Malnutrition is a common complication of cancer patients, and solving nutrition problems is still one of the challenging tasks in clinical practice. The incidence of malnutrition in head and neck cancer patients during the peri-radiotherapeutic period is high, which is not only related to disease-mediated metabolic disorders, complications and psychological factors, but also associated with the toxic and side effects induced by radiotherapy. Malnutrition will reduce the tolerance, accuracy, and therapeutic effects of radiotherapy, which in turn lowers the quality of life and even adversely affects the prognosis of disease. Medical nutrition therapy can improve the nutritional status of the body, ensure smooth progress of radiotherapy, and improve the efficacy of comprehensive cancer treatment. It is necessary and urgent to deliver standardized nutrition therapy and management of head and neck cancer patients during the peri-radiotherapeutic period. Nutritional risk screening, nutritional assessment, and acute radiation injury assessment are required to develop an individualized nutrition treatment plan and make dynamic adjustment. In this article, relevant literature of nutrition therapy for head and neck radiotherapy at home and abroad was summarized, and the standardized nutrition therapy for head and neck cancer patients during the peri-radiotherapeutic period was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of comprehensive nursing intervention for patients with urological diseases. Methods 100 patients with urological disease hospitalized from January 2014 to January 2015 were randomly divided into two groups, with 50 cases in each group. The observation group was given with comprehensive nursing intervention, while the control group was given with conventional nursing, to compare and analyze the quality of life, emotional state and degree of satisfaction to nursing between the two groups. Results The postoperative SAS score and SDS score of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of SF-36 indicators in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). No statistical difference was found between two groups in the satisfaction degree to nursing (P>0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive nursing intervention for patients with urological diseases can effectively reduce unhealthy mood and improve quality of lif.

目的:比较常规疼痛管理和PDCA(策划、实施、检查、处理)循环疼痛管理模式在经尿道前列腺电切除术(TURP)后膀胱痉挛性疼痛中的应用效果.方法:选取我院泌尿外科行TURP的术后患者125例,随机分为PDCA组63例、常规组62例.PDCA组行PDCA循环疼痛管理模式,常规组行常规疼痛管理模式,比较两组患者用药后每12h痉挛性疼痛的发生次数、每次疼痛的持续时间、疼痛程度、冲洗液转清时间、导尿管拔除时间、术后住院时间以及疼痛管理满意度的情况.结果:PDCA组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)、膀胱内压、膀胱痉挛性疼痛次数以及每次疼痛的持续时间均优于常规组,P＜ 0.05,差异有统计学意义.PDCA组患者术后镇痛液的使用量、尿转清时间、拔尿管时间、膀胱痉挛性疼痛发生率以及疼痛管理满意度均明显优于常规组,P＜ 0.05,差异有统计学意义;PDCA组术后再出血、呕吐、低血压等少于常规组,但差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:PDCA循环疼痛管理模式较常规疼痛管理模式可显著减少TURP患者术后膀胱痉挛性疼痛的发生次数和每次疼痛的持续时间,降低疼痛程度、缩短冲洗液转清时间和导尿管拔除时间以及有效提高患者对疼痛管理的满意度.

总结了阶段性护理在45例肾绞痛患者中的应用效果,包括心理护理、药物护理、碎石治疗术护理、饮食护理和健康教育等。认为阶段性护理使患者能得到及时的医疗救护,有效掌握康复知识。