在较低原药成本下,通过低容量喷雾评价了10种杀虫剂对玉米田草地贪夜蛾的防治效果.结果 表明,5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾防效分别为95.25％、93.95％;5％氯虫苯甲酰胺UL对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾防效分别为95.31％、95.94％;2％甲维·虫酰肼EC对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾防效分别为79.76％、91.69％;4％甲维·虱螨脲ME对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾防效分别为88.10％、93.34％,这4种药剂具有良好的保叶效果和防治草地贪夜蛾的效果.3.2％阿维菌素EC对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾的防效分别为36.48％、-13.17％;5.7％氟氯氰菊酯EC对玉米保叶效果与草地贪夜蛾防效分别为75.86％、-14.68％,这2种药剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫防治效果不理想.

无人机飞防省时、省力、高效,逐渐受到广大种植户的认可,市场需求不断增加.晚疫病是威胁番茄生产的重大毁灭性病害,如果防治不及时,会造成严重的减产和品质下降,目前生产上多采用常规大容量喷雾法防治,不仅费水费工,而且大水量提供了有利于病害暴发的高湿环境,防治效果往往不理想.本文以常规大容量喷雾处理作对照研究了植保无人飞机低容量喷施不同药液量和药剂量对番茄晚疫病防效的影响.研究结果表明:1)随着植保无人飞机施药液量的增加,其对晚疫病的防治效果显著增加,而药液量超过3 L/667 m2后,药效不再增加;施药液量2L/667m2时,植保无人飞机低容量喷雾效果与常规大容量喷雾(60L/667 m2)效果相当,而施药液量3L/667 m2时的防效显著好于常规大容量喷雾.2)植保无人飞机低容量喷雾在农药减量25％情况下,施药液量3L/667m2的处理与常规大容量喷雾的防治效果相当.试验结果明确,植保无人飞机低容量喷雾防治番茄晚疫病具有较强的可行性.

对0.1％噻虫胺·氯虫药肥混剂防治甘蔗螟虫和蓟马的效果进行试验.结果显示:0.1％噻虫胺·氯虫药肥对甘蔗螟虫和蓟马均有较好的效果,对螟虫的防效与剂量之间存在正相关,对蓟马的防效不同剂量的差异不显著.0.1％噻虫胺·氯虫药肥可用于防治甘蔗螟虫和蓟马,推荐用量为450 ga.i/ha,在甘蔗播种时直接撒施于植沟中,排蔗种后覆土.

在室内采用毒沙药膜法和毒土柱屏障法测定了丁硫克百威对台湾乳白蚁的触杀和驱避效果.结果表明,丁硫克百威药土在低浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性,处理土壤有效阻杀台湾乳白蚁的浓度为100 mg a.i.kg-1.该药值得进一步研究其残效期,以明确其用于防治农作物白蚁的可能性.

在室内采用毒沙药膜法和毒土柱屏障法测定了噻虫胺、甲氰菊酯对台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki的触杀和驱避药效.结果表明,噻虫胺、甲氰菊酯毒沙药膜对台湾乳白蚁的LC50分别为3.01mg a.i.L-1和9.43 mg a.i.L-1.噻虫胺在低于4.5 mg a.i.kg-1的药土浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性,处理土壤有效阻杀台湾乳白蚁的浓度为5.37 mg a.i.kg-1;甲氰菊酯药土在低于20.0 mga.i.kg-1的浓度下对台湾乳白蚁无明显驱避性或驱避性不明显,处理土壤有效驱避台湾乳白蚁的浓度为40.0 mg a.i.kg-1以上,表明噻虫胺是一种值得进一步研究的白蚁防治药剂.

A microsporidium strain,numbered as CmM1,was isolated from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The spore of CmM1 was oval in shape and(1.71±0.16) μm×(2.82±0.22) μm in size.CmM1 spore had two nuclei at all developmental phases of its life cycle and propagated in binary fission pattern.Its life cycle was about 120 h.It had positive coagulation reaction with the antiserum of Nosema bombycis(Nb).Its ultrastructure was binuclear and had 11 ~13 polar filament coils.These biological characters indicated that CmM1 had the basic taxonomic features of Nosema.The SSU rRNA sequences of CmM1 were amplified by PCR and sequenced for constructing phylogenetic tree and for analyzing its similarity and genetic distance with other microsporidian strains,which further confirmed that CmM1 belonged to the genus of Nosema,and had close relationship with Nosema bombycis.Thus,this microsporidian strain was temporarily named as Nosema sp.CmM1.CmM1 had a natural infection rate of 3.68% to 5.14% to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in paddy field.The 50% infectious concentration(IC50) of CmM1 to Bombyx mori was 1.16×104 mL-1,being 0.47 times to that of Nb.Its germinative infection rate to Bombyx mori was 2.86%,indicating that CmM1 is highly pathogenic and harmful to Bombyx mori.