The use of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-targeting monoclonal antibodies has yielded promising therapeutic outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the identification of reliable biomarkers to guide patient selection for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy remains a critical need. The systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), a cost-effective and easily obtained measure of systemic inflammation and immunonutritional status, has been proposed as a potential prognostic indicator for this disease. We retrospectively analysed the data of 180 consecutive mCRC patients treated with ICIs from January 2017 to April 2024. The pretreatment SIRI was measured, and univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Internal validation of the predictive performance of the SIRI was conducted using bootstrap resampling (B = 2000 repetitions). An elevated pretreatment SIRI (≥ 1.44) was significantly associated with shorter PFS (median: 4.0 vs. 9.3 months; p = 0.002) and OS (median: 10.9 vs. 20.7 months; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that a high pretreatment SIRI was an independent adverse factor for PFS (HR = 2.0; 95

Background:The burden of cancer has been progressively increasing, with diet playing a key role in its development and progression. Previous studies on diet-related cancer burden mainly focused on individual factors or single cancer types. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze global trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with diet-related cancers from 1990 to 2021, predicting the burden up to 2035. Methods:Using bibliometric analysis and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, it examined mortality and DALY rates stratified by age, sex, cancer type, and region. Decomposition analysis assessed contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological transitions, while health inequalities were evaluated using inequality indices. Frontier analysis quantified gaps between current and minimum achievable burdens. Future trends for multiple tumors were projected using Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) modeling. Results:The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) for diet-related cancers declined from 12.24 (95% UI: 3.32 to 22.78) per 100,000 in 1990 to 7.90 (95% UI: 2.45 to 13.85) in 2021, and the age-standardized DALYs rate decreased from 302.48 (95% UI: 80.53 to 565.63) to 189.62 (95% UI: 57.13 to 335.37) per 100,000. In 2021, the highest ASDR were recorded in Central Europe, and the largest age-standardized DALYs rate were documented in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest disease burden was identified in high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. Colon and rectum cancers were most prominent, with high red meat intake as the leading dietary risk. We also found that a higher disease burden was observed in males compared to females, and the burden increased progressively with age. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth as the main driver of increasing burdens, partly offset by epidemiological changes. Health inequality driven by economic factors has decreased. BAPC modeling predicted a continued decline in the future burden of multiple cancers, except for breast cancer. Conclusion:While the burden of diet-related cancers is declining, challenges remain, particularly in older populations and higher SDI regions. Persistent health inequalities affect esophageal and stomach cancers. These findings can guide targeted strategies for prevention and control.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the nutritional status of individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer and compare the nutritional indicators and intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients. The findings aim to contribute to the early prevention of malnutrition and the development of interventions targeting the intestinal flora to treat esophageal cancer.MethodsAn 80-patient sample of hospitalized individuals with esophageal cancer was selected from the radiotherapy department of our hospital between July 2021 and July 2022 to evaluate NRS2002 scores and PG-SGA scores. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to examine the disparities in dietary nutrient intake, blood indicators, body composition, and fecal intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients with esophageal cancer. Additionally, we randomly selected 40 cases to predict and analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and malnutrition.ResultsThe incidence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer was 62.5% and 60%, respectively. The low intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in the malnutrition group was statistically significant compared to those in the non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). The albumin (ALB) level was lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was higher; these differences were also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The basal metabolic rate, phase angle, body cell mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and fat-free mass index in the malnutrition group all decreased compared to the non-malnutrition group. The extracellular water/total body water was higher than that in the non-malnutrition group, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal intestinal flora, there was no significant difference in α and β diversity between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups; at the genus level, significant differences were observed for Selimonas, Clostridioides, Dielma, Lactobacillus, and [Eubacterium]_siraeum_group. However, Dielma, Sellimonas, and Clostridioides were significantly lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while Anaerococcus, Atopobium, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the malnutrition group. Correlation analysis between different genera and clinical indicators showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with ALB, dietary energy, intracellular water/total body water (ICW/TBW), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body water (TBW), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat-free mass (FFM), Weight, body mass index (BMI) (r > 0, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with PG-SGA score, NRS2002 score, and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) (r < 0, P < 0.05). Based on PG-SGA, there was only a low accuracy for identifying nutrient deficiency (most areas under curve (AUC) values fell within 0.5 to 0.7, or even lower), with Lachnoclostridium's AUC being 0.688 (CI = 0.518–0.858) and Lactobacillus_salivarius_g_Lactobacillus's AUC being 0.257 (CI = 0.098–0.416). A KEGG functional analysis based on 16S data indicated potential differences affecting glucose metabolism pathways and the synthesis or division of DNA, influencing the onset, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionEsophageal cancer patients are more likely to be malnourished. The nutritional status of these patients is closely linked to the intake of carbohydrates and fiber, albumin levels, inflammation levels, and lean body mass. Furthermore, the patient's intestinal flora composition plays a significant role in their nutritional well-being. Consequently, modulating the intestinal flora holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for addressing malnutrition in esophageal cancer patients.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2100048141

Type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is an insoluble dietary fiber which could improve blood lipids in animals, but clinically robust evidence is still lacking. We performed a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Ce- RS3 on lipids in mild hyperlipidemia. One hundred and fifteen patients were included followed the recruitment criteria, and were randomly allocated to receive Ce- RS3 or placebo (native starch from Canna edulis) for 12 weeks (20g/day). In addition to serum lipids, complete blood counts, serum inflammatory factors, antioxidant indexes, and dietary survey, 16S rRNA sequencing technique was utilized to analyze the gut microbiota alterations. Targeted quantitative metabolomics (TQM) was used to detect metabolite changes. Compared with the placebo, Ce- RS3 significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, andincreased the glutathione peroxidase. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing, TQM, thecorrelation analysis, as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes and Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) analysis, we found that Ce- RS3 could increase the abundances of genera Faecalibacterium and Agathobacter, while reduce the abundances of genera norank_f_Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae_R-7_ group to regulate phenylalanine metabolism, which could reduce the fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation in the mitochondria to lower blood lipids. Conclusively, we firstlyconfirmed the feasibility of Ce-RS3 for clinical application, which presents a novel, effective therapy for the mild hyperlipidemia. (Chictr. org. cn. Clinical study on anti-mild hyperlipidemia of Canna edulis RS3 resistant starch, ID Number: ChiCTR2200062871).

目的:观察长期高强度训练条件下特种兵口服脂菌营养包联合电解质饮料对其疲劳的影响.方法:选择执行演训任务特种兵160人,随机分为4组,即对照组(Control)、电解质饮料组(DRINK)、脂菌营养包组(MCT组)和电解质饮料+脂菌营养包组(DRINK+MCT组),每组40人.每日三餐时服用干预物,连续服用12周,并分别于干预前后收集一般情况、疲劳评分、肌氧饱和度及血液等相关指标,比较各组间干预前后的差异.结果:共有154人完成研究,脱失率3.75％.DRINK组、MCT组和MCT+DRINK组在躯体疲劳评分以及总疲劳评分与对照组比均显著降低(P＜0.05);DRINK组、MCT组和MCT+DRINK组在21s和41s的肌氧饱和度较干预前均有显著提升(P＜0.01),其差值较对照组有显著差异(P＜0.05),MCT+DRINK组在81s的干预前后差值显著高于其余3组(P＜0.01);与对照组相比,DRINK组和MCT+DRINK组的血清尿酸(P＜0.05)、尿素氮(P＜0.01)和乳酸脱氢酶(P＜0.01)含量干预后降低更为显著,3个干预组的血清肌酐和肌酸激酶含量干预后降低更为显著(P＜0.01);干预后MCT+DRINK组的皮质醇含量下降较对照组更为显著(P＜0.05),睾酮/皮质醇比值显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:脂菌营养包和电解质饮料均改善高强度训练后的机体疲劳,两者联用效果更为显著.

Our previous studies have found that caprylic acid (C8:0) can improve blood lipids and reduce inflammation levels and may be related to the upregulation of the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathway by ABCA1. This study aims to investigate the effects of C8:0 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on lipids, inflammatory levels, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in ABCA1-deficient mice (ABCA1−/−) and ABCA1 knock-down (ABCA1-KD) RAW 264.7 cells. Twenty 6-week ABCA1−/− mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a high-fat diet, or a diet of 2% C8:0, 2% palmitic acid (C16:0) or 2% EPA for 8 weeks, respectively. The RAW 264.7 cells were divided into the control or control + LPS group, and the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells were divided into ABCA1-KD with LPS (LPS group), ABCA1-KD with LPS + C8:0 (C8:0 group), and ABCA1-KD with LPS + EPA (EPA group). Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory levels were measured, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Our results showed that serum lipid and inflammatory levels increased in ABCA1−/− mice (p < 0.05). After the intervention of different fatty acids in ABCA1−/− mice, TG and TNF-α were significantly lower, while MCP-1 increased significantly in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05); however, LDL-C, TC, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels decreased significantly and IL-10 increased significantly in the EPA group (p < 0.05). In the aorta of ABCA1−/− mice, C8:0 significantly decreased p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 mRNA, while EPA significantly reduced TLR4 and NF-κBp65 mRNA. In the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells, TNF-α and MCP-1 were increased significantly and IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05). The protein expressions of ABCA1 and p-JAK2 were significantly higher, and the NF-κBp65 was significantly lower in the C8:0 and EPA groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the C8:0 group, the NF-κBp65 protein expression was significantly lower in the EPA group (p < 0.05). Our study showed that EPA had better effects than C8:0 on inhibiting inflammation and improving blood lipids in the absence of ABCA1. C8:0 may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through upregulation of the ABCA1 and p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathways, while EPA may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through the TLR4/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway. The upregulation of the ABCA1 expression pathway by functional nutrients may provide research targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

The relationship between vitamin B levels and the development and progression of lung cancer remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the relationship between B vitamins and intrapulmonary lymph nodes as well as localized pleural metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This was a retrospective study including patients who underwent lung surgery for suspected NSCLC at our institution from January 2016 to December 2018. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between serum B vitamin levels and intrapulmonary lymph node and/or localized pleural metastases. Stratified analysis was performed according to different clinical characteristics and tumor types. A total of 1498 patients were included in the analyses. Serum vitamin B-6 levels showed a positive association with intrapulmonary metastasis in a multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio (OR) of 1.016, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.002-1.031, p = 0.021). After multivariable adjustment, we found a high risk of intrapulmonary metastasis in patients with high serum vitamin B-6 levels (fourth quartile (Q4) vs. Q1, OR of 1.676, 95%CI of 1.092 to 2.574, p = 0.018, p for trend of 0.030). Stratified analyses showed that the positive association between serum vitamin B-6 and lymph node metastasis appeared to be stronger in females, current smokers, current drinkers, and those with a family history of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, a tumor of 1-3 cm in diameter, or a solitary tumor. Even though serum vitamin B-6 levels were associated with preoperative NSCLC upstaging, B-6 did not qualify as a useful biomarker due to weak association and wide confidence intervals. Thus, it would be appropriate to prospectively investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B-6 levels and lung cancer further.

目的 探究血清维生素水平与肺癌临床病理及其他因素的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2020年9月至2022年5月于某大型综合三甲医院549例住院肺结节/肺占位患者的临床资料.比较良恶性肺结节患者及不同病理类型肺癌患者的血清维生素水平的差异,采用logistic回归分析评估血清维生素水平与不同病理类型肺癌发生风险的相关性.采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析.根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验、Wilcoxon检验及 χ2检验.结果 本研究共纳入因体检发现肺结节或肺占位住院患者549例.其中由病理及临床诊断良性肺结节29例(5.3％),小细胞肺癌(SCLC)56例(10.2％),非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)464例(84.5％).与良性肺结节相比,肺癌患者血清维生素A、维生素B1、维生素C及维生素D水平显著降低(均P<0.01).所有肺癌患者中,女性肺癌患者血清维生素A和维生素C水平显著降低(均P<0.01).与NSCLC患者相比,SCLC患者血清维生素B2和维生素D水平显著降低(均P<0.05);在NSCLC中,相较于鳞癌患者,腺癌患者血清维生素C显著降低(P<0.05);相较于早期(Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期),NSCLC中晚期(Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期)患者血清维生素A、维生素B2及维生素D显著降低(均P<0.05).Logistic回归分析得出,血清维生素A缺乏(OR=0.220,95％CI 0.126～0.385;P<0.001)、维生素B1缺乏(OR=0.963,95％CI 0.938～0.988;P=0.004)可作为肺癌发生的独立危险因素;血清维生素A缺乏(OR=2.433,95％CI 1.007～5.878;P=0.048)、维生素B2缺乏(OR=1.780,95％CI 1.115～2.843;P=0.016)可作为SCLC发生的独立危险因素;血清维生素C缺乏(OR=0.932,95％CI 0.889～0.977;P=0.004)、维生素D缺乏(OR=0.967,95％CI 0.948～0.986;P<0.001)可作为NSCLC中晚期发生的独立危险因素.结论 肺癌住院患者普遍存在维生素缺乏,血清维生素指标或可作为肺癌发生及进展的独立危险因素.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Adverse environmental factors in tunnels increase the occurrence of respiratory and intestinal inflammatory disease, which is seriously harmful to worker health. It is reported that medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) can improve immune status and alter the gut microflora. This study investigates MCT effects on immune status and gut microbiota among tunnel workers.METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN:Forty-five workers were randomly divided into an MCT group (n=30) and control group (n=15), where they ingested MCT-milk or a placebo milk for 12 weeks, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of respiratory infection and diarrhea. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum immune-related markers and changes in gut microbiota.RESULTS:The incidence of diarrhea in MCT group was significantly decreased after 4 weeks (p<0.01), with no significant differences in the control group. MCT reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6) and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, C3, C4, IgA, IgG, and IgM), respectively (p<0.01). The Chao index was reduced (p<0.01) and microbiota composition changed significantly after 12 weeks of MCT intervention. MCT reduced the abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia, Ruminococcus_1, Lachnospira and increased that of Blautia and Fusicatenibacter at the genus level (p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS:The consumption of MCT reduces diarrhea occurrence and improves serum immune profiles together with gut microbiomics in tunnel workers.

目的 探讨APP/PS1小鼠血脂与β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)、Tau蛋白表达水平的相关性及中链脂肪酸(MCFA)的干预作用,为MCFA防治阿尔兹海默症(AD)的相关机制提供理论依据.方法 将17只4周龄APP/PS1转基因小鼠随机分为中链脂肪酸组(MCFA组,9只)和长链脂肪酸组(LCFA组,8只),同窝阴性野生型小鼠9只作为野生型小鼠(WT)组.MCFA组和LCFA组小鼠用不同脂肪酸配制饲料连续喂养至36周龄,检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Aβ 前体蛋白(APP)、Aβ 及Tau蛋白表达水平.采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行数据分析.采用t检验进行计量资料组间比较.采用Pearson相关分析血脂与Aβ、Tau蛋白表达水平之间的相关性.结果 MCFA组小鼠TC、TG水平,大脑皮层和海马组织Aβ及Tau蛋白表达均明显低于LCFA组(P<0.01).相关性分析结果显示,TG与皮层组织Aβ蛋白表达水平呈正相关(r=0.399;P<0.05);而TC则与皮层和海马组织Aβ蛋白表达水平均呈显著正相关(r=0.715,0.748;P<0.01),也与海马组织Tau蛋白表达水平呈正相关(r=0.603;P<0.05).结论 MCFA可能通过调节APP/PS1转基因小鼠脂代谢,特别是降低TC水平,减少大脑组织Aβ蛋白沉积及Tau蛋白磷酸化水平,从而发挥防治AD的作用.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of caprylic acid (C8:0) on lipid metabolism and inflammation, and examine the mechanisms underlying these effects in mice and cells.MethodsFifty-six 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups fed a high-fat diet (HFD) without or with 2% C8:0, palmitic acid (C16:0) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). RAW246.7 cells were randomly divided into five groups: normal, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS+C8:0, LPS+EPA and LPS+cAMP. The serum lipid profiles, inflammatory biomolecules, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expression were measured.ResultsC8:0 decreased TC and LDL-C, and increased the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio after injection of LPS. Without LPS, it decreased TC in mice ( P < 0.05). Moreover, C8:0 decreased the inflammatory response after LPS treatment in both mice and cells ( P < 0.05). Mechanistic investigations in C57BL/6J mouse aortas after injection of LPS indicated that C8:0 resulted in higher ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 expression than that with HFD, C16:0 and EPA, and resulted in lower TNF-α, NF-κB mRNA expression than that with HFD ( P < 0.05). In RAW 264.7 cells, C8:0 resulted in lower expression of pNF-κBP65 than that in the LPS group, and higher protein expression of ABCA1, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 than that in the LPS and LPS+cAMP groups ( P < 0.05).ConclusionOur studies demonstrated that C8:0 may play an important role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, and the mechanism may be associated with ABCA1 and the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 signaling pathway.

目的:探讨嗜粘蛋白阿克曼菌(AKK菌)对高脂饲料诱导的肥胖SD大鼠糖脂代谢相关指标的影响.方法:健康SPF级雄性SD大鼠,选取10只作为对照组,喂普通饲料;高脂饲料诱导肥胖大鼠模型,选取成功复制的肥胖大鼠20只,随机分为肥胖模型组和AKK菌干预组.对照组灌胃生理盐水,肥胖模型组灌胃不含AKK菌的混悬液,AKK菌干预组灌胃含1×109 CFU AKK菌的混悬液.每日灌胃1次,每次1 mL/kg.灌胃4 w后,3组动物分别测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)浓度,进行糖耐量试验[(空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后0.5 h血糖(0.5 hPG)、餐后1 h血糖(1 hPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)],测定血清胰岛素水平及空腹体重、肝脏重量及附睾脂肪重量;HE染色观察大鼠肝脏脂肪浸润情况及附睾脂肪细胞脂滴大小.结果:AKK菌灌胃4 w后,与肥胖模型组相比,大鼠肝脏重、肝指数(％)、FPG、1 hPG、2 hPG、血糖曲线下面积、TG、TC、LDL-C、AST、ALT水平均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);附睾脂肪重、体脂百分比、0.5 hPG和胰岛素水平均有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HDL-C有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HE染色观察显示,肝脏组织的脂肪浸润程度以及附睾脂肪细胞的脂滴面积均小于肥胖组模型组.结论:AKK菌可显著降低高脂饲料诱导的肥胖大鼠的体重、血糖血脂、转氨酶水平,可能通过提高大鼠胰岛素敏感性,改善其肝功能.

目的 观察嗜黏蛋白阿克曼(AKK)对高脂饲料喂养的肥胖ApoE基因敲除(ApoE-/-)小鼠血脂代谢及炎症因子相关指标的影响.方法 选取健康SPF级雄性C57BL/6J及ApoE-/-4周龄小鼠,均给予高脂饲料喂养.喂养6周后,选取高于C57BL/6J小鼠平均体质量10％的ApoE-/-小鼠20只,随机编号,奇数为模型组(n=10),偶数为AKK干预组(n=10),C57BL/6J小鼠作为对照组(n=10).对照组与模型组小鼠灌胃不含AKK的甘油制剂,AKK干预组灌胃含1×109CFU AKK的甘油制剂.每日灌胃1次,每次0.1 ml.灌胃4周后,称量小鼠空腹体质量,采集血清及附睾脂肪组织.检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等血脂代谢指标水平,白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)等炎症因子指标水平.称量附睾脂肪组织质量,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠附睾脂肪组织细胞形态及大小,测量脂肪组织细胞平均面积.采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据分析.多组间比较采用单因素方差分析.结果 灌胃4周后,与模型组相比,AKK干预组小鼠空腹体质量、附睾脂肪组织质量及体脂百分比均有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);AKK干预组血脂代谢指标TG[(0.85±0.17)和(1.65±0.15)、(1.08±0.09)mmol/L]及LDL-C[(3.20±0.85)和(6.47±0.87)、(4.89±0.56)mmol/L]均显著低于模型组及对照组,HDL-C[(919.89±116.19)和(433.59±183.85)、(721.11±222.70)mmol/L]显著高于模型组及对照组,TC[(3.00±0.64)和(5.12±0.71)mmol/L]显著低于模型组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);AKK干预组炎症因子指标IL-1[(74.10±25.28)和(191.42±31.36)、(123.91±25.29)pg/ml]、IL-6[(63.10±9.53)和(100.76±11.42)、(77.76±8.20)pg/ml]、IL-8[(64.34±10.36)和(104.59±8.46)、(82.64±11.79)pg/ml]、CRP[(88.85±24.33)和(172.53±25.41)、(122.72±22.08)ng/ml]、TNF-α[(372.30±47.05)和(672.13±66.18)、(509.97±54.50)pg/ml]及MCP-1[(11.90±1.58)和(25.18±2.03)、(18.59±2.11)pg/ml]均显著低于模型组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),IL-10有升高趋势,但3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HE染色观察显示,AKK干预组较模型组小鼠附睾脂肪组织细胞平均面积[(330.45±55.84)和(879.58±36.74)μm2)]显著减小(P<0.05),形态规整,单个视野下脂肪细胞数量明显增多.结论 AKK可改善高脂饲料喂养的肥胖ApoE-/-小鼠的血脂异常,并降低肥胖ApoE-/-小鼠血清炎症因子水平.

目的:观察坑道作业人员服用脂菌营养包联合高钙锌奶后疲劳相关指标的变化情况.方法:选择某坑道施工单位作业人员100名,年龄18～41岁,按照工种分层随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各50名,对照组每日饮用高钙锌奶(含Ca 150 mg/100 g、Zn 1.2 mg/100 g)2次,每次227 mL;试验组每日在对照组基础上加用脂菌营养包2次,每次1包.连续服用12周并在干预前后收集膳食营养素摄入、人体成分、疲劳评分、肌氧饱和度等指标,比较两组及干预前后的指标数据.结果:共有93名受试者完成研究(对照组45名、试验组48名),脱失率为7％.主观疲劳评分显示,躯体疲劳评分中试验组在干预后较干预前(P＜0.001)和对照组(P=0.028)均显著降低,总疲劳评分中试验组在干预后也显著降低(vs干预前P＜0.001、vs对照组P=0.032);人体成分分析检测结果显示,试验组在干预后体脂率显著下降(vs干预前P=0.045、vs对照组P=0.048);肌氧饱和度监测显示,做同等强度运动时,干预后对照组(P=0.021)和试验组(P=0.006)在运动开始时(1s)肌氧饱和度较干预前均显著升高,在运动21 s进入肌氧稳定期后试验组肌氧饱和度较对照组显著升高(P=0.047).结论:脂菌营养包联合高钙锌奶更能显著缓解坑道作业人员肌肉疲劳,对精神疲劳缓解作用不显著.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The effect of fiber, especially the effect of specific fiber in different food groups, on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has seldomly been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between GDM risk and consumption of total fiber, fiber in specific food groups, and glycemic load (GL) in the second trimester in Chinese women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total 162 GDM cases were matched to 324 controls on women's age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Dietary survey was conducted twice to evaluate dietary factors between 13-16 gestational weeks (GW) and 21-24 GW respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Intake of total fiber and fruit fiber in both 13-16 GW and in 21-24 GW were significantly correlated with decreased risk of GDM, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs): 0.06 (0.03-0.13) and 0.03 (0.01-0.08) for total fiber in the highest quartile, 0.003 (0.0002-0.02) and 0.01 (0.001-0.02) for fruit fiber in the highest quartile, respectively. In contrast, consumption of cereal fiber in 21-24 GW and daily average GL in 13-16 GW were positively associated with GDM risk, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the highest quartile: 3.34 (1.45-7.92) and 3.88 (1.43-10.89) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested consumption of dietary fiber in various food groups in the second trimester might be associated with GDM risk. Particularly, diet rich in total fiber and fruit fiber may play a protective role.

目的:观察口服补充水解乳清蛋白和分离乳清蛋白对胃切除术后患者低蛋白血症、体成分、免疫球蛋白及胃肠症状的影响.方法:筛选解放军总医院第一医学中心、郑州大学第一附属医院和河北省人民医院胃肠外科行胃切除术后一周内诊断为低蛋白血症的患者122例,随机分为水解乳清蛋白组(A组)、分离乳清蛋白组(B组)、常规治疗组(对照组).分别于干预前、干预7d、21 d比较各组间3大营养素摄入、体成分变化、血常规、血清蛋白、免疫球蛋白及胃肠道耐受性情况.结果:共有112例患者完成研究,A组36例、B组38例、对照组42例.干预前3组间一般情况均无统计学差异(P＜0.05);干预第7天,A组和B组能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且2组血清前白蛋白水平较对照组显著增高(P＜0.05);A组和B组腹泻发生比例显著低于对照组,且A组便秘发生比例也显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);干预第21天,A组和B组蛋白质摄入量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);A组和B组瘦体重和瘦体重百分比显著高于对照组,而脂肪百分比显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);A组血红蛋白和B组红细胞计数显著高于对照组,且A组和B组血清白蛋白和前白蛋白水平较对照组均显著增高(P＜0.05).结论:胃切除术后患者及时口服补充水解乳清蛋白和分离乳清蛋白胃肠耐受好,并可增加术后能量、蛋白质摄入,提高瘦体重,改善血清低蛋白水平.

Objective:To observe the effect of enteral nutrition containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) on the nutritional status and quality of life of patients after radical surgery.Methods:A total of 60 locally advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing D2 radical surgery and standard chemotherapy were selected and randomly divided into ω-3 group (receiving enteral nutrition containing ω-3 PUFAs) and control group (receiving routine enteral nutrition intervention). The intervention was initiated at the time of postoperative enteral nutrition initiation and lasted for 3 months. Then we compared the nutritional status, inflammation index, quality of life scores before and after the intervention between the two groups.Results:52 patients completed the trial, including 25 in the ω-3 group and 27 in the control group. After intervention, the blood ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs levels of the ω-3 group were significantly higher and the C-reactive protein were reduced than those of the control group and before intervention ( P<0.01), and the concentration of vitamin B 12 of the ω-3 group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Body weight and body mass index of the ω-3 group were significantly higher than those of the control group( P<0.05), and the energy and protein intake, the quality of life scores of the ω-3 group were better than those of the control group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Enteral nutrition support containing ω-3 PUFAs is helpful to improve the nutritional status, reduce the inflammatory response and improve the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer in the recovery period.

目的:分析大豆异黄酮对改善围绝经期女性综合征及性激素水平等方面的影响,为科学规范指导围绝经期女性营养保健提供科学依据.方法:选取80名围绝经期女性患者随机分为大豆异黄酮组和安慰剂组,于研究前、干预后3个月、6个月进行血清激素、抗氧化指标、肿瘤标志物检测及更年期自我综合征评定、疲劳量评定、焦虑和抑郁评分.结果:干预6个月后,大豆异黄酮组雌二醇(E2)水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH)含量与基线值的平均变化均显著高于安慰剂组(P＜0.01);大豆异黄酮组促黄体生成素(LH)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量、更年期综合征评分、疲劳评分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分与基线值的平均变化均显著低于安慰剂组(P＜0.01).结论:大豆异黄酮对围绝经期女性改善围绝经期症状、维持激素水平是有效、安全的,适宜剂量的大豆异黄酮可作为围绝经期女性的营养保健手段.

目的 观察中链脂肪酸辛酸(C8:0)对RAW264.7巨噬细胞ABCA1表达及JAK2/STAT3通路相关因子的影响.方法 建立不同脂肪酸分组:空白组,C8:0组,EPA组和cAMP组.干预RAW264.7巨噬细胞24 h后,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)检测其ABCA1、JAK2/STAT3通路相关因子mRNA的表达,蛋白质印迹法(western blot,WB)检测ABCA1、JAK2/STAT3通路相关因子蛋白的表达,酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测TNF-α、IL-6、MCP-1水平.结果 C8:0200μmol/L较100μmol/L能更显著增高RAW264.7巨噬细胞ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),确定后续脂肪酸干预浓度为200μmol/L;在200μmol/L浓度下,与空白组相比,C8:0组ABCA1、STAT3的mRNA表达量显著增高,而P65的mRNA表达量显著降低(P均<0.05);且C8:0组ABCA1、p-STAT3及p-JAK2蛋白表达量显著增高,而P65蛋白表达量显著降低(P均<0.05);C8:0组炎性因子TNF-α显著低于空白组,IL-6水平显著低于cAMP组,MCP-1水平显著低于EPA组(P均<0.05).结论 中链脂肪酸C8:0可能通过上调ABCA1抑制RAW264.7巨噬细胞JAK2/STAT3通路的炎症表达.

目的 观察饮用强化钙锌奶后士兵骨质指标、疲劳度指标及神经行为能力的变化.方法 选择某部男性士兵103名,年龄18～ 25岁,按照班建制整群随机分为2组,高钙锌奶组55名,普通奶组48名,均从事技术工作并正常参加体能训练,采用随机双盲对照研究,高钙锌奶组每日饮用强化钙锌奶(含Ca 150 mg/100 g,Zn 1.2 mg/100g),普通奶组每日饮用普通奶(含Ca 100 mg/100 g,Zn 0.4 mg/100g),均为每日2袋(每袋227 ml),连续干预12周后,收集血标本指标(血常规、血生化、维生素、骨钙素)、人体成分、骨密度等数据,行疲劳量测评和神经行为学能力评定,并与干预前进行比较.结果 共有94名受试者完成研究(高钙锌奶组51名、普通奶组43名),脱落率为8.74％.干预后两组血清骨钙素浓度较干预前均有升高,高钙锌奶组升高幅度更大[(0.59±0.36) ng/ml vs (0.41±0.38) ng/ml,P=0.037];干预后两组骨密度均有提高,但干预前后两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组骨质量较干预前均有提高,高钙锌奶组提高幅度显著高于普通奶组(4.25±6.69 vs 2.03±3.21,P=0.042);主观疲劳评定结果显示,高钙锌奶组疲劳评定总分值在干预后有所下降(4.25±3.12 vs 5.14±3.36,P=0.013).神经行为能力测试中,两组数字译码正确分值在干预后均有提高,高钙锌奶组提升幅度更为显著(7.41±9.53 vs 3.42±9.61,P＜0.001).高钙锌奶组目标追踪平均分值在干预后有所提高,普通奶干预后下降,两组间差异有统计学意义(9.23±24.60 vs-8.92±22.60,P＜0.001).结论 每天饮奶可以提高士兵骨质,而强化钙锌奶在骨钙素、骨质量指标上更具优势,并对缓解士兵训练疲劳、提高神经行为能力有一定作用.