To assess the association between serum vitamin D levels and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study included 469 patients who were retrospective assessed for eligibility from Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, between March 2013 and June 2020. A total of 191 T2DM patients were recruited and divided into 3 groups. A total of 191 patients were recruited. A significant difference was noted among groups for HbA1c (P < .001), serum uric acid (P = .048), and urea nitrogen (P = .043). The Vitamin D level in deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficient was 23.17, 38.89, and 63.01 nmol/L, respectively. The insufficient group had lower levels of percentage of normal-to-normal intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds, and the square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between adjacent normal-to-normal R peak-to-R-peak time intervals than the sufficient vitamin D group. Furthermore, patients in deficiency and insufficiency group were associated with high level of low frequency power/high frequency power as compared with sufficient vitamin D group. Finally, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were positively correlated with rMSSD (P = .002). This study found that low serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with reduced heart rate variability parameters in patients with T2DM.

ABSTRACT Objective There is currently no consensus regarding the optimal management of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) secondary to pyriform sinus fistula (PSF). To investigate the benefits and adverse events of aspiration with or without lavage for the treatment of AST secondary to PSF. Subjects and methods This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with AST secondary to PSF who were admitted at the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between August 2012 and December 2018. Clinical information, procedural data, and imaging data were analyzed. Results Seven patients (five women; mean age, 16.9 ± 6.3 years; range, 8-26 years) were included. The patients most presented with anterior neck pain and swelling (n = 7), fever (n = 7), or odynophagia (n = 5). Six cases of AST occurred on the left side of the thyroid and 1 on the right. All patients had thyroid abscess. AST was diagnosed by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration cytology in all cases. PSF was diagnosed during the inflammatory stage in five patients and during the quiescent stage in two. All patients were treated with empiric antibiotics. Needle aspiration without lavage was performed in three cases. Needle aspiration with lavage was performed in four cases. Repeat aspiration was performed in three cases. All patients recovered completely, with no procedure-related complications. During 18.3 ± 7.8 months of follow-up, AST recurred in one case. Excision of the PSF was performed in another case. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided aspiration with or without lavage had a good treatment effect and without adverse events for the management of AST secondary to PSF.