BACKGROUND:Given the pivotal role of macrophages in both the progression and regenerative phases of periodontitis, targeting macrophage-mediated immunity represents a novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis management. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) has been previously implicated in inflammatory processes. However, how UCHL1 regulates macrophage immune response in periodontitis remains to be elucidated. METHODS:Ligature-induced periodontitis mice and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g LPS) were used to investigate the expression of UCHL1 in macrophages during immune responses. Lentivirus and an inhibitor were conducted to determine the role of UCHL1 in the periodontitis-associated macrophage immune response. The mitochondrial function and the endoplasmic reticulum status of macrophages were examined to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we constructed hydrogels containing UCHL1 inhibitor and evaluated their efficacy in treating periodontitis. RESULTS:The expression of UCHL1 was upregulated in proinflammatory immune response of periodontitis-associated macrophages. Inhibition of UCHL1 reduced the expression and release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, inhibition of UCHL1 in macrophages improved the osteogenesis and migration ability of MC3T3-E1 cells in the co-culture system. Mechanistically, inhibition of UCHL1 ameliorated LPS-induced mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages. LDN@GelMA hydrogel had great in vitro anti-inflammatory and bone-promoting effects. Periodontal injection of LDN@GelMA hydrogel alleviated local inflammation and promoted alveolar bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS:Our data suggest that UCHL1 may serve as a critical negative regulator for periodontitis treatment, and inhibition of UCHL1 is expected to improve the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment and promote alveolar bone regeneration.

This case report describes a 73-year-old female with essential tremor who experienced significant dissatisfaction with her maxillary complete denture. Her tremor-related dexterity impairment limited her ability to manage removable prostheses, while the excessive denture volume severely disrupted speech. Moreover, her neuromuscular condition made it challenging to adapt to a new occlusal scheme. To address these issues, a digitally guided all-on-six implant-supported prosthesis was delivered under local anesthesia, preserving her pre-existing, neuromuscularly adapted occlusion with minor esthetic adjustments to the anterior teeth. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient reported high satisfaction with both esthetics and function, along with improved speech and masticatory efficiency. This report underscores the value of digital workflows in maintaining functional adaptation and providing predictable prosthodontic solutions for patients with neuromuscular impairments.

Introduction: Dentinogenesis imperfecta type II (DGI-II) is a hereditary dental disorder characterized by severe attrition, enamel hypoplasia, and dentin exposure, leading to significant aesthetic and functional impairments. This study investigates a comprehensive digitally-assisted approach to occlusal and aesthetic reconstruction, with a focus on the target restoration space (TRS) and the strategic selection of color-guiding materials. Case description: A 30-year-old female was diagnosed with DGI-II based on clinical and genetic assessments. Key manifestations included severe dental wear, enamel hypoplasia, dentin exposure, and mandibular counterclockwise rotation. Treatment involved a multi-phase occlusal reconstruction, incorporating oral preparation, jaw position optimization, provisional and definitive restorations, and follow-up. Digital tools, including intraoral scanning and 3D facial reconstruction, enhanced precision. Due to the absence of enamel, zirconia crowns were selected for both anterior and posterior teeth to achieve the color transition from 5M2 to 2M2 within the target restoration space. Discussion: This study highlights the role of digital technology in enhancing treatment accuracy for DGI-II. The application of zirconia crowns effectively restored both function and aesthetics in the absence of enamel, while computer-assisted techniques significantly enhanced the accuracy of occlusion transfer, impression registration and color selection. Conclusion/clinical significance: Occlusal reconstruction with full-coverage crowns is an effective strategy for managing DGI-II, significantly improving aesthetics, function, and occlusal stability. Digital tools enhance treatment precision, demonstrating their value in prosthetic dentistry.

OBJECTIVES:This research aims to investigate the remote regulatory role of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p in diabetic periodontitis and to design a local drug-loading material to retard periodontal tissue destruction. METHOD:A rat model of diabetic periodontitis was established by steel wire ligation and streptozocin (STZ) injection. The remote regulating effect of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p was verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and in vivo fluorescence trafficking. Metal-organic framework (MOF) biomaterials were synthesized by the solution precipitation method. The physicochemical properties, biological properties, and therapeutic effects of drug-loading MOFs were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS:In vivo fluorescence trafficking analysis demonstrated that plasma exosomal miR-375-3p was transferred from peripheral blood to periodontal tissue. Overexpression of miR-375-3p inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and migration of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). MiR-375-3p antagomir could be successfully loaded into MOF nanoparticles and delivered into BMSCs, and miR-375-3p antagomir-loading MOFs alleviate tissue destruction in diabetic periodontitis rats. CONCLUSION:This research disclosed the remote regulatory role of plasma exosomal miR-375-3p in diabetic periodontitis, which partially contributes to the mechanism of diabetic periodontitis development. The miR-375-3p antagomir-loading MOF nanoparticles demonstrated acceptable biological properties and therapeutic capacity.

BACKGROUND:Implant surgery is a popular operation in craniomaxillofacial surgery, but the occurrence of peri-implantitis affects the success and survival rate of the implant. Research has found that Th-cell-related cytokines are associated with peri-implantitis. However, the distribution and proportions of Th-cell subsets in submandibular lymph nodes' immune environments during the progression of peri-implantitis remain unclear. METHODS:Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the 1-week ligation peri-implantitis induction (Lig 1w) group, the Lig 2w group, and the Lig 4w group (n=12). Ligation was maintained for different times to induce peri-implantitis 4 weeks after implantation. Inflammation and bone resorption were examined by clinical probing and micro-CT. The submandibular lymph nodes were harvested for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to obtain the Th-cell profiles. RESULTS:With increasing ligation time, more redness and swelling in the gingiva and more bone resorption around the implant were observed ( P <0.05). The proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells increased, the proportion of Th2 cells decreased, and the proportion of Treg cells first increased and then decreased in the lymph nodes ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS:This study provided a preliminary characterization of the temporal distribution of Th cells in lymph nodes of peri-implantitis. Persistent elevation of Th1 and Th17 proportions and decrease of Treg proportion may be the cause of bone resorption in peri-implantitis. Lymphatic drainage may be a bridge between craniomaxillofacial diseases and systemic diseases. Early immune support against T cells may be a potential therapeutic idea for the prevention of implant failure and the potential risk of systemic disease.

PURPOSE:To analyse the types of chairside CAD/CAM all-ceramic restorations and the color range of all-ceramic materials used so as to provide reference for the application of clinical chairside all-ceramic restoration and the color selection of all-ceramic materials. METHODS:IPS e.max CAD prostheses and related data were collected from January 2021 to December 2021 from the Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The number and type of restorations and the color of materials were investigated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS:A total of 1 374 restorations were included, of which 624 were crown restorations, accounting for 45.41% of the total restorations. 516 cases were veneer, accounting for 37.55%; 219 were inlays, accounting for 15.94%; fixed bridges were all adhesive bridges, with the least number with only 15 cases, accounting for 1.09%. In terms of the selection of restoration materials, the use rate of low-transparent(LT) ceramic blocks was significantly higher than that of other transparent ceramic blocks. A was the most frequently used ceramic color. The most frequently used porcelain blocks for veneers were LTA2 and LTA1; for inlay were LTA3; for crowns were LTA2 and LTA3. The blocks used in the fixed bridges were all LT, and A3 color was the majority. CONCLUSIONS:Chairside CAD/CAM all-ceramic prostheses made of IPS e.max CAD materials have been widely used in clinical practice. The types of prostheses include veneer, inset, crown and fixed bridge. The most commonly used IPS e.max CAD blocks are LTA2, LTA3 and LTA1. These findings have certain guiding significance for the clinical restoration decision and the reserve of porcelain blocks in primary hospitals.

PURPOSE:Comparing the static and dynamic occlusion of all-ceramic single crowns designed by mechanical and virtual articulators, we evaluated the accuracy of occlusal contacts of prostheses designed by virtual articulators and the feasibility of clinical application of CADCAM virtual articulators. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Nine subjects with an average age of 27 who needed crown repair were recruited. After preparation of the all-ceramic crown, two zirconia crowns were designed and fabricated through digital procedures and traditional methods. The intraoral scanner, Geomagic software and T-scan analyzer were used to analyze the occlusal contact points, areas, and the occlusal force percentage peak before the treatment and after the two crowns were temporarily fixed. RESULTS:There was a significant difference in the number of occlusal contact points and areas between the mechanical group and control group (preoperation group), but there was no obvious difference between the virtual group and control group. The occlusal contact overlapping areas of the virtual-control group were significantly larger than those of the mechanical-control group. The occlusal force percentage peak of the tested teeth was slightly larger in the mechanical group than in the virtual group. CONCLUSION:The posterior single crown designed by a virtual articulator can restore the intercuspal occlusal better than by a mechanical articulator and produce less dynamic occlusal interference. This finding suggests that virtual articulators can provide guidance for the design and adjustment of the occlusal surface of posterior single crown prostheses. Int J Prosthodont 2023. doi: 10.11607/ijp.8298.

PURPOSE:To metrically assess the reproducibility of mandibular trajectory data and mean frame parameter in guiding the design of occlusal morphology of prosthesis.METHODS:Fifteen subjects with complete dentition were selected, including 6 females and 9 males, with an average age of 22-30 years old. The mandibular trajectory data and mean frame parameter were used to guide the design of occlusal morphology of the prosthesis in the CAD system, then the occlusal morphology was compared to the original natural teeth. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software package.RESULTS:The general deviation of occlusal morphology between the prosthesis guided by mandibular trajectory data and mean frame parameter with the natural teeth was as follows: mean positive distance was (269.9±63.1) μm, (318.7±51.3) μm; mean negative distance was (-175.8±78.2) μm, (-253.7±65.6) μm; root mean square (RMS) was (267.1±84.9) μm and (304.1±82.2) μm. The vertical distance on mesial buccal cusp was (197.6±86.2) μm and (288.0±79.6) μm，distal buccal cusp was (176.3±85.3) μm and (297.7±63.2) μm, mesial lingual cusp was (171.6±62.4) μm and (246.4±62.8) μm, distal lingual cusp was (166.2±64.6) μm and (232.5±70.7) μm, central fossa was (104.9±42.2) μm and (219.1±69.1) μm. RMS, mean(-) and vertical differences of central fossa and distal buccal cusp were significantly different(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The occlusal morphology of the prosthesis designed under the guidance of mandibular trajectory data and mean frame parameter both have significant differences with natural occlusion, but the deviation guided by mandibular trajectory data is lower.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of periodontitis on Th-cell subsets in local and systemic environments. Methods: A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into periodontitis and control groups. Silk ligatures were applied to the mandibular first (M1) molars in the periodontitis group. Inflammation and alveolar bone loss around the M1 molars were analyzed by histological staining and microcomputed tomography. The mRNA expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-17, and IL-10 in the gingiva was measured by qRT-PCR. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the submandibular lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and jaw bone marrow were tested using flow cytometry. Results: More inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption were found in the periodontitis group, with upregulated mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-10. The proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in submandibular lymph nodes, and the proportion of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the proportion of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells was significantly elevated in jaw bone marrow in the periodontitis group. Conclusion: This study suggests that periodontitis affects the differentiation of Th-cell subsets in both local and systemic environments, resulting in an increased proportion of proinflammatory cells.

Although various new biomaterials have enriched the methods for peri-implant inflammation treatment, their efficacy is still debated, and secondary operations on the implant area have also caused pain for patients. Recently, strategies that regulate macrophage polarization to prevent or even treat peri-implantitis have attracted increasing attention. Here, we prepared a laser-drilled and covered with metal organic framework-miR-27a agomir nanomembrane (L-MOF-agomir) implant, which could load and sustain the release of miR-27a agomir. In vitro, the L-MOF-agomir titanium plate promoted the repolarization of LPS-stimulated macrophages from M1 to M2, and the macrophage culture supernatant promoted BMSCs osteogenesis. In a ligation-induced rat peri-implantitis model, the L-MOF-agomir implants featured strong immunomodulatory activity of macrophage polarization and alleviated ligation-induced bone resorption. The mechanism of repolarization function may be that the L-MOF-agomir implants promote the macrophage mitochondrial function and metabolism reprogramming from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting cell metabolism to regulate macrophage immunity for peri-implantitis inhibition and provides a new perspective for the development of novel multifunctional implants.

OBJECTIVES:To explore the use of immediate implant placement technique in peri-implantitis modeling, shorten the modeling period, and obtain similar effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighty rats were divided into 4 groups: immediate placement (IP), delayed placement (DP), IP-ligation (IP-L) and DP-ligation (DP-L). In the DP and DP-L groups, implants were placed 4 weeks after tooth extraction. In the IP and IP-L groups, implants were placed immediately. Four weeks later, the implants were ligated to induce peri-implantitis in the DP-L and IP-L groups. RESULTS:Nine implants were lost (3 in the IP-L and 2 each in the IP, DP, and DP-L group). The bone level decreased after ligation, and the buccal and lingual bone levels were lower in IP-L versus DP-L. The implant pullout strength was decreased after ligation. Micro-CT showed bone parameters were decreased after ligation, and the percent bone volume was higher in IP versus DP. Histology showed that the percent of CD4 + cells and IL-17 + cells was increased after ligation and higher in IP-L versus DP-L. CONCLUSIONS:We successfully introduced immediate implant placement into the modeling of peri-implantitis and observed similar bone resorption and more soft tissue inflammation in a shorter time.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of background color, ceramic type and coping thickness on masking ability (SE) and translucency parameter (TP) of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic/monolithic zirconia and, to determine the correlations between coping thickness, TP and SE.Methods: A total of 120 ceramic specimens (2 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm thickness; n = 10) of four CAD/CAM ceramics: IPS e.max, IPS ZirCAD, Upcera Li CAD and Upcera TT CAD, were studied. Specimens were tested over nine fabricated backgrounds: A1, A2, A3.5, ND2 and ND7 shade resin-based composites, cobalt-chromium alloy (CC), medium precious alloy (MPA), black (B) and white (W). CIELab values (L', a' and b'), color difference (SE) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured and calculated using a digital spectro-photometer (color i7, X-Rite, Pantone (R)). Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, three-way ANOVA, independent t-tests and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05).Results: 2 mm CAD/CAM ceramics showed ideal color matching (SE < 2.6) over different backgrounds, except for CC, B and W backgrounds. Monolithic zirconia had lower SE values than lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. SE and TP values significantly reduced with the increased coping thickness (p < 0.05). Regardless of ceramic type and thickness, a strong TP-SD of SE correlation was observed.Significance: CAD/CAM ceramic restoration color was significantly affected by background color, ceramic type and coping thickness. TP is a promising predictor for appropriate ceramic selection to receive an acceptable CAD/CAM ceramic restoration aesthetic.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Academy of Dental Materials. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creative-commons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

目的 采用数字化印模和计算机辅助设计,制作两种边缘长度的护齿器,并对上述两种护齿器在专业运动员中的使用稳定性与佩戴舒适度进行评价.方法 共纳入40名女子曲棍球职业/半职业运动员,均为恒牙列,牙周情况良好,张口度正常.检查记录口内基本情况后制取印模,灌注超硬石膏模型;使用3Shape D2000扫描仪(3Shape,丹麦)扫描模型,采用3Shape Dental System设计软件(3Shape,丹麦)设计两种不同腭侧边缘的护齿器,边缘长度分别为2 mm (MG1)与5 mm (MG2),压膜法制作两组护齿器各20副.测量各组护齿器的质量与厚度,采用平行对照方法,随访视觉评估量表,对两组护齿器在咬合、发音、呼吸、不适感、易变形程度、张闭口度、咀嚼肌酸痛程度、吞咽、恶心异物感与主观固位力各方面进行评分.结果 采用SPSS软件进行统计分析,P＜0.05被认为差异有统计学意义.结果 MG1与MG2在各测量点厚度上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),MG1组平均质量为(9.45±0.521)g,MG2组为(10.34±0.546)g,MG1较MG2质量减小8.61％ (P＜0.05).MG1在发音、不适感、吞咽与恶心感方面得分较MG2低(P＜0.05).在咬合、呼吸、变形程度、唇部闭合、肌肉酸痛、主观固位力方面,两者差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 通过计算机辅助设计的定制护齿器各测量点厚度一致.改良腭侧边缘的定制护齿器与传统护齿器相比,主观固位力无明显改变,但在发音、吞咽、不适与恶心感上有明显改善.

OBJECTIVE:To compare miRNA expression levels and predict relevant target genes and signaling pathways in peri-implantitis and periodontitis.BACKGROUND:There are many differences between periodontitis and peri-implantitis. An understanding of the similarities and differences in the transcriptional patterns of these diseases, as well as the molecular mechanisms, is beneficial for the development of management strategies.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Rat models of periodontitis (PD, n = 6) and peri-implantitis (PI, n = 5) were established by ligation. Implantation without ligation (PIC, n = 5) and normal rats (PDC, n = 6) were used as controls. Micro-CT was used to confirm the successful establishment of the model. Gingiva was harvested for miRNA transcriptome sequencing, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. miRNA target genes were predicted with miRTarBase. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed.RESULTS:Sixty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed in PI vs. PD, 105 were differentially expressed in PI vs. PIC, and 70 were differentially expressed in PD vs. PDC (log2 FC ≥1 and padj <0.05). The upregulated genes in all three comparisons were mostly involved in the biological process response to stimulus, whereas most of the downregulated genes were involved in nervous system development (p < .01). The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD and PI vs. PIC were involved in Toll-like receptor signaling and RIG-I-like signaling. The upregulated genes in PI vs. PD were involved in T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, and osteoclast differentiation. Focal adhesion was downregulated in all three comparisons, and adherens junction was downregulated in PI vs. PD and PD vs. PDC (p < .1).CONCLUSION:This study showed differences in the miRNA expression profiles between peri-implantitis and periodontitis and annotated the possible target genes and molecular mechanisms; this study could lay a foundation for the development of management strategies.

PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of implant placement between modified and traditional immediate implant placement in mandibular molar regions. METHODS Twenty-four patients were selected for immediate implantation in the molar area including 24 implantation sites. Preoperative cone-beam CT(CBCT) was conducted and then digital software Simplant 18.0 was used to design the ideal three-dimensional position of the implants. In the experimental group, the implant socket was prepared first according to reference of the remaining natural teeth, then the implant was implanted after minimally invasive extraction. Twelve patients in the control group underwent immediate implantation by traditional immediate implant procedures. Minimally invasive extraction, then socket preparation, and final implanting were performed. All patients underwent CBCT after surgery. Implant sites designed prior to surgery and actual implant sites differences between modified and traditional immediate implant placement were measured by Simplant 18.0 and compared with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS In the experimental group and control group, the measured average deviation were as follows, the angle was (4.492±0.912)° and (7.255±1.307)°, respectively; The horizontal error of the implant shoulder was (0.379±0.083) mm and (1.229±0.270) mm, respectively; The measuring horizontal error of the implant apex was (1.263±0.267) mm and (2.183±0.264) mm, respectively; The calculative horizontal error of the implant apex was (1.324±0.203) mm and (2.709±0.383) mm, respectively; Depth error of the implant apex was (0.663±0.123) mm and (1.533±0.155) mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the traditional method, modified immediate implantation can improve the accuracy of implantation in mandibular molars.

目的:探讨miR-30d拮抗剂(antagomir-30d)正性调控大鼠骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)的成骨分化作用并确认转染的最佳浓度.方法:BMSCs培养并分组,分为不同浓度的antagomir-30d(antagomir-30d组)、阴性对照(NC组)和未做转染的BMSCs(空白组);将不同浓度的antagomir-30d及其NC转染至BMSCs后进行成骨诱导.通过RT-PCR技术进行比较,测定成骨基因碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OC)、Runt相关转录因子2(RUNX2)的mRNA的表达情况,并确定最佳转染浓度及其转染效率.通过ALP染色验证antagomir-30d对成骨分化的调控作用.结果:RT-PCR结果表明,antagomir-30d体外可以促进BMSCs的成骨分化.不同浓度antagomir-30d组的成骨基因表达量随浓度变化而改变,当antagomir-30d转染浓度为150 nmol/L时,ALP、OC、RUNX2的mRNA水平均显著高于空白组和NC组(P<0.05).Antagomir-30d的转染最佳浓度为150 nmol/L,此时ALP染色结果显示其活性最高,成骨分化作用好.结论:Antagomir-30d体外正性调控BMSCs的成骨分化,其转染至BMSCs的最佳浓度为150 nmol/L.

Cisplatin (Pt(II)) resistance is an important factor in the high mortality rates of ovarian cancer. Herein, we synthesized multifunctional tumor-targeted poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs-cRGD) for monitoring therapeutic effects by dual-mode imaging and overcoming cisplatin resistance. Uniformly sized NPs-cRGD demonstrated controlled and sustained release of drugs and genes, excellent gene loading and gene protection capacity, good storage stability and no serum-induced aggregation in vitro. NPs-cRGD demonstrated clear, targeting and prolonged ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. The targeting of NPs-cRGD combined with ultrasound facilitated nanoparticle penetrattion into cells; entry was time-dependent. NPs-cRGD escaped from lysosomes, thereby preventing siBIRC5 degradation, which enabled siBIRC5 to efficiently inhibit the antiapoptosis effects of BIRC5 in SKO3-DDP to overcome the antiapoptosis properties of resistant cells. Furthermore, Pt(IV) in NPs-cRGD exhausted glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing drug accumulation to effectively increase Pt(II) levels. The subsequent combination of Pt(II) with DNA prevented the expressions of genes and upregulated the expression of p53 to induce the mitochondria apoptosis pathway. The reduced GSH activity and the generation of Pt(II) further promoted high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell apoptosis. Therefore, NPs-cRGD with ultrasound promoted the apoptosis of resistant ovarian cancer cells by multiple mechanisms, including increased cellular drug accumulation, reversed antiapoptotic effects by siBIRC5, and enhanced ROS levels. In a tumor-bearing nude mice model, NPs-cRGD with US demonstrated excellent tumor-targeting, high efficiency tumor inhibition and low systemic toxicity. Therefore, NPs-cRGD provides a means to monitor treatment processes and can be combined with ultrasound treatment to overcome ovarian cancer resistance in vitro and in vivo.

Inflammatory alveolar bone defects are caused by periodontal pathogens, are one of the most common oral diseases in the clinic, and are characterized by periodontal support tissue damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in a variety of inflammatory lesions and modulate bone metabolism through the posttranscriptional regulation of target genes. In recent years, studies have confirmed that some miRNAs play significant roles in the development of inflammatory alveolar bone defects. Therefore, we reviewed the correlation between miRNAs and inflammatory alveolar bone defects and elucidated the underlying mechanisms to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory alveolar bone defects.