特色办学定位,面向民族区域资源与民族食品产业特色,围绕"两类型""三阶段""四联动"和"五在线",深化农科教融合、政校企联动,构建适应新农科建设和"三农"需求的创新创业人才培养体系,实现分类别、分层次个性化培养涉农专业大学生的实践能力、创新能力和就业能力.

为了解鄂西南地区稻瘟病菌AVR-Pia的分布和动态变化,于2017-2020年在鄂西南9个地点同时种植特定100个水稻品种,采集感病稻杆并分离稻瘟病菌;利用水稻单基因系IRBLa-A进行致病性鉴定,设计无毒基因AVR-Pia特异性引物进行PCR扩增和序列分析.结果表明2017-2020年分离保存的661株稻瘟病菌菌株中,有49株含有无毒基因AVR-Pia(占7.4％),不同年份及不同地点AVR-Pia出现频率差异明显,2017-2020年分别为7.5％、16.0％、3.1％、5.0％,AVR-Pia出现频率最高的是野三关(15.8％),其次是柏杨和来凤(都是14.6％),咸丰、建始和太平未出现.含Pia的单基因系IRBLa-A对其中91个菌株(13.8％)具有抗性.49个菌株能扩增出463 bp的特异性条带,序列分析发现其CDS区域未发现突变,起始密码子上游109 bp位点发生碱基突变G/T,该位点变异是否与表达相关有待进一步研究.说明鄂西南地区无毒基因AVR-Pia存在较少,抗性基因Pia不适合在鄂西南地区作为主效抗病基因来选择育种.

在立德树人的价值引领教育中,生命科学的知识体系是对学生进行生命价值观塑造的良好素材.理论体系中涉及的下列理念是应该贯彻的.人作为自然演化的最高等形式,在生命科学理论体系中应贯彻生命至上的理念;同时生物是自然演化的产物,应尊重生命的唯物主义的历史观,同时又需尊重人与自然的和谐共生、尊重现存生物个体的多样性,从而做到敬畏生命,敬畏自然.就生命本身而言,生命个体是复杂性和矛盾性的统一;科学思维的阶段性和螺旋式上升体现人类认识生命规律的创新性和批判性.生命科学理论体系所涉及的思政元素,为生命科学领域课程思政的实施提供了着力点和目标方向.新时代教师积极性、主动性、创造性的发挥和能力提升,是实现学生价值观引领的关键所在.

"普通遗传学"是生物学专业的核心课程,也是现代生物高科技的基础学科.在充分挖掘遗传学所涉及的思政元素的基础上,结合民族大学的办学特色,采取多种教学新模式,对学生进行专业知识和思想政治的融合教育.旨在实现专业教育和思政教育协同育人的目的,培养具有良好的道德情操、正确的"三观"、深厚的人文科学素养、扎实的专业基础等全面发展的人才.把"普通遗传学"课程打造成集社会主义核心价值观引领、基础知识传授和能力培养的综合课堂.

高校的立身之本在于立德树人,思政课是落实立德树人根本任务的关键,而课程思政则是对思政课程的进一步补充,在高校人才培养中起到非常重要的作用.作为理工科学院,如何在课程中融入思政元素,发挥课程的育人作用,提高培养学生的质量,是值得每一位教师毕生研究的课题.该文以"细胞生物学"课堂为例,探究在生物学科的教学工作中如何更好地融合课程思政.

Due to its unique natural conditions, the Wuling Mountain region is a key area of prevention and control of rice blast disease in China and an ideal area for investigation of its causal fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) research. A total of 237 M. oryzae isolates collected from the Wuling Mountain region in 2017–2018 were used for the study of genetic diversity and pathogenicity dynamics. A set of differential varieties (DVs), including 7 Chinese DVs, 12 Japanese DVs and 21 monogenic lines, were established, which differentiate the 237 isolates in this study into different physiological races. Cluster analysis of the combined molecular marker system (RAPD, REMAP, rep-PCR and the avirulence (Avr) gene) results showed that Baiyang and Jianshi had the greatest genetic diversity, which is consistent with the pathogenic results. The proportion of the two mating types was roughly equal each year; however, the dominance of the mating type between the two years was opposite. Furthermore, four isolates contained both mating types, which were assumed to be dual maters. Isolates with amplified bands of Avr genes (Avr-Pizt and Avr-Pita) and corresponding pathogenicity were selected for Sanger sequencing. The result showed that point mutations and small indels resulted in the loss of avirulence function, indicating that mutations are potential mechanism for the rich pathogenic and genetic diversity of M. oryzae in the Wuling Mountain region.

The identification and development of new cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines in higher plants is important for the preservation of grain security and the prevention of homogenization of hybrid rice. Molecular markers assisted selection (MAS) based on CMS-associated genes or mitochondrial-specific chimeric sequences are important for rapid and effective breeding of new CMS lines and hybrids. In our study, the distribution and allele variation of orfH79 and orf290 genes were characterized from 273 wild and cultivated rice in the AA genome species. Based on the alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, four accessions with orfH79 and three accessions with orf290 were screened. Four novel CMS lines carrying orfH79 haplotypes and three novel CMS lines carrying orf290 haplotypes were then developed using multiple backcross generations with a maintainer line under MAS. The breeding process used in our study provides an efficient and feasible approach for selecting new CMS lines. CMS lines selected in our study are important for enriching rice germplasm resources and guaranteeing rice breeding programs.

动物生理学是动物科学、动物医学和生物技术等专业的核心专业基础课程之一,具有丰富的课程内涵.该研究根据课程内容,挖掘其中蕴含的思政元素,以立德树人为导向,从教学内容、教学方法、考核机制等方面进行教学改革探索,力求培养各民族学生的科学思维、爱国情怀和民族自信,引导学生形成正确的人生观、价值观,以期为民族高等院校课程思政教学改革提供参考,并为培养国家需要的社会主义新时代的建设人才作贡献.

成果导向教育(Outcome based education,OBE)也称为结果导向教育、产出导向教育,将OBE理念应用于工程教育改革中,可促进新工科的建设和发展.该研究以工科食品质量与安全专业的《食品感官评定》课程为例,将OBE教育理念应用于该课程的教学内容优化、教学手段的丰富以及课堂教学方式的改革中,以全面提高学生的知识、能力、素养,提升学生就业核心竞争力.

为减轻传统有性杂交验证遗传基本规律的工作量以及把传统杂交试验与分子遗传学相结合,利用分子标记和性状共同验证分离及连锁遗传规律,从http://flybase.org/下载果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)Chr.2R DNA序列并设计引物,筛选长翅和残翅(Vg/vg)果蝇之间多态性连锁PCR标记,获得了2个与Vg/vg紧密连锁的侧翼PCR标记R15和R24,对长翅和残翅杂交后自交得到的F2代个体进行翅型观察统计的同时进行PCR分析.结果表明:自交F2代中Vg/vg、R15/r15分离符合3:1的分离比,R24/r24的分离符合1:2:1的分离比;Vg/vg与R15/r15的交换值为7.24％～8.42％,Vg/vg与R24/r24的交换值为22.82％～23.8％.

随着全球食品产业规模的扩大以及食品资源的不断开发,食品安全已成为广大人民群众关注的焦点.《食品安全控制学》是食品质量与安全专业的核心课程之一,该课程的教学效果关系到食品质量与安全专业学生的专业素质及就业前景.通过借鉴国外先进教学经验,改革现有教学方法,优化课堂教学模式,培养学生的自主学习能力和解决食品安全问题的国际视野,目的在于顺应社会和生物产业格局变化的要求,加强学生的科学研究基本技能和创新能力,提高学生就业的竞争力.

以巨峰葡萄为试验材料,分别使用浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0 mg/mL的鱼腥草提取液处理葡萄,通过失重率、维生素C含量、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量等指标的变化来评估鱼腥草提取物对巨峰葡萄保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,鱼腥草提取物处理可有效减缓葡萄在贮藏过程中水分、维生素C含量、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量的下降,减少了葡萄营养价值的流失,延长了其保质期.

[目的]研究Nicotiana sylvestris和Nicotiana attenuata这2种烟草中sm-Nvas同源基因分别在经水杨酸(SA) 、甲基茉莉酸(MeJA)及伤诱导后的表达情况. [方法]采用Trizol法提取经水杨酸、甲基茉莉酸及伤处理后的2种烟草叶片的总RNA,转录成cDNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测sm-Nvas同源基因的表达量并进行数据分析. [结果]通过对烟草叶片中sm-Nvas同源基因的表达量分析,结果表明水杨酸、甲基茉莉酸及伤处理能对sm-Nvas同源基因的表达起调控作用. [结论]用SA、MJA和伤处理Nicotiana sylvestris和Nicoti-ana attenuata烟草,发现sm-Nvas的表达量均有所增加.在处理8 h后其表达量发生了明显的变化,在12～16 h其表达量的增加达到峰值.这对研究烟草的sm-Nvas及其同源基因的功能奠定重要的基础.