本研究通过与2010年土壤参数对比,分析评价了2019年洛阳烟区土壤养分关键指标的丰缺状况及10 a间土壤肥力的演变趋势,并进一步探讨了不同前茬作物对土壤养分的影响.结果显示:1)2019年洛阳烟区整体土壤肥力表现为碱解氮、 速效磷、 速效钾含量处于适宜至偏高水平,水溶性氯离子含量适宜,有效锌含量处于偏低至适宜水平.与2010年相比,2019年洛阳烟区土壤碱解氮、 速效磷和速效钾含量显著增加,且碱解氮和速效钾含量变异系数增大.土壤碱解氮含量的适宜比例下降,而偏高至很高比例提高;速效磷含量偏低比例下降,而适宜至很高比例提高;速效钾含量偏低至适宜比例略有下降,偏高至很高比例提高;土壤水溶性氯离子含量也显著增加,适宜比例略有下降;土壤有效锌含量略有下降,适宜比例略有降低,偏低比例增加.2)不同前茬作物类型土壤养分含量也存在较大差异.土壤平均碱解氮含量以玉米茬最高,红薯茬次之,二者整体处于偏高水平,适宜比例以谷子茬最高,玉米茬最低;平均速效磷含量以红薯茬最高,处于偏高水平,谷茬最低,处于偏低水平,适宜比例以大豆茬最高,红薯茬最低;平均速效钾含量以红薯茬最高,烟草、 花生和辣椒茬次之,均处于偏高水平,适宜比例以大豆茬最高,红薯茬最低;平均水溶性氯离子含量以辣椒茬最高,红薯茬最低,但均处于适宜范围,适宜比例以大豆茬和谷子茬最高,花生茬最低;平均有效锌含量以红薯茬最高,烟草茬次之,二者处于适宜水平,适宜比例以红薯茬最高,大豆茬最低.基于本研究结果,建议洛阳烟区依据土壤养分现状和前茬作物类型,因地制宜地确定后茬烟叶的施肥量和施肥比例,适量增施锌肥.

针对输电铁塔危险部位的检修工作,设计了一种新型攀爬机器人;根据攀爬机器人的运动环境和夹持方式,设计了一种由磁吸附和机械夹持结合的复合结构,以保证夹持的可靠性和准确性.该夹持手爪由一个电机驱动,通过齿轮传动带动螺旋升降机上下运动,从而实现爪部对角钢的夹紧;同时,通过电磁铁吸附角钢,实现对角钢的双重夹持,可有效抵御攀爬机器人在铁塔上的坠落危险.介绍了夹持机构的设计过程,建立夹持机构的三维模型,对其进行了静力学分析和仿真;并通过实验验证了其合理性.

为明确外源褪黑素（MT）对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗生长缓解的生理机制。以抗旱性不同的两个烤烟品种‘豫烟6号’（Y6,耐旱型）和‘豫烟10号’（Y10,敏感型）为材料,研究了喷施0. 2 mmol·L -1 外源MT对干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗生长、叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合碳同化酶活性、碳水化合物和内源激素含量的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,两个烟草品种幼苗的生长均受到不同程度的抑制,且Y10的变化幅度大于Y6;外源褪黑素能有效增加干旱胁迫下烟草幼苗的株高、茎粗、生物量,降低根冠比,提高PSⅡ最大光化学效率（F v /F m ）、实际光化学效率(Φ PSⅡ )和光化学猝灭系数（qP）,降低非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,提高景天庚酮糖-1,7-二磷酸酶（SBPase）和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶（Rubisco）活性,增加可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖、生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA）和玉米素核苷（ZR）含量,减少淀粉和脱落酸（ABA）含量,且对抗旱性弱的‘豫烟10号’作用效果更强。说明外源MT能够通过增强光合碳同化酶活性,调节叶片内源激素和碳水化合物的代谢,从而缓解干旱胁迫对光合机构的伤害,增强烟草幼苗的抗旱性。

[目的]探讨外源2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)对干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长的调控效应与生理机制.[方法]以烤烟品种'豫烟6号'为材料,采用Hoagland营养液水培法,研究不同质量浓度EBR(0,0.10,0.20和0.40 mg/L)对PEG-6000(质量分数15％)模拟干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长、活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性和光合荧光特性的影响.[结果]干旱胁迫对烤烟幼苗造成了严重的氧化伤害和光抑制,添加不同质量浓度的EBR后,烤烟幼苗的总根长、总根表面积、根平均直径、根尖数、地上部和地下部鲜质量均明显提高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高,而超氧阴离子(O2·-)和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降;幼苗叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)明显提高,而胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)显著降低;PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著提高,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著降低.上述指标均以0.20 mg/L EBR处理的效果最为显著.[结论]在干旱胁迫下,外源EBR能够通过提高烤烟幼苗的抗氧化酶活性,减轻细胞膜氧化损伤,从而增强烟草幼苗对干旱胁迫的耐受性,并通过提高叶片对光能的捕获与转化能力,增强叶片光合效能,促进烟苗的生长.

针对滚动轴承的振动信号受到强噪声污染故障特征提取困难的问题,提出一种结合完整集成经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)辅助快速谱峭度图算法(Fast Kurtogram)的轴承故障诊断方法,首先将信号通过CEEMDAN分解为多个模态分量(IMF)及余量,计算出各个IMF分量的峭度值,并利用峭度值对分量信号进行重构;然后利用快速谱峭度图算法对重构信号进行处理,可以得到良好的故障带宽与中心频率.实测数据表明,该方法能够有效检测出轴承内圈故障.

为探究干旱胁迫下外源硫化氢(H2S)对烟草幼苗生长的缓解效应与机制,以烤烟‘豫烟6号’品种为试验材料,采用营养液水培的方法,研究15％聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施不同浓度(0、0.1、0.2和0.4mmol·L-1)硫氢化钠(NaHS)对烤烟幼苗生长、活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量和光合荧光特性的影响.结果 显示:(1)干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗生长受到显著抑制.(2)外源H2S处理显著提高了干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗的地上部与地下部生物量,增加了总根长、总根表面积、根平均直径、根尖数,提高了叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),增强了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子(O2·)产生速率,其中以0.20mmol·L-1 NaHS处理效果最佳.(3)与单独干旱胁迫处理相比,叶面喷施0.20 mmol·L-1 NaHS使烟苗地上部和地下部生物量分别提高了41.82％和44.83％,SPAD、Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP分别提高62.88％、246.96％、8.43％、23.71％和10.84％,Ci和NPQ分别降低25.79％和22.68％,SOD、POD和CAT活性分别增加50.67％、140.59％和71.68％,MDA含量和O2·产生速率分别降低40.08％和47.58％.研究表明,外源H2S处理通过提高烟草幼苗对光能的捕获与转换,增强光合作用,促进烟苗生长,并通过提高幼苗的抗氧化水平,减少干旱胁迫对烟草幼苗造成的氧化损伤,从而增强烤烟幼苗对于旱胁迫的适应能力.

针对滚动轴承运行过程中引发的滚动体故障、内圈故障以及外圈故障,文章第一次将人工鱼群优化支持向量机的算法用于滚动轴承故障类型的诊断识别.同时,将该算法诊断识别的结果与PSO-SVM、GA-SVM的结果进行比较.通过对比分析可知,该算法故障诊断识别的准确率为95％,PSO-SVM的准确率为85％,GA-SVM的准确率为87.5％.这表明了,该算法在滚动轴承故障类型的诊断识别方面,具有良好的故障诊断识别效果.

为探究外源褪黑素(MT)在增强烤烟干旱胁迫耐受性中的作用,以耐旱型的‘豫烟6号’和干旱敏感型的‘豫烟10号’为材料,利用15％的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟中度干旱环境,研究干旱胁迫条件下叶面喷施不同浓度的MT(0,0.1,0.2,0.4 mmol·L-1)对烤烟幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光、抗氧化酶活性及活性氧代谢的影响.结果 表明:干旱胁迫下外源MT处理可显著增加烤烟幼苗的总根长、总根表面积、根平均直径和根尖数;提高叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv／Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),减缓叶片中胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)的升高,有效减轻干旱胁迫对烤烟幼苗叶片光合作用的气孔限制和非气孔限制;提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增强烟苗的抗氧化性能;降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和O2-·产生速率,有效缓解干旱胁迫对膜的伤害,增强烟苗耐受性;其中干旱敏感型品种‘豫烟10号’变化幅度大于耐旱型品种‘豫烟6号’;随着外源MT浓度的增加,2个烤烟品种幼苗的生长指标均表现出先升高后降低的趋势,以叶面喷施0.2 mmol·L-1的MT对烟苗生长的促进效果最佳.因此,在干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施适宜浓度的MT能提高烟草幼苗对光能的捕获与转换,增强光合作用,促进烟苗的生长;并能够通过增强烟苗的抗氧化能力,缓解氧化伤害,从而增强烟草幼苗对于旱逆境的适应性,且对干旱敏感型品种‘豫烟10号’的效果更为显著.

[目的]为探明外源褪黑素(melatonin,MT)与2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)对干旱胁迫下植物的缓解作用.[方法]以烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)品种'豫烟6号'为试材,采用营养液水培法,研究了15％ 聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫下,单独和复配施用外源MT、EBR对烤烟幼苗生长、活性氧生成、抗氧化系统、光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.[结果]干旱胁迫下,MT、EBR单独和复配处理均能显著促进干旱胁迫下烤烟幼苗的生长,增强根系活力,降低超氧阴离子(O2-)生成速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)、光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低胞间二氧化碳(Ci)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ),其中以MT和EBR复配处理效果最好.[结论]外源MT、EBR单独和复配处理均能通过提高烟苗的抗氧化酶活性,减少活性氧的积累,提高光合电子传递速率,增强光合作用能力,促进烤烟幼苗的生长,从而增强其对干旱胁迫的耐受性,且MT和EBR复配在提高烤烟幼苗抗旱方面具有协同增效的作用.

To explore the alleviation mechanism of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the growth of plant under osmotic stress, hydroponic experiments were conducted on flue-cured tobacco of cv. Yuyan 6 in laboratories to study the effects of exogenous Spd at different concentrations(0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mmol·L-1). Plant growth, active oxygen metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, relative chlorophyll content(Soil and Plant Analyzer Development, SPAD)and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under osmotic stress were simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). The results showed that osmotic stress inhibited the growth of tobacco seedlings, while spraying exogenous Spd on leaves significantly increased the biomass, root length, root surface area, root average diameter and root tip number of tobacco seedlings. In addition, the treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT), reduced O2.- producing rate and malondialdehyde(MDA)content, and raised the relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ( Φ PS Ⅱ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and decreased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C)i and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)of tobacco seedlings under osmotic stress; especially Spd at the concentration of 0.4 mmol·L-1. Therefore, exogenous Spd could effectively improve the antioxidant capacities of flue-cured tobacco seedlings under osmotic stress, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen radicals to maintain the stability of cell membrane, promote root development, photochemical electron transport efficiency and photosynthesis; thereby the damage of flue-cured tobacco seedlings caused by osmotic stress alleviates.

First ,the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel were introduced ,the de-veloping process and research status of domestic and foreign ammonia-fueled engines were analyzed ,and the advantages of tech-nical feasibility ,popularization and application foundation ,energy saving ,environment protection and energy security were studied .Then ,the forthcoming challenges and coping strategies in the future were discussed .Finally ,the development trend was pointed out .

This article puts forward a parallel control method of multiple servo based on the mine search and rescue crawling robot with 6 foot, which can realize single control for each servo. In order to identify servo angle conveniently, a representing method of the servo angle is proposed when access the servo angle. Hardware circuit is composed of AT90S8515 and 74HC595, which can save a lot of ports for SCM. The 24 road PWM wave is as an example in programming and the simulation results are given in the last.

Based on the virtual instrument technology and LabVIEW software,the intelligent monitoring and control system of the greenhouse is designed and developed.In the system,AT89S54 master controller is used to control the crop growth environment in the greenhouse.With LabVIEW 2010 for the software development platform,using visual programming and database technology,the system provides a high quality human-computer interaction interface and simple operation platform for the greenhouse staff to realize the acquisition,processing,display,storage,query and analog control of greenhouse parameters.

Based on the development of National Instruments Company LabVIEW graphical programming development software platform,design turbine typical fault monitoring and diagnosis system,such as the turbine pressure pulsation,vibration and pendulum degree and cavitations erosion of software research system,with the help of LabVIEW powerful data acquisition analysis processing function,the paper designed the signal acquisition,signal analysis,signal processing,the results display and diagnosis signal of the whole system,established research signal spectrum galleries and met the demand of analysis of the diversity of research signal.The system can continuously online monitoring state of the characteristics of turbine signal,and real-time show detected signals change processes,according to the acquisition signal data research combined with the turbine failure mechanism and characters,quickly judge the faults of the type and parts,and then provide reliable basis and the necessary information for maintenance,and then save the enterprise cost and improve enterprise benefit.

本研究采用《想法出现问卷》(TOQ)和《成就目标定向量表》对河南省986名中学生进行调查,概括出中学生认知干扰和成就目标定向的总体状况,探讨认知干扰、成就目标定向、学业成绩之间的相关关系,并通过回归分析考察认知干扰和成就目标定向对学生学业成绩的影响,从而为学校制定教育决策,为教师改变教学方式,提高学生学业成绩提供理论支持.

The effects were examined of microwave power,microwave radiation time,yeast concentration and pH on yeast cell breakage were examined.The breakage rate of yeast cells was measured by the numbers of yeast cells and the ammonia nitrogen contents before and after the breakage,by which the best breakage conditions were determined.Through single factor and orthogonal experiments,the best technique combination was found as followed: Under the conditions of 4% yeast concentration,pH 6.0 and 600 W of microwave power,do 40 min of microwave radiation,add 1% papain addition and neutral protease of 1∶1 mass ratio and 3% NaCl,and keeping the autolysis in 55 ℃ constant temperature for 2 hours.

Natural deep processed food is a type of food which meets its process control and quality standards,whose primary materials meet Nuisanceless Argo-Food Standards,free of organic synthetics and with naturalness≥99.3%.The significance was discussed of the construction of a producing and supervising system for the production of deep processed natural food.Detection methods were put forward for degree of naturalness of food based on isotope technologies.Approaches were expounded for natural food additives and natural deepprocessed food were expounded.

The influences of different thickening agents on the sedimentation rate and the sensory characteristics of process flavorings were studied. Through single factor experiments, three best thickening agents were selected among propylene glycol alginate, xanthan gum, sodium carboxyl methyl eellulose, modified starch and guar gum, and then orthogonal experiments were carried out. The results showed that the quality and the stability of process flavoring were optimal when xanthan gum was 0.15% , modified starch was 3.0% , and CMC-Na was 0. 25%.

JAAS is the API mechanism of Java authentication and authorized service.In addition to the authentication and authorization mechanism,the security of JAAS is also reflected in the full usage of Java2 Platform security system.This article gives separate analyses on the JAAS security from two aspects of authentication and authorization,combining the Java2 platform security system analysis,the way the JAAS mechanism guarantees its own security has been explained by fully using the flexibility and the security of Java language.

13 activities of SDL developing process are divided into 5 courses in this paper,and every activity in these 5 courses is elucidated.Meanwhile,the security of each course is analyzed.The SDL is represented higher security in software development when comparing with traditional development pattern.Finally,successful application case of SDL in Microsoft's practice is introduced to demonstrate its high practical application value.