Objective To explore the relationship between gastric juice pH and hospital-acquired pneumonia ( HAP) , the gastric bacterial colonization and etiology of HAP in neurologic intensive care unit patients by monitoring gastric juice pH value.Methods From October 2014 to May 2015, consecutive seventy-two tube feeding patients admitted in the Department of Neurology Intensive Care Unit in Xijing Hospital were enrolled in this research.The type and concentration of pathogens from gastric contents were collected, while samples from upper respiratory tract and pharynx were detected dynamically at the same time.Results (1)The group with new onset HAP was higher in gastric juice pH (6.4(5.4,6.4) vs 5.4 (2.5, 6.4), Z=-2.37, P=0.01); (2) The isolation rate of colonized bacteria in gastric cavity was associated with the pH of gastric juice , achieving 60.8% ( 42/69 ) in HAP group; ( 3 ) When the gastric juice pH was >4, the isolation rate of Gram-negative bacilli in gastric cavity obviously increased (63.6%(28/44) vs 35.7%(10/28),χ2 =5.323, P=0.021); (4)The same pathogens were found in stomach-pharynx-upper respiratory tract in 7 cases ( 17.5%) of the total 40 HAP patients.Conclusion Increased gastric juice pH was associated with gastric colonization , especially Gram-negative bacilli , and may lead to a higher incidence of new onset HAP in patients on enteral feeding.

目的 探讨眼睑肌阵挛失神癫痫的临床特点、脑电图特征、治疗以及预后.方法 对4例眼睑肌阵挛失神癫痫患者的临床症状、脑电图特点以及对抗癫痫药物治疗反应进行观察,并行文献回顾加以总结.结果 4例患者均为男性,表现为反复发生的眼睑肌阵挛及或眼球频繁向上滚动、伴短暂失神,脑电图伴频繁的高波幅的3～6 Hz棘慢波或多棘慢波发放,常由强光下合眼或闪光刺激诱发.发病至确诊时间为0 ～14年不等,其中3例因出现全面强直-阵挛发作(GTCS)就诊后行视频脑电监测时方确诊.病理波多位于前额、额、前颞、中线额导,枕导亦可见,但以额导显著.结论 眼睑肌阵挛失神癫痫由于复杂的症状学和抗癫痫药物的影响所致的脑电变化的遮蔽,常导致漏诊,规范的询问病史及常规行视频脑电检查对明确诊断具有极其重要价值.

目的:探讨Gastaut型特发性儿童枕叶癫的临床特征及预后情况.方法:对确诊为迟发型枕叶癫的15例患儿应用抗癫药物进行治疗,随诊并分析其临床特点、脑电图特征及预后情况.结果:发病平均年龄为9.1岁,男9例,女6例,临床特征为全部以全面性强直阵挛发作来就诊,追问病史后,常在全面性强直阵挛发作前1~2年有视幻觉、头眼偏斜及偏头痛等症状.简单视幻觉11例(73%),发作性视盲或视力模糊8例(53%),头痛7例(47%),眼球偏转10例(67%).发作间期脑电图示枕部导联为主的后头部棘波放电,单侧或双侧枕部导联出现,左右同步或不同步,常为闭眼诱发,睁眼抑制,伴同侧后颞导联棘波活动11例(73%),弥漫性棘波放电3例(20%).大部分单药治疗有效,部分需要联合用药.13例(87%)服药期间未再出现临床发作,2例服药后发作减少,但不能完全控制发作,其中有4例患儿服药后超过3年以上未再出现临床发作,并有停药后再次复发病史.结论:Gastaut型枕叶癫起病较晚,其临床表现较有特征,日间视觉症状突出,大多发作频繁,脑电图以枕导棘波放电为特点,抗癫药物控制效果较好,但停药后易复发,其归类为良性儿童癫综合征存在一定争议.