华南大陆中生代以来受华北板块、 西南缘特提斯洋以及东部古太平洋板块会聚作用形成了多序次的构造变形及多期岩浆与成矿事件,并造就了多个重要的多金属成矿区带.文章在梳理成矿区带典型矽卡岩型矿床矿化期次、 矿体分布及成矿机理等关键科学问题的基础上,利用构造变形序次及其控岩控矿的规律性完善了典型矿床成矿过程及成因机理.通过对闽西南铁多金属成矿带、 赣东北塔前-赋春钨铜多金属成矿带以及滇东南老君山钨锡矿集区开展构造变形解析,结合已有研究成果,厘定出相对完整的印支期、 中晚侏罗世及白垩纪3期变形序列,但其作用时限、 构造性质、 规模强度及变形样式却表现不一.通过构造控岩分析并结合已有同位素年代学得出,不同成矿区带都存在与变形序列相一致的岩浆或变质热事件,进而利用变形序列与岩浆期次对应规律明确了与马坑式铁多金属矿床、 朱溪钨铜矿床以及南秧田钨矿床相关的多期岩浆活动.在此基础上识别出多阶段矿化事件并提出3个典型矿床都存在多期叠加复合成矿的认识.从构造对矿床就位机制控制的角度分析了马坑式矿床分散多变矿体、 朱溪矿床垂向大跨度矿化及深部巨型矿体、 南秧田矿床层-脉叠加矿体分别受赋矿地层褶皱拆离、 大规模双重逆冲以及2期构造变形复合控制的机理.文章最后探讨了不同阶段华南重要成矿区带构造变形及岩浆成矿的动力学背景.

马达加斯加是世界优质大鳞片石墨矿重要产地之一,随着大鳞片石墨在诸多新兴领域发挥着越来越大的作用,对马达加斯加石墨矿床的研究显得越来越重要.矿床成因研究对石墨矿床的找矿勘查具有指导作用,然而目前关于马达加斯加石墨矿床的研究程度较低,人们普遍认为马达加斯加的石墨矿床是沉积变质成因.文章将Antanisoa石墨矿床作为研究对象,通过对矿区内石墨片岩的岩相学研究以及矿物化学特征研究,发现沉积变质成因的说法并不妥当.野外地质调查和岩相学研究显示出较多与流体充填有关的现象,矿物化学特征表明石墨片岩中与石墨共生的云母为金云母,浅色电气石为镁电气石.结合前人对马达加斯加岛地质背景研究结果与认识,认为马达加斯加Antanisoa石墨矿床更有可能与幔源流体充填有关,有待进一步研究.

湘西花垣MVT型铅锌矿的资源储量巨大,成矿前景好.研究区内层状藻灰岩相是主要预测方向,矿化角砾岩是进一步找矿的重要标志,但是如何判别层状角砾岩的含矿特征尚需深入研究.通过对花垣铅锌矿进行研究,探讨角砾岩成矿过程,分析不同成矿阶段角砾岩的地质特征,根据对角砾和胶结物的观测与分析,划分了不同矿化阶段的角砾岩.①成矿前角砾岩:该类角砾岩不含矿,其中角砾与胶结物均无矿化现象出现,以似层状和条纹状角砾岩为主要类型;②成矿期角砾岩:该类角砾中含矿,其中角砾与胶结物均出现明显的矿化现象,以网脉状含矿角砾岩、斑脉状含矿角砾岩、细脉状含矿角砾岩和侵染状含矿角砾岩为主要类型;③成矿后角砾岩:该类角砾岩含少量矿化,其中角砾多有矿化现象,而胶结物无矿化或较弱矿化,以不规则网脉状角砾岩为主.角砾岩矿化阶段的判别对于构造岩相地质找矿及成矿规律研究,具有重要的参考价值.

大湖塘钨矿田石门寺矿段钨多金属矿成矿作用与燕山期花岗质岩浆活动密切相关.其中燕山期花岗斑岩与热液隐爆角砾岩关系密切,是重要的成矿地质体.为研究该岩体成岩时代、岩石成因与演化、形成背景,探讨岩体与成矿的关系,对石门寺花岗斑岩开展了系统的岩相学、岩石化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素研究.结果表明,花岗斑岩形成年龄为154.36±0.83 Ma;花岗斑岩为高硅(SiO2含量为71.90％～76.53％)、过铝质(Al2O3含量为12.76％～14.76％,A/CNK值为1.25～1.39)、高钾钙碱性系列(K2O含量为2.58％～5.42％)岩石;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,稀土元素含量(49.38×10-6～72.36×10-6)较低、LREE/HREE(9.83～16.76)和(La/Yb)N值(16.43～39.45)较高,呈明显负Eu(5Eu=0.27～0.65)异常;岩石类型为S型花岗岩.锆石的εHf(t)值为-23.6～-2.9,二阶段模式年龄为1.39～2.70 Ga,表明石门寺花岗斑岩可能为古老地壳部分熔融的产物.岩浆源岩主要为富粘土物质;岩浆演化过程中经历了镁铁质矿物、钛铁矿、斜长石的分离结晶,磷灰石没有发生显著分离结晶作用.结合区内中生代成矿地球动力学背景分析,九岭-鄣公山隆起带存在2期重要的成矿作用:①约150 Ma,由于太平洋板块俯冲汇聚而产生的挤压构造背景下的成岩成矿作用;②约135 Ma以来,处于区域岩石圈伸展减薄背景下的钨多金属成矿作用.

The high Sr/Y geochemical feature of granitoids can be attributed to various mechanisms, and elucidating genesis of high Sr/Y granitoids provides insights into the material recycling and magmatic processes at depth. In southeastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), many Middle Permian granitoids exhibit high Sr/Y ratios, but their origins remain unclear, inhibiting a comprehensive understanding of the magmatic response to the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian ocean. Here we present new zircon U-Pb ages, Lu-Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemical data for the Middle Permian high Sr/Y monzogranites from central Inner Mongolia, southeastern CAOB. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data shows that these high Sr/Y rocks were emplaced during 273–261 Ma. They are calc-alkaline, sodium-rich and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous, with enriched large-ion lithophile elements (Rb, Th, K and Pb) and depleted high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, P and Ti), suggesting a mafic lower crustal source rather than evolved potassic crustal materials. Their relatively low (Gd/Yb)N (1.1–2.0), (Dy/Yb)N (1.0–1.3), Nb/Ta (7.9–10.9) ratios and flat heavy rare earth element patterns are characteristics of derivation from a relatively shallow depth with amphibolite as dominant residue. They also have highly variable εHf(t) values (−8.2 to +10.0) and TDMC (1814 to 649 Ma), similar to those of the Early Palaeozoic high Sr/Y intrusions along the Bainaimiao arc belt. Combined with data from literatures, we suggest that the high Sr/Y monzogranites in this study were probably generated by reworking of the newly underplated juvenile high Sr/Y lower crust of the Bainaimiao arc belt. Moreover, taking into account the regional investigations, the sublinear distributed Middle Permian magmatic rocks in the southeastern CAOB were likely associated with the incipient slab break-off of the Palaeo-Asian oceanic lithosphere following initial collision between the North China craton and the South Mongolia terranes.

都龙锡锌铟多金属矿床位于华南板块西南缘之滇东南老君山矿集区南部,是中国重要的锡锌铟多金属资源产地,构造控矿特征明显.对铜街、 曼家寨两个典型矿段及外围构造变形分析及控矿构造解析表明:区内各地质体之间均为构造接触,构造变形主要存在伸展滑脱及左行走滑等构造样式;F0、F1、F2三条南北向断裂组成的早白垩世伸展滑脱构造控制了矿区的矿化蚀变及矿体空间产出形态,是矿区最主要的控矿构造;成矿后北西向马关—都龙左行走滑断裂为破矿构造,但其正断的性质使矿区受剥蚀程度相对较低,对矿床保存有利.根据控矿构造组合特征及区域构造背景建立了构造控矿模式,认为矿区南部深部、 西部寒武系地层与新寨岩组深部为进一步寻找锡锌铟矿的有利区域,矿区深部找矿潜力较大.

哨兵-1系统因其优质的设备参数及开放性的政策具有很高的学术及应用价值,然而其特殊的TOPS成像模式对利用该数据的干涉处理与分析提出了挑战。本文对影响哨兵-1 TOPS模式数据干涉质量的数据配准、电离层及对流层因素进行了定量化分析,提出了基于ESD,以及GPS、ECMWF等外部数据源校正的TOPS哨兵-1模式干涉图误差校正技术;以一对2016年某区域的哨兵-1 TOPS模式影像为研究数据,对其依次进行了精配准、电离层相位和对流层相位系统校正。研究结果表明,配准精度能够满足数据1/1000像元的精度要求;能去除电离层条带相位和方位向相位跳变;进而实现对流层相位约27%标准差精度的提升。此技术能够显著减小哨兵-1 TOPS模式数据的干涉误差,提高其在差分雷达干涉乃至时序差分雷达干涉等形变监测中的应用价值。

河西走廊北部的平山湖盆地,被围限于龙首山、北大山和合黎山之间,是一个在早白垩世受南北两侧逆冲断层共同控制形成并发展的盆地.笔者通过研究盆地内下白垩统沉积特征、构造变形、生长地层以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征,划分了平山湖盆地在早白垩世的构造演化期次,并恢复其形成演化过程.盆地内发育一套由下向上总体变细的下白垩统庙沟群沉积序列,盆地内构造变形以NE-SW向挤压和近E-W向伸展为主,庙沟群上岩组的碎屑锆石最小年龄为(129.3±1.8)Ma,可能代表了地层沉积和同期地堑发育的最早时间.由此得出,在早白垩世早期发育挤压构造盆地,同构造生长地层为挤压盆地的形成与构造演化提供了时代约束;在早白垩世晚期发育伸展断陷盆地,由挤压到伸展的转换时间晚于129.3 Ma.

武夷山成矿带位于我国东南沿海浙赣闽粤四省交界地带,是我国16个重点成矿区带之一.紫金山铜金矿、马坑铁矿、大排锰矿、冷水坑银铅锌矿等一系列特大型矿床都位于该成矿带,成矿潜力巨大.本文通过对冷水坑银铅锌矿田地球化学特征、同位素特征的研究,讨论成矿时代,分析矿床的成矿流体来源和成矿物质来源,探讨成矿作用,力求为本成矿带同类型多金属矿的找矿预测工作提供科学依据.

夹持在近东西向额尔齐斯断裂和天山走滑断裂系统之间的西准噶尔地区,经历了自晚古生代晚期以来长期复杂的陆内构造变形历史.线性构造的长度、方向以及空间分布能够反映构造变形的强度和样式,指示应力作用的方式.本文选取新疆西准噶尔地区为研究区,利用ASTER、Landsat等多源遥感数据通过彩色合成、主成分分析、波段比值和Sobel滤波等增强显示断裂构造在遥感影像上的空间分布和光谱信息,并利用Canny边缘检测与人工解译相结合的方法提取研究区内线性构造;运用地质统计学的原理和方法对提取出的线性构造进行定量分析.结果表明,研究区内依长度优选方位确定的主断裂走向为N50°～60°E,代表了区域一级构造即达拉布特断裂展布的方位;依线性构造数量优选方位确定的次级断裂走向为80°～90°(近东西向),代表了区域三级构造的方位;介于以上两者之间的线性构造,即数量与长度均适中的线性构造,代表了区域二级构造的方位.线性构造的区域分布,揭示了在南北向主压应力作用下,西准噶尔地区构造体系的组成与构造变形特征.由此说明,多源遥感信息提取的线性构造定量分析,对于区域断裂构造体系的厘定具有重要意义.

十二排钼矿床位于上杭-云霄断裂带与闽西南拗陷的复合部位,是紫金山铜金矿田外围新近探明的一处具有中大型远景的斑岩型钼矿床.野外地质调查显示,其钼矿化呈细脉状、网脉状主要产出于黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗斑岩中.热液蚀变具有斑岩型矿床的分带特征,由黑云母花岗斑岩向外依次发育钾硅酸盐化带、绢英岩化带和青磐岩化带,钼矿体主要赋存于绢英岩化与钾硅酸盐化构成的叠加带中.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩和黑云母花岗斑岩分别形成于(143.1±0.9)Ma和(143.5±0.4)Ma.4件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os加权平均年龄为(143.9±2.1)Ma.辉钼矿的w(Re)为1.2×10-6～7.8×10-6,说明成矿物质可能主要来自地壳.岩石地球化学分析结果显示,十二排含矿花岗岩具有相似的主量和微量元素组成,均属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,其中,黑云母花岗斑岩表现出高分异花岗岩特征,两者可能是古老变质基底来源的熔体经历不同程度分异结晶的产物,并混入有少量幔源物质.综合已有的资料,文章认为十二排斑岩型钼矿化与早白垩世早期花岗质岩浆活动密切相关,上杭-云霄断裂带存在古太平洋板块俯冲后撤引发构造体制转换阶段的成岩成矿响应,进一步找矿勘查工作应加强评价早白垩世早期高分异花岗岩体的钼多金属成矿潜力.

本文对滇东南老君山地区南捞片麻状花岗岩进行岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素等方面的研究,以探讨其岩石成因和构造意义.研究结果表明岩体地球化学上具有高硅,富碱和高铝特点;稀土配方模式呈现轻稀土富集略右倾斜型,轻稀土分馏明显,存在明显Eu负异常;相对亏损Rb、Ba、Pb、Sr、Ti、Eu、Yb等元素,相对富集Th、K、Pr、Nd、Sm、Hf和Tb等元素.样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为431.8±4.1 Ma.锆石Hf同位素研究结果表明,εHf(t)=0.8～-11.70,其两阶段模式年龄(T2DM)主要为1395～1544 Ma.上述地球化学及年代学研究结果表明南捞片麻状花岗岩主要来自中元古代下地壳物质部分熔融,为有幔源物质的参与形成的I型花岗岩.结合华南加里东期成岩构造环境,判断滇东南老君山早期南捞岩体形成于后造山伸展环境.

Jingdezhen area is located in the northeastern Jiangxi province,which belongs to the Yangzi plate,and has undergone long-term tectonic activities.According to the study of regional tectonic section,the Mesozoic thrust-nappe structure direction of the study area is from NW to SE,the upper Shuangqiaoshan group has been pushed to the top of Carboniferous-Triassic strata,and the structural styles of the thrust belt are characterized by imbricate fans and duplexes and the maximum principal compressive stress is SE-NW trend.The study of undeformed granite zircon U-Pb isotope dating shows that the U-Pb isotope age is 157 ～ 172 Ma,and the time of tectonic movement is during early Yanshanian period.The Mesozoic thrust-nappe structure produced the magmatic mineralization process in the Jingdezhen area,and the granites of Jingdezhen area may have invaded from intracontinental subductionrelated transformation tectonic setting during the early Yanshanian.The nappe structure constrains the magmatic evolution and in space associated with mineralization.Then it controls the mineralization process of the deposit.

The Bainaimiao thrust belt, a typical skinned continental margin thrust sheet, distributes from Xuniwusu to Huade, nearly East-West extending along the 42°N with 190 km in length in the central Inner Mongolia. It is developed between the North China Craton and the Bainaimiao Ordovician island arc. It appears that the Meso–Neoproterozoic Bayan Obo Group developed in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) thrust up northward, and covered the later Silurian Xibiehei Formation deposited in the Bainaimiao arc. Based on the geological mapping and CSAMT bathymetric, it is identified that branches of the thrusts in the sheet pool deeply into a main floor thrust located 120 800 m?at depth. All of the thrusts consist into an imbricate thrust system and double layer structure. The thrust direction of both periods was south to north as indicated by foliation static and lineation orientation. Base on the distance between Windows and the Kilippes in front of the Bainaimiao thrust belt, its displacement is more than 14 km. According to the spatial characterization of Klippes and horses in the Bainaimiao thrust, two active periods of thrust can be identified. Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar isotope dating of muscovite formed during the thrusting suggests that the early period of thrust took place in 450 410 Ma, which is possibly related to the subduction of the Paleo? -Asian Ocean crust toward the NCC. According to the time of basin sediments controlled by thrusts, the late period is speculated to be in Carboniferous to the Early Permian related to the collision of the Siberian and North China Platform, the close of the Paleo-Asian Oceans, and formation of Central Asian Orogenic Belt.

江西景德镇朱溪铜钨矿床是近年来发现的一个世界级超大型铜钨矿床.矿床地质特征、矽卡岩矿物学和成矿岩体年代学的研究表明,矿体赋存于上石炭统黄龙组大理岩与新元古界双桥山群变质岩之间的不整合界面之上,空间上具有明显的矿物组合分带特征.根据矽卡岩产状、矿物共生组合和相互关系,把成矿作用划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、石英-硫化物阶段、碳酸盐-萤石阶段.代表性的矽卡岩矿物组合有石榴子石、透辉石、透闪石、硅灰石、符山石、蛇纹石、绿泥石等.电子探针分析表明,石榴子石为钙铝榴石—钙铁榴石系列,辉石为透辉石—钙铁辉石系列.同位素年代学及岩浆与成矿关系的研究表明:花岗闪长岩与早期矽卡岩型矿化相关,矿化范围较小,矿石品位较低;黑云母花岗岩与云英岩型和晚期矽卡岩型的矿化相关,矿化范围较广,矿石品位较高,并获得黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(147.7±2.2)Ma.综合分析指出,朱溪铜钨矿床为晚侏罗世花岗岩浆有关的热液与晚古生代碳酸盐岩发生多阶段交代作用而形成,成矿作用以矽卡岩型和云英岩型为主.

“桃溪穹隆”由内核、中间层和盖层组成,发育岩石流变,韧性、韧脆性和脆性变形(断裂).文章以“桃溪穹隆”内核、中间层和盖层为对象,通过研究其形变特征、运动形式及相互关系,探讨穹隆上隆的运动方式,结合沉积事件、岩浆活动和构造运动,阐述穹隆的形成机制和构造演化特征.“桃溪穹隆”于加里东期(志留纪末)隆升,华力西期-印支期(晚二叠世-中三叠世)大规模上隆,燕山期及后期继承性活动,主隆升期(华力西期-印支期)为逆时针旋转上隆.穹隆长期隆升是该区古元古代结晶基底出露的主要原因.

江西景德镇朱溪浅部铜矿床位于萍乐凹陷带北缘,属塔前-赋春有色金属成矿带北部,为近年来发现的大型钨铜多金属矿床浅部的铜矿床.矿体分布受到断裂构造的控制,金属矿物组成主要为黄铜矿、闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、黄铁矿和少量白钨矿等.文中重点分析了矿床脉石矿物的氢、氧、碳同位素和矿石硫化物的硫、铅同位素地球化学特征.研究结果显示:金属硫化物δ34SCDT集中为1.1‰～2.5‰,平均为1.63‰(n=6),极差为1.4‰;石英和方解石δ18Owater值的变化范围较大(?0.2‰ ～+6.65‰,n=10),均值为2.19‰;石英δDV-SMOW值的变化范围比较集中(?81.1‰ ～?106.4‰,n=5);方解石δ13CPDB变化范围为?5.1‰ ～?7.7‰,平均为?6.28‰(n=5);7件硫化物样品的铅同位素组成为206Pb/204Pb=38.417～38.500、207Pb/204Pb=15.605～15.652和208Pb/204Pb=18.206～18.553,矿石硫化物铅同位素基本为正常的放射成因铅.矿石硫化物的硫同位素及方解石的碳同位素均指示成矿物质可能来源于深部岩浆活动并受到低温蚀变作用;石英和方解石的氢氧同位素组成表明成矿流体早期以岩浆流体为主,成矿晚期加入了大量加热补给的大气降水;铅同位素组成表明成矿物质中Pb主要来源于陆内造山作用过程中形成的壳源重熔花岗岩.该矿床可能主要受华南中生代岩石圈多阶段伸展-减薄而形成的一系列地壳重熔型花岗质岩石控制,成因类型属于热液脉状充填型铜矿床.

Located in the Late Paleozoic depression of southwestern Fujian, the Makeng type iron deposits are the main skarn iron polymetallic deposits.The major ore bodies are generally controlled by lithologic boundaries and tectonic structural planes,especially the interface between silica and calcareous bed,and they are located above the quartz sandstone of the Lower Carboniferous Lindi formation(C1l) and below the carbonate rocks of the Upper Carboniferous Jingshe formation-Upper Permian Qixia formation(C2j-P2q).In order to reveal the genesis and mineralization mechanism of the Makeng type iron deposits,the Si/Ca surface ore-controlling theory was used to discuss the metallogenic structctural plane characteristics and its ore-controlling mechanism.Five types of metallogenic interfaces were divided according to their features in this research.We deemed that the main ore bodies of Makeng type iron deposits were controlled by the physical and chemical differences between these Ca/Si surfaces,and it is easy to form expansion space and geochemical barrier near the surfaces in the process of tectonic and fluidic activities.Based on the understanding above, the metallogenic model of the Makeng type iron deposits was built using the Si/Ca surface ore-controlling theory.This work is thought to be meaningful to conduct prospecting research of iron polymetallic deposits in southwestern Fujian Province.

In order to explore the formation time and provenance of the Shuangqiaoshan Group in Jingdezhen,northeastern Jiangxi Province,we carried out zircon U-Pb geochronological,whole-rock geochemical and Hf isotopic analyses for the low-grade metamorphic volcanic clastic tuff.Petrology and whole-rock geochemistry show that these tuff is mainly composed of dacite and andesite.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope dating results indicate that low-grade metamorphic volcanic clastic tuff was formed at 809±2 Ma,suggesting that the Shuangqiaoshan Group were deposited at Neoproterozoic.Zircon grains have negative εHf(t) values from-2.6 to-16.5 and tDM2 from 1423 to 2313 Ma,suggests that the parental magmas of these tuff were mainly originated from the melting of Paleo-proterozoic crust.

The Dongxiang copper deposit is mainly hosted in the Carboniferous sandstone and Yanshanian granite porphyry.In this paper,the authors investigated the ore-forming materials sources and deposit genesis based on its isotope geochemistry.The values of δ34S(0.3‰～1.2‰) from massive ore and pyrite in granite porphyry in the Dongxiang mine are very close to the values of δ34S in deep mantle,whereas the δ34S values from sulfides exhibit tower distribution type and have a narrow distribution range,indicating that the δ34S was derived from deep source magma.The δ65Cu values of chalcopyrite have a narrow distribution range and are overall close to zero,which are distinctly different from the δ65 Cu values of chalcopyrite in massive sulfide deposits (-0.98‰～ 3.14‰),skarn type deposits(-1.29‰～2.98‰) and hydrothermal vein type deposits(-3.70‰～0.44‰),but are similar to the δ65Cu values of chalcopyrite in magmatic deposits and porphyry deposits.The values of δ65Cu of the Dongxiang copper deposit(-2.10‰～0.17‰)are larger than the δ65Cu values of magma deposits (-0.62‰～0.40‰),but are close to the δ65 Cu values of porphyry deposits (-1.16‰～ 0.81‰),suggesting that the Dongxiang copper deposit had close genetic relationship with magmatism.Therefore,according to the isotope analytical results of the Dongxiang copper deposit,it can be concluded that the Dongxiang copper deposit is a magmatic hydrothermal type deposit.