Pratylenchus coffeae is a migratory endoparasitic nematode that causes root rot in a wide range of crops, resulting in enormous financial losses each year. The rapid and accurate detection of P. coffeae is crucial for controlling and combating the disease of root rot. We designed species-specific primers and probes based on the parasite's rDNA-ITS sequence and developed a rapid P. coffeae detection method employing a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay. The RPA reaction can be completed in 5-30 min at 38 degrees C without the application of a thermal cycling instrument and has an optimal time of 25 min. The amplification results can be directly observed on the test strip in 3-5 min. We validated the RPA assay and showed that it accurately detects P. coffeae in infested host tissues and soil samples, including nematodes from complex and diverse geographic populations. The RPA-lateral flow dipstick(RPA-LFD)assay has a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mu L pure gDNA, making it 100 times more sensitive than traditional polymerase chain reaction assays. The results indicate that the RPA assay is a sensitive, rapid, practical, and visual method for the rapid detection and diagnosis of P. coffeae from infested fields and the RPA-LFD assay is accessible for point-of-service or lab-in-a-suitcase diagnosis.

In this study, we evaluated the biocontrol effect against Meloidogyne incognita of Streptomyces (strain JXGZ01) obtained from yam field soil. Results showed that the mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) treated with an undiluted culture filtrate of JXGZ01 for 12 and 24 h was 70.86% and 85.58%, respectively. The twofold dilution resulted in 66.41% and 81.55% mortality for 12 and 24 h, respectively. Both strong acids and alkali significantly reduced the nematicidal activity of the culture filtrate, but neither temperature nor ultraviolet irradiation had any significant effect. In addition, two, four and eightfold dilutions inhibited the hatching of M. incognita eggs by 91.3%, 83.7% and 75.7%, respectively. Finally, the results of a pot experiment showed that the nematodes treated with different dilutions of culture filtrate significantly reduced the number of galls by 65.87%-97.30%. Compared with those of the control group, the treatments reduced the number of egg masses and J2s by 38.17%-92.84% and 37.57%-93.82%, respectively, and the eggs hatching rate was reduced by 27.92%-45.27%, relative to the control group. Data indicate that strain JXGZ01 has a potential and application value for development as a biocontrol agent for M. incognita.

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a soil-borne disease that causes yield and quality decline in China. This study was taken to deciphering the chemical properties and microbial characteristics associated with healthy and infected B. napus root soils. The results reflected that the concentration of available potassium was higher in infected soils than it was in healthy soils. The potential biocontrol bacteria and fungi such as Actinobactetia, Bacilli and Talaromyces were presented lower abundance in infected soil, while the pathogens like Fusarium and Curvularia showed higher abundance. Furthermore, higher bacteria related to provoking germination of P. brassicae resting spore, such as Sphingobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium were revealed in infected soils. Moreover, the function prediction also showed that the infected soils had the promotion of nitrate metabolism associated with P. brassicae spore germination. Further networks analysis demonstrated that the bacterial network of infected bulk soil was simpler and more unstable than that of healthy bulk soil, while the bacterial network of rhizosphere soil and all the fungal networks showed on opposite. Our results indicated that the plant health was closely associated with soil chemical properties like available potassium content and composition of microbial community, and the microbes in bulk soil cooperated with rhizosphere soil to assist healthy plants to resist the pathogenic invasion. The study is of great significance for the biocontrol of clubroot disease on B. napus.

Continuous cropping obstacle from Chinese yam (Dioscorea spp.) is widespread in China, and it seriously reduced the yield and quality. Rhizosphere soil microbiome is rich and associated with continuous cropping obstacle. However, the effect of long-term consecutive monoculture (LTCM) of Chinese yam on rhizosphere soil fungal community is still limited. In this study, fields that were consecutively cropped with Chinese yam for 1, 10 and 20 years were subjected to rhizosphere soil fungal analysis. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and function, and to determine the effect of long-term consecutive monoculture (LTCM). Results indicated that LTCM induced soil acidification, increased concentration of soil available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), increased the richness but decreased the evenness of fungal community. However, the Shannon index in YF_10Y fungal community showed the lowest value. Increasing years of monoculture resulted in significant differentiation in community composition, marked by a reduction of biocontrol fungi and an increase of pathogens. Additionally, consecutive monoculture decreased the rate of carbohydrate and amino acid degradation. The comprehensive analysis conducted in this study provides insight into rhizosphere fungal structure and function in response to LTCM of Chinese yam. Information obtained in this study could be used for the development of new microbial fertilizers for Chinese yam, which would mitigate the problems associated with continuous monoculture.

为明确不同用药方案对不同栽培模式下的山药土壤微生物群落结构的影响,2021年在江西省泰和县朱家村和洲头村分别以传统栽培模式和浅生槽栽培模式的山药为试验材料,设置不添加任何杀线剂(CK)、42％威百亩水剂(方案1)和10％噻唑膦颗粒剂+6％寡糖·噻唑膦水乳剂(方案2)3个处理,通过对土壤细菌16S rDNA扩增子V3～V4区和真菌18S rDNA ITS_V1高变区的高通量测序来检测微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,方案1和方案2对不同栽培模式下的山药土壤微生物群落结构的影响有较大的差异性.在细菌属水平上,2种用药方案处理提高了传统栽培模式下的土壤细菌在热酸菌属、AD3、Subgroup_2和芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度,但对浅生槽栽培模式下的土壤细菌影响不大.在真菌属水平上,2种用药方案处理均严重降低了浅生槽栽培模式下的腐质霉属相对丰度,方案1和方案2的处理分别使其由46.7％降低到了 9.9％和39.1％,另外方案2处理提高了枝葡萄孢属在该模式下的相对丰度(由4.2％提高到了 22.1％);传统栽培模式下的山药土壤真菌主要分布在镰孢属(Fusarium)和弯孢属(Curvularia),方案2处理提高了镰孢属在该模式下的相对丰度,降低了弯孢属的相对丰度,方案1处理降低了弯孢属在该模式下的比例,却对镰孢属没有影响.在浅生槽栽培模式下,与土壤细菌的群落结构相比,2种用药方案对土壤真菌的群落结构影响更为明显;在传统栽培模式下,2种用药方案对土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构均有明显影响.但不论是浅生槽栽培模式还是传统栽培模式,2种用药方案都不会改变土壤微生物的优势微生物的组成,仅改变优势微生物的丰度.

Replant disease caused by continuous cropping commonly occurs in yam with consecutive monoculture. However, little is known about how the continuous cropping of yam affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure. In this study, the effects of continuous cropping on rhizospheric soil characteristics, bacterial diversity, and community structure were investigated in the Yongfeng yam fields under monoculture for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Long-term monoculture caused soil acidification and increased the concentration of available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), and soil bacterial richness, but decreased the soil bacterial diversity. An exception was for the field under monoculture for 20 years as it showed the highest bacterial diversity. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi decreased while the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, including Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria, increased with an extended continuous cultivation time. The networks varied among yams with different cultivation years and became complex with the increase in cultivation years. However, after time in monoculture, the bacterial network decreased gradually and existed stably. These changes in bacterial community composition and co-occurrence of networks may increase the potential risk of soil-borne disease and reduce the yield and quality of Yongfeng yam.

为明确江西省山药病原线虫的种类及地理分布,对采自主产区的157份山药样品进行了线虫分离与形态学鉴定,并对主要病原线虫种类进行rDNA-ITS和28S的序列比对和种群系统进化分析.形态学和分子鉴定结果表明:山药病原线虫种类为咖啡短体线虫Pratylenchus coffeae和南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita.调查结果表明,咖啡短体线虫在江西省大部分山药产区广泛分布,是优势种群.吉安市永丰县和泰和县山药线虫危害最为严重,山药样品中线虫检出率分别为66.7％和88.9％.南方根结线虫在江西省山药产区不是优势种群,呈零星发生.此外,山药样品中存在两种线虫的单一种群侵染和复合种群侵染,分别占总样品数的87.1％和12.9％.综上,本研究明确了江西省山药主产区病原线虫的优势种是咖啡短体线虫,为江西省山药病原线虫的科学防控提供了有价值的参考依据.

Many essential oils have excellent insecticidal activity and have the potential to be developed as alternatives to chemical insecticides for pest control. Previously, we showed that β‐asarone, a major constituent of the essential oil derived from Acorus calamus L. (Acoraceae), has strong pesticidal activity against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), the most notorious rice pest in Asia. Here, we report the first evaluation of the sublethal and transgenerational effects of β‐asarone on N. lugens . β‐Asarone significantly decreased female longevity, male longevity, fecundity, and hatchability of F 0 generation individuals exposed to the LD 30 and LD 45 of β‐asarone relative to the acetone control. Moreover, compared with acetone, exposure to LD 30 and LD 45 of β‐asarone significantly shortened the duration of the egg stage, developmental duration of first instars, and female longevity of F 1 generation individuals. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rates (R 0 ) of insects treated with LD 30 and LD 45 of β‐asarone were significantly lower than those of insects treated with acetone. Compared with acetone, the fecundity and hatchability of F 1 generation individuals were significantly decreased after exposure to β‐asarone at LD 30 and LD 45 . These findings indicate the negative effects of sublethal doses of β‐asarone on N. lugens and provide novel information on the potential use of β‐asarone as a substitute chemical pesticide.

以苗期山药土壤为研究对象,以土壤线虫群落和土壤理化性质为分析指标,探究6种杀线剂对山药土壤环境的影响,旨在为山药线虫病的科学防治提供参考.结果 表明,6种杀线剂对山药土壤含水量、pH、有机质、铵态氮及速效钾含量无显著影响,但均可显著降低土壤速效磷含量.与清水处理(CK)相比,6种杀线剂不仅可大幅提高土壤中有益的食细菌类线虫的相对丰度,也使有害的植物寄生类线虫的相对丰度显著降低,且对拟丽突属Acrobe-loides的促生作用以及对根结属Meloidog yne和短体属Pratylenchus的灭杀作用最为明显,尤其是10.5％阿维·噻唑膦颗粒剂和41.7％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂,但其也均使有益的食细菌类线虫真头叶属Eucephalobus和丽突属Ac-robeles相对丰度显著降低70％以上.对土壤线虫生态指数分析表明,10.5％阿维·噻唑膦颗粒剂和41.7％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂处理的土壤线虫丰富度指数(SR)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)均显著升高,植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)和成熟度指数(MD无显著变化,但多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')和营养类群指数(TD)均显著降低;2.5亿孢子/g厚孢轮枝菌颗粒剂、50亿孢子/g淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂、20％辣根素水剂和10亿孢子/g茶枯抑线生物菌肥(解淀粉芽胞杆菌)不仅可显著降低土壤线虫PPI和PPI/MI、大幅提高SR,对土壤线虫H'、J'和WI和MI影响不大,但50亿孢子/g淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂和10亿孢子/g茶枯抑线生物菌肥(解淀粉芽胞杆菌)处理的TD显著降低.相关性分析结果表明,速效磷含量与土壤线虫数量、属数及植物寄生类线虫相对丰度均呈极显著正相关.综上,6种杀线剂可有效控制植物寄生类线虫种群数量,但2种化学杀线剂还会对土壤有益线虫、土壤养分及线虫群落的多样性和均匀度等产生明显负作用,对土壤环境干扰较大.

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of insects play crucial roles in the metabolic detoxification of insecticides. Our previous finding showed that two cytochrome P450 genes, both CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2, in the BPH underwent overexpression due to β-asarone. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics, expression patterns and functions of these two cytochrome P450 genes. The results showed that CYP301B1 had the highest expression level in the eggs, while CYP6AX1v2 was expressed in macropterous female adults. Moreover, the expression level of CYP301B1 in the head was higher than that in the integument, fat body and gut. The expression level of CYP6AX1v2 in the fat body and gut was higher than that in head and integument. Importantly, silencing CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2 separately could increase the sensitivity, resulting in significant higher mortality of BPH following treatment with β-asarone. Our findings indicated that CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2 could contribute to the resistance of BPH to β-asarone, and these two genes may be involved in the detoxification metabolism of β-asarone in BPH.

RNA干扰（RNAi）是生物体内源基因发生转录后特异性降解的一种生理现象,广泛存在于生物体内。RNAi主要由小干扰RNA诱发阻碍目的基因的翻译或转录,造成目标信使RNA沉默。RNAi具有高效、特异性强等优点,被广泛应用于昆虫基因功能研究,并显示出了开发新型病虫害管理策略的巨大潜力。主要阐述了RNAi的沉默机制,双链RNA转入昆虫体内的几种方式,以及RNAi技术在不同目昆虫中研究的最新进展。最后,对RNAi技术存在的不足之处进行了简单总结,还对RNAi技术在害虫防治中的应用进行了展望,以期为该技术广泛应用于农业害虫防治提供理论支持。

为明确山药不同种植模式(两茬间隔0、3、6、10 a,分别记为YPI-0、YPI-3、YPI-6和YPI-10)对土壤环境的影响,以土壤线虫群落和土壤理化性质为分析指标,采用线虫形态学鉴定方法和土壤常规分析方法进行研究,以期为通过改变种植模式防治植物寄生线虫提供理论依据.结果表明,不同种植模式下土壤pH值,及有机质、速效钾含量无显著差异,但YPI-6和YPI-10处理的土壤速效磷含量显著(P＜0.05)低于YPI-0和YPI-3处理.苗期和成熟期,YPI-10处理土壤中食细菌线虫的相对丰度显著(P ＜0.05)高于YPI-0处理,而植物寄生线虫的相对丰度显著(P＜0.05)低于YPI-0处理.冗余分析结果显示,垫刃线虫属(Tylenchus)、根结线虫属(Meloidogynae)、短体线虫属(Pratylenchus)的数量与土壤速效磷、速效钾含量呈显著(P ＜ 0.05)正相关,大部分食细菌线虫的数量与土壤pH值,及有机质、铵态氮含量呈显著(P ＜0.05)正相关.苗期和成熟期,不同种植模式下土壤线虫的Shannon多样性指数(H')、优势度指数(A)无显著差异;线虫通路比值(NCR)均大于0.5,表明山药不同种植模式下土壤有机质的分解均以细菌降解为主;瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)和自由生活线虫成熟度指数(MI)在YPI-6和YPI-10处理下显著(P ＜ 0.05)高于YPI-0处理,而植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(PPI)与MI之比(PPI/MI)显著(P＜0.05)低于YPI-0处理.综上,增加山药种植间隔期改变了山药土壤线虫群落结构,不仅使有害的植物寄生线虫丰度大幅降低,也使土壤生态系统更加成熟,健康程度明显提高,随着间隔年限的增加,其效果更佳.

为明确常用杀线剂对土壤环境的影响,采用土壤常规分析方法,研究2种化学杀线剂(阿维·噻唑膦和氟吡菌酰胺)和4种生物杀线剂(厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉、辣根素和茶枯抑线生物菌肥)对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和土壤养分的影响.结果表明,与不施用杀线剂的对照相比,2种化学杀线剂对苗期土壤细菌和真菌数量均表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而至成熟期后土壤细菌和真菌数量均降至对照水平及以下.4种生物杀线剂中,茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期土壤细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用,对真菌数量表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,在成熟期对土壤细菌数量和细菌/真菌表现出显著(P<0.05)的促进作用,而对真菌数量无显著影响.6种杀线剂施用后对土壤脲酶活性均无显著影响.2种化学杀线剂和生物杀线剂厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉和辣根素对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在苗期和成熟期分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的增强作用和抑制作用,茶枯抑线生物菌肥仅对成熟期的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用.茶枯抑线生物菌肥对苗期和成熟期的土壤蔗糖酶活性分别表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用和促进作用,其他杀线剂则始终表现出显著(P<0.05)的抑制作用.6种杀线剂显著(P<0.05)影响土壤铵态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量.施用杀线剂后,土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量在苗期时与对照相比无显著变化,至成熟期后,除茶枯抑线生物菌肥处理的土壤铵态氮含量外,其他处理的土壤铵态氮和速效钾含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照.苗期时,施用杀线剂各处理的土壤速效磷含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照;但成熟期时,各处理的土壤速效磷含量无显著差异.综上,这6种杀线剂对土壤微生物、土壤脲酶和土壤养分的影响随着时间的延长可逐渐恢复,但对土壤酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性的作用效果持续时间较长,可在一定程度上干扰土壤中的有机磷矿化和碳循环.

There is little information about nematode pests associated with yam in China. Between 2020 and 2021, surveys of yam fields were conducted to investigate the abundance and prevalence of plant-parasitic nematodes in major yam growing areas. A total of 110 bulk soil samples from the yam rhizosphere and 48 yam tubers were collected from seven counties in Jiangxi and Shandong provinces. Standard protocols were used to extract nematodes from soil and tubers and identified at the genus level. In this study, 16 species and 13 nematode genera were recorded. The five most prominent species on the yam rhizosphere according to mean population densities were Pratylenchus coffeae (291/individuals), Meloidogyne (262/individuals), Rotylenchulus reniformis (225/individuals), Merlinius (224/individuals), and Helicotylenchus dihystera (171/individuals). In the tubers, the three most prominent species were Pratylenchus coffeae (415/individuals), Meloidogyne (331/individuals), and Rotylenchulus reniformis (115/individuals). These species were verified with appropriate molecular analysis. The high prevalence of the ectoparasite (Merlinius spp.) on the rhizosphere of yam also revealed that Merlinius spp. May be more important to yam than previously thought. Morphological and molecular analyses further confirmed the identity of the species as Merlinius brevidens and were characterized for the first time on yam in China. Minor morphometrical differences (slightly longer body and stylet) were observed in Chinese populations of M. brevidens compared to the original description. Additionally, this study reveals that M. brevidens isolated from China showed a higher nucleotide sequence in the ITS region compared to M. brevidens populations from India. This finding provides baseline information on the nematode pest occurrence on yam in China and calls for effective management.

根据浅生槽泰和竹篙薯的生长特性,在其块茎生长阶段之前间作西瓜,充分利用浅生槽竹篙薯田块的自然资源,可大幅增加田块的生物产出,显著提高经济效益.本文总结了浅生槽竹篙薯间作西瓜高效栽培技术,以期为种植户提供参考.

为明确山药连作障碍产生的原因,以种植1茬和种植2茬(两茬间隔6 a)的成熟期瑞昌山药土样为研究对象,采用土壤常规分析方法测定土壤酶活性和养分含量,研究山药种植年限对土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响.结果表明,与CK(即种植前)相比,种植1茬和种植2茬(两茬间隔6 a)的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和蔗糖酶活性均显著降低,降幅分别达19.72％和45.23％、44.25％和56.74％,土壤pH值和有机质含量也均分别显著降低1.51、1.79个单位和64.09％、76.99％,种植2茬(两茬间隔6 a)的土壤脲酶活性也显著降低48.27％.相关分析表明,脲酶活性与有机质含量,酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤pH值、有机质含量和脲酶活性,蔗糖酶活性与土壤pH值、有机质含量和酸性磷酸酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关.综上,种植山药可使土壤pH值和有机质含量大幅降低,进而降低土壤酶活性而使土壤质量下降.由此推断,山药种植后引起的土壤理化性质改变可能是连作障碍产生的部分原因.建议山药种植地块适当提高碱性肥料和富含有机质肥料的施用量.

为筛选对马铃薯旱作地和水旱轮作地两种类型地块主要病害具有较好防效的生物药剂,采用播种期土壤处理法,分别研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、氨基寡糖素、多抗霉素、寡雄腐霉菌和辣根素5种生物药剂对马铃薯早疫病、晚疫病和疮痂病的田间防效.结果 表明:防治旱疫病以辣根素和氨基寡糖素的防治效果最好,两种类型地块的防治效果均高于60％;防治晚疫病以多抗霉素和氨基寡糖素的防治效果最好,在旱作地和水旱轮作地分别高于40％和25％;防治疮痂病以枯草芽孢杆菌和氨基寡糖素的防治效果最好,其旱作地和水旱轮作地的防治效果均分别高于80％和25％.各种药剂在旱作地的防治效果整体优于水旱轮作地.

Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is a serious pest of rice and has evolved different levels of resistance against most chemical pesticides. beta-asarone is the main bioactive insecticidal compound of Acorus calamus L. that shows strong insecticidal activity against pests. In this study, we conducted a bioassay experiment to determine the contact toxicity of beta-asarone to N. lugens nymphs. The LD30 sublethal dose was 0.106 mu g per nymph, with 95% confidence limits of 0.070-0.140 mu g. We applied the LD30 concentration of beta-asarone to nymphs for 24 h or 72 h and then performed a transcriptome sequence analysis by referencing the N. lugens genome to characterize the variation. The transcriptomic analysis showed that several GO terms and KEGG pathways presented significant changes. Individually, 126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 72 upregulated and 54 down regulated genes, were identified at 24 h, and 1771 DEGs, including 882 upregulated and 889 downregulated genes, were identified at 72 h. From the DEGs, we identified a total of 40 detoxification-related genes, including eighteen Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes (P450s), three Glutathione S-transferase genes, one Carboxylesterase gene, twelve UDP-glucosyltransferases and six ATP-binding cassette genes. We selected the eighteen P450s for subsequent verification by quantitative PCR. These findings indicated that beta-asarone presented strong contact toxicity to N. lugens nymphs and induced obvious variation of detoxification-related genes that may be involved in the response to beta-asarone.

In order to select suitable fungicides for the control of rape sclerotinia stem rot(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in Jiangxi province, the toxicity of 8 fungicides on Sclerotinia sclerotiorium was tested in laboratory by colony diameter law, and the experiment of controlling effect was carried out in field by conventional spray. The results showed that the Sclerotinia sclerotiorium was highly sensitive to tebuconazole, pochloraz, fluazinam, carbendazim, boscalid, procymidone and pyraclostrobin, EC50 of which were between 0.005 μg／mL and 0.174 μg／mL, but insensitive to mancozeb. Procymidone, carbendazim,tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin showed better controlling effect in field, with efficacy of 86.44%, 82.48%, 81.35% and 77.40%, respectively.

In order to screen the efficient and safety of chemical herbicides applied in direct seeding rape field, as well as in flood and drought rotation field of Jiangxi province, both methods of soil-sprayed pre-emergence and stem and leaf-sprayed post-emergence were applied for testing the control efficacy of several chemical herbicides against the major weeds of Alopecurus aequalis and Beckmannia syzigachne and their bio-safety to the rape. Results indicated that the acetochlor and metolachlor showed good control efficacy after soil-sprayed, the values of control efficacy against the major weeds were 69.2﹪and 59.0﹪ at 45 days post-treatment, which were significantly superior to the pendimethalin and butachlor, and etc. The sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl showed good control efficacy and bio-safety after stem and leaf-sprayed post-emergence, the values of control efficacy against the major weeds were 65.9﹪ and 50.0﹪ at 15 days post-treatment, and the weed index were 25.0 and 16.7, respectively. Acetochlor and metolachlor showed a certain side-effect on the emergence of rape because of the high humidity in soil. The oxyfluorfen couldn’t be applied for controlling the weeds of rape field due to its serious phytotoxicity.