Understanding how shallow lake ecosystems record and respond to anthropogenic forcing requires robust sedimentary chronologies. Conventional radionuclide tracers like Cs-137 often provide diffuse signals in such dynamic settings, limiting the resolution of historical reconstructions. This study evaluates the robustness of plutonium (Pu) isotopes as a superior geochronometer and employ it to deconvolve the history of human impacts on Lake Wuchang, a representative system in the Yangtze River basin. A multi-radionuclide (Pb-210, Cs-137, and Pu239+240) intercomparison confirmed an exclusive global fallout origin of Pu and its sharper stratigraphic integrity than Cs-137. In the undisturbed central core (WCH-2), the Pu-based chronology revealed a distinct shift from high mass accumulation rates (MARs) during 1952-1964 CE (mean 0.77 g cm(-2) yr(-1)) to low, stable MARs after 1964 CE (mean 0.27 g cm(-2) yr(-1)), driven initially by flooding and concurrent land-use changes, and later by effective flow regulation. Heavy metal profiles delineated a three-phase pollution history since the 1950s: initial enrichment (1950s-early 1960s) linked to erosion from land-use change; expanded anthropogenic inputs (mid-1960s-late 1990s) from industrial and agricultural sources; and intensified, more differentiated pollution (recent 2000s-2010s). Zn showed pronounced and persistent enrichment, statistically distinct from other metals across all phases. Its spatiotemporal pattern and association with sedimentary organic matter converge with the documented history of local aquaculture, identifying this activity as the dominant source. This work confirms the robustness of Pu isotopes as chronometers for dynamic shallow lakes and demonstrates their utility in reconstructing anthropogenic impacts on sedimentation and contaminant deposition.

Epithelial keratinocyte proliferation is an essential element of wound repair, and chronic wound conditions, such as diabetic foot, are characterized by aberrant re‐epithelialization. In this study, we examined the functional role of retinoic acid inducible‐gene I (RIG‐I), a key regulator of epidermal keratinocyte proliferation, in promoting TIMP‐1 expression. We found that RIG‐I is overexpressed in keratinocytes of skin injury and underexpressed in skin wound sites of diabetic foot and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. Moreover, mice lacking RIG‐I developed an aggravated phenotype when subjected to skin injury. Mechanistically, RIG‐I promoted keratinocyte proliferation and wound repair by inducing TIMP‐1 via the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Indeed, recombinant TIMP‐1 directly accelerated HaCaT cell proliferation in vitro and promoted wound healing in Ddx58−/− and diabetic mice in vivo. In summary, we demonstrated that RIG‐I is a crucial factor that mediates epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and may be a potential biomarker for skin injury severity, thus making it an attractive locally therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot.

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349 recovered Miocene oceanic red beds overlying the basaltic basement in the South China Sea. The occurrence of oceanic red beds provides an opportunity to understand the deep-sea redox conditions when the South China Sea was open to the western Pacific during the Miocene. Here, we investigated iron oxide mineral contents along with major element compositions of the oceanic red beds at Site U1433 to reveal the Miocene deep-sea oxidation environment of the South China Sea and its interaction with the western Pacific. The results show that these samples contain 0.20–1.48% hematite (average 0.50%) and 0.30–2.98% goethite (average 1.20%). Their contents have good linear correlations with color reflectance a* (red) and b* (yellow), respectively, implying that the reddish-brown color of the Miocene oceanic red beds resulted from a mixture of hematite and goethite. Compared to other oceanic red beds worldwide, the occurrence of hematite and goethite in the South China Sea is considered to form under an oxic bottom water environment with an extremely low sedimentation rate. The (hematite + goethite)/(100%—Al 2 O 3 ) ratio is adopted to reconstruct the evolution of bottom water oxidation during the Early–Middle Miocene. A continuously decreased oxidation trend from 18.4 to 11.6 Ma, along with two strengthened oxidation events occurring at around 15 Ma and 14 Ma, is observed to dominate the environment evolution of the abyssal South China Sea. We infer that this long-term decreased oxidation trend was caused by the gradual blocking of oxygen-rich bottom water from the western Pacific since the Early Miocene, while the two oxidation events were likely attributed to the rapid thermal subsidence of the South China Sea and the global cooling during the Middle Miocene climate transition, respectively.

Logging data are measurements of physical properties of the formation surrounding a borehole, acquired in situ after completion of coring (wireline logging) or during drilling (Logging-While-Drilling, LWD). The range of data (resistivity, gamma radiation, velocity, density, borehole images,…) in any hole depends on the scientific objectives and operational constraints.

Logging data are measurements of physical properties of the formation surrounding a borehole, acquired in situ after completion of coring (wireline logging) or during drilling (Logging-While-Drilling, LWD). The range of data (resistivity, gamma radiation, velocity, density, borehole images,…) in any hole depends on the scientific objectives and operational constraints.

Logging data are measurements of physical properties of the formation surrounding a borehole, acquired in situ after completion of coring (wireline logging) or during drilling (Logging-While-Drilling, LWD). The range of data (resistivity, gamma radiation, velocity, density, borehole images,…) in any hole depends on the scientific objectives and operational constraints.

Logging data are measurements of physical properties of the formation surrounding a borehole, acquired in situ after completion of coring (wireline logging) or during drilling (Logging-While-Drilling, LWD). The range of data (resistivity, gamma radiation, velocity, density, borehole images,…) in any hole depends on the scientific objectives and operational constraints.

Multiple stable isotope investigations from upper Eocene to lower Oligocene deep-water marine sequences record the transition from global greenhouse to the icehouse conditions (Oi-1 glacial). While Southern Ocean high latitude deep sea records of this transition are well known, their shallow marine equivalents are rare and have the potential to record the eustatic and oceanic consequences of Paleogene glacial variability. The well-known high paleolatitude (similar to 55 degrees S) neritic carbonate sequence at Browns Creek and Castle Cove in the Otway Basin in southeast Australia spans the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. During this time the area lay on the northeastern margin of the Australo-Antarctic Gulf facing the evolving Southern Ocean. The importance of this record has been hampered by a lack of a consistent stratigraphy and contradictory microfossil interpretations. To reconcile these issues we combine new bio-, chemo- and lithostratigraphic analyses of the outcrops and a new core (Colac-2) with pre-existing data to revise the stratigraphy. This confirms the middle/upper Eocene boundary is near the base of the section. The overlying upper Eocene siliciclastic strata are truncated by an unconformity (of similar to 0.8 Ma in duration) and overlain by glauconitic sand (the Notrostrea greensand) deposited after similar to 35.9 Ma. Subsequently deepening to middle to outer neritic depths deposited cyclic carbonates. Shallowing after similar to 35 Ma deposited laterally variable calcareous siliciclastic facies. These strata were tilted and eroded prior to 34 Ma leading to shallow water facies that may have been subaerially exposed during uplift. Brachiopod strontium isotope dates and an 0.5 parts per thousand carbon isotope excursion above this unconformity suggests the top of the Browns Creek and the base of the Castle Cove section correlate to Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT-1) at similar to 34 Ma. The subsequent persistence of positive C/O isotope values above this level records the transition to the Oi-1 glaciation at similar to 33.7 Ma. Strong cyclicity in the inner shelf Castle Cove limestone is interpreted to record the commencement of obliquity dominated glacio-eustacy during the Oi-1 glacial phase. The shallowing from outer to inner shelf palaeodepths from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene is likely related to the onset of cryosphere expansion, however, palaeodepth estimates are complicated by the onset of regional compressional tectonism at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary that caused localized tilting and an unconformity with possible antisiphoning effects in this near-field site.

Tropical air‐sea interaction is important in global climate change; its behavior over geological history is poorly understood but can be explored by examining reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline water temperature (TWT). Here, deglacial‐interglacial air‐sea interactions over the past 500 ka were studied by comparing U K' 37 ‐derived SST 0‐30m and TEX H 86 ‐derived TWT 75m in a sediment core from the southern South China Sea. During deglacials, SST 0‐30m and TWT 75m varied synchronously toward interglacial peaks, while during the peak interglacials, TWT 75m decreased earlier than SST 0‐30m . These changes have been found ubiquitously in tropical oceans during the last two glacial‐interglacial cycles. We propose that the prolonged warm interglacial SST was probably sustained by the natural CO 2 “overshoot” greenhouse effect at the end of most terminations. The early interglacial TWT decrease following local insolation is driven by the decreasing downward heat transport efficiency induced by weakening wind stirring.

Numerous models have been proposed to constrain the process of the South China Sea formation, yet the Paleogene paleoenvironmental researches are hindered by the paucity of long, continuous, well-dated geological records. In this work, Eocene to Oligocene nannofossil biostratigraphy and assemblage changes in a sediment section from the northern South China Sea were studied to shed light on these issues. We established an age model to confine the studied section between similar to 40 and 22 Ma based on 17 calcareous nannofossil datum levels. The age model enabled to date the most prominent seismic reflector T-60 centered at similar to 26.8 Ma, a regional tectonic event interpreted as corresponding to the "Ridge Jump Event" in the early phase of South China Sea spreading. Changes in nannofossil abundance and assemblage compositions imply continuous transgression and deepening of water depth from the Late Eocene to Early Miocene. During the Late Eocene, the studied area was a neritic sea with relatively eutrophic conditions supporting abundant R. lockeri group and C. pelagicus. From similar to 34 Ma to similar to 27 Ma, during the Oligocene, the earlier neritic environment was replaced by relative warm and oligotrophic conditions in a shallow sea, as indicated by higher concentration of C. floridanus, Sphenolithus spp. and Helicosphaera spp. Since similar to 26 Ma, pelagic conditions prevailed, small Reticulofenestra (< 5 mu m) became dominant, and Discoaster spp. also increased in response to the deepened water depth.

In 2014, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition (Exp.) 349 discovered carbonate layers at sites located in the South China Sea (SCS) central basin. Preliminary results from shipboard investigation showed that most of these carbonate layers are calcareous nannofossil ooze and interpreted them as turbidites. However, more detailed studies are required to determine their depositional mechanisms and paleoenvironmental implications. In this study, we have analyzed CaCO3 content, calcareous nannofossil abundance, assemblage composition and preservation in carbonate and clay samples from the upper Miocene sections of Site U1433 in the SCS central basin. We confirm that these carbonate layers are of turbidity current genesis but are not typical nannofossil ooze, while the clays represent regular in situ deep sea sediments. The study interval spanned approximately from 10 to 5 million years before present (Ma). Calcareous nannofossil abundance and assemblage are used to reconstruct the evolution of the upper seawater structure in the SCS central basin. Our results indicate that the seawater shifted from strongly stratified to well-mixed due to enhanced monsoon. This shift was accompanied by an increase in pelagic productivity at similar to 8 Ma. This environmental change is critical for component variations of the carbonate turbidites since we suggest that these turbidites mainly sourced from periplatform ooze in the southern SCS composed by of mixed neritic and pelagic particles. The neritic and pelagic CaCO3 production have inversed responses to the change of seawater environment in the SCS and thus cause the component variations in the carbonate turbidites of Site U1433.

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in modulating Pleistocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, we report the laser grain-size distribution and Mn geochemical data of a 523 kyr-long sediment record (core ANT30/P1-02 off Prydz Bay; East Antarctica) to trace past physical changes in the deep Southern Ocean. The core sediments are predominantly composed of clay and silt-sized material. Three grain size end-members (EM) as well as three sensitive grain size classes (SC) were discerned, interpreted as Ice Rafted Debris (EM1 and SC1), and coarse (EM2 and SC2) and fine (EM3, SC3) materials deposited from bottom nepheloid layers, respectively. Ratios of EM2/(EM2+EM3) and SC2/SC3 reveal changes in the local bottom current strength, which is related to the deep ocean diapycnal mixing rate, showing higher values during interglacial periods and lower values during glacial periods. MnO was enriched at each glacial termination, probably caused by abrupt elevations in Antarctic bottom water (AABW) formation rate. Lower AABW formation rate and reduced deep diapycnal mixing during glacial periods enhanced deep Southern Ocean stratification, contributing to glacial atmospheric CO2 drawdown. The elevated AABW formation and enhanced deep diapycnal mixing during glacial terminations alleviated such deep stratification, promoting deeply sequestered CO2 to outgas. Plain Language Summary The Southern Ocean is a key place to modulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations on different timescales. This article demonstrates that the deep stratification of the Southern Ocean was enhanced during glacial periods, thereby contributing to glacial atmospheric CO2 drawdown, while this deep stratification was alleviated during glacial terminations, and thus deeply sequestered CO2 in the Southern Ocean can outgas into the atmosphere.

本文研究IODP349航次U1433站岩芯上部0～300m更新世沉积物样品中的有孔虫,目的是寻找深水海盆钙质沉积的证据并探讨其古环境意义.该站位于南海西南次海盆残留扩张脊,水深4 379 m.沉积物主要由泥质、砂质及钙质软泥层组成,具明显的深海浊流沉积特征.结合古生物、古地磁和颜色反射率的年龄框架指标,确定本段岩芯年龄为0-2.23 Ma,包含氧同位素MIS 1-85期.结果显示,有孔虫丰度变化很大,个体普遍较小、分选好,持续分布差,属典型的远端浊流沉积.不同沉积层之间相对应的有孔虫特征(如丰度和保存情况)不对称,可识别17个浊积层组,标志超冰期尺度的浊流活动大事件.浊积物的源区,主要为南海西北部河流以及南部的巽他陆架和婆罗洲-巴拉望岛以及周围岛礁,而南海东北部和西部陆源区也可能有所供给.远端物源的证据是更新世浊积物含渐新世-中新世浮游有孔虫属种,这些老地层多见于南海北部和东南部陆坡.因此我们推测,U1433站的更新世浊流沉积物,主要来自周边地区,部分原产于北部陆坡,可能以与现代相似的涡流方式被搬运至西南次海盆.

The origins of intact polar lipid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (IPL-GDGTs) with glycosidic headgroups that are present in deep-sea sediments are still unclear. Here, we tried to clarify this issue by comparing variations in TEX86 temperatures and compositions of IPL (dihexose (DH) and monohexose (MH) head groups) and core lipid (CL) GDGTs in a sediment core covering a period since the last glacial time in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Haptophyte-derived alkenones were also analyzed to provide an independent paleo-sea surface temperature (SST) record. The sedimentary DH-GDGTs were composed mainly of DH-GDGT-1, -2, -3, and the crenarchaeol isomer. In contrast, both the sedimentary MH- and CL-GDGTs were composed mainly of crenarchaeol and GDGT-0. However, in each pool of GDGTs, crenarchaeol correlated significantly with other GDGT compounds, suggesting a shared origin. The DH-TEX86-derived temperature values were systematically higher than, but well correlated with CL-TEX86 and UK'37-derived SST values, showing an expected glacial-interglacial increase. This finding suggests that the DH-GDGTs could have originated mainly from the upper water column and may have been well preserved in sediments for a long time. However, the MH-TEX86-derived temperature did not display such a climatic pattern but exhibited unexpected higher values during the last glacial period. We propose that the elevated glacial MH-TEX86-derived temperature was likely associated with the ammonia limitation and subsequently reduced ammonia oxidation rate in seawater during the last glacial period. This study indicates that the sedimentary glycosidic GDGTs could settle mainly from the water column rather than being produced in situ.

We studied 344 samples from Well XK-1 in Xisha Islands, South China Sea, and identified 66 species of larger benthic foraminifera, providing critical evidence for biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Miocene reef carbonate sequence. Three assemblages are recognized, namely, Spiroclypeus higginsi–Borelis pygmaeus Assemblage (Letter Stage Te5, Early Miocene, 1256.28–1180.15m), Nephrolepidina–Miogypsina Assemblage (Tf, Middle Miocene, 1031.10–577.04m), and Cycloclypeus–Heterostegina Assemblage (Tg, Late Miocene, 468.13–380.42m). On the basis of the palaeoecological preference of the larger foraminifera, we interpret that the Miocene carbonate sequence was deposited mainly in a warm tropical shallow water environment, characterized by five stages of continuous long-term evolution: backreef lagoon to shelf in the Early Miocene, normal to frontal reef in the early Middle Miocene, backreef lagoon to shelf in the later Middle Miocene, normal to frontal reef in the early Late Miocene, and proximal forereef shelf in the later Late Miocene.

Anoctamin/TMEM16 family members have recently been identified as novel calcium-activated chloride channels, and dysregulation of many family members participates in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the exact role of anoctamin5 (ANO5), one member of this family, in thyroid cancer is still not clarified. In this study, we firstly found that the expression levels of ANO5 was significantly downregulated in thyroid cancer compared to adjacent normal tissue by mining the public GEO database. Subsequently, we further demonstrated that the expression levels of ANO5 was significantly downregulated in 69.5% (57/82) clinical thyroid cancer tissues using real-time PCR assay. Moreover, western blot assay also showed that ANO5 was downregulated in papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues. Furthermore, some biological and functional in vitro experiments proved that ANO5 knockdown promotes thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion but overexpression of ANO5 inhibits these phenotypes. By analyzing gene set enrichment, we found that lower ANO5 expression was positively associated with JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Collectively downregulation of ANO5 promotes thyroid cancer cell migration and invasion by affecting JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Objective: To assess whether types I and II epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) differ in CT and MRI imaging features.Methods: For this retrospective study, we enrolled 65 patients with 68 ovarian lesions that have been pathologically proven to be EOC. Of these patients, 38 cases underwent MR examinations only, 15 cases underwent CT examinations only, and 12 cases completed both examinations. The clinical information [age, CA-125, menopausal status, and Ki-67] and imaging findings were compared between two types of EOCs. The diagnostic performance of image findings were assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The association between EOC type and imaging features was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The random forest approach was used to build a classifier in differential diagnosis between two types of EOCs.Results: Of the 68 EOC lesions, 24 lesions were categorized as types I and other 44 lesions as type II based on the immunohistochemical results, respectively. Patients in type I EOCs were more likely to involve menopausal women and showed lower CA-125 and Ki-67 values (Ki-67 < 30%) than patients in type II EOCs. The imaging characteristics of type II EOCs frequently demonstrated a solid or predominantly solid mass (38.6% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.05), smaller lesions (diameter < 6 cm; 27.3% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.05), absence of mural nodules (65.9% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.001), and mild enhancement (84.1% vs. 54.2%, P < 0.05) compared to type I EOCs. Combination of tumor size, morphology, mural nodule, enhancement degrees (AUC = 0.808) has a higher specificity (87.50%) and positive predictive value (90.0%) than any single image finding alone in differential diagnosis between two types of EOCs. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that enhancement degrees (OR 0.200, P < 0.05), mural nodule(OR 0.158, P < 0.05) significantly influence EOC classification. Random forests model identified both as the most important discriminating variables. The diagnostic accuracy of the classifier was 73.53%.Conclusions: Differences in imaging characteristics existed between two types of EOCs. Combination of several image findings improved the preoperative diagnostic performance, which is helpful for the clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The pre-Oligocene sediment succession including shipboard lithological Units II (77.65–275.54mbsf) and III (275.54–300mbsf) from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Hole U1435A in the northern South China Sea is characterized by greenish to dark gray sandstone and siltstone of coastal marine facies with age previously undetermined due to a lack of age-diagnostic fossils. Detrital zircon UPb ages (9 samples) and thin sections (76 samples) from these two units, together with geochemical elements (197 samples) from Units I to III were analyzed to distinguish provenance, tectonic setting, and depositional age and environment. Petrographic study reveals that most samples are fine sandstones, mainly composed of subangular quartz (70–80%) and alkaline feldspar (10–15%; mostly K-feldspar), indicating a near proximal provenance. Discrimination diagrams, element ratios and chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns suggest a relatively stable source of felsic rocks. Detrital zircon UPb dating results reveal a dominance of Mesozoic ages with a pronounced Early Cretaceous peak at ~110Ma. Fourteen zircon grains from 7 samples yield much younger ages between ~65 and 38Ma, indicating middle to late Eocene deposition, broadly corresponding to the lacustrine-shallow neritic Enping-Wenchang Formations of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Comparison among various elemental proxies from the Eocene sediments in Hole U1435A and in offshore industrial wells confirms a continental island arc setting in the Cretaceous when the zircons were produced. In the middle and late Eocene, these Cretaceous igneous rocks were likely the source of the sediment deposited in a coastal marine environment. The relatively minor variations in elemental distribution and the concentration of Paleogene zircons (~50–38Ma) further imply a consistent supply of weathered material from this magmatic landmass during an active rifting period before the opening of the South China Sea.

The plate kinematic history of the South China Sea opening is key to reconstructing how the Mesozoic configuration of Panthalassa and Tethyan subduction systems evolved into today's complex Southeast Asian tectonic collage. The South China Sea is currently flanked by the Palawan Continental Terrane in the south and South China in the north and the two blocks have long been assumed to be conjugate margins. However, the paleogeographic history of the Palawan Continental Terrane remains an issue of uncertainty and controversy, especially regarding the questions of where and when it was separated from South China. Here we employ detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and heavy mineral analysis on Cretaceous and Eocene strata from the northern South China Sea and Palawan to constrain the Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic provenance and paleogeographic evolution of the region testing possible connection between the Palawan Continental Terrane and the northern South China Sea margin. In addition to a revision of the regional stratigraphic framework using the youngest zircon U-Pb ages, these analyses show that while the Upper Cretaceous strata from the Palawan Continental Terrane are characterized by a dominance of zircon with crystallization ages clustering around the Cretaceous, the Eocene strata feature a large range of zircon ages and a new mineral group of rutile, anatase, and monazite. On the one hand, this change of sediment compositions seems to exclude the possibility of a latest Cretaceous drift of the Palawan Continental Terrane in response to the Proto-South China Sea opening as previously inferred. On the other hand, the zircon age signatures of the Cretaceous-Eocene strata from the Palawan Continental Terrane are largely comparable to those of contemporary samples from the northeastern South China Sea region, suggesting a possible conjugate relationship between the Palawan Continental Terrane and the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin. Thus, the Palawan Continental Terrane is interpreted to have been attached to the South China margin from the Cretaceous until the Oligocene oceanization of the South China Sea. In our preferred paleogeographic scenario, the sediment provenance in the northeastern South China Sea region changed from dominantly nearby Cretaceous continental arcs of the South China margin to more distal southeastern South China in the Eocene. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A compilation of available marine deposition data from offshore S-SE China reveals evidence of rifting and breakup of the South China Sea (SCS) during the Paleogene. Marine deposition started earlier in the Paleocene in the East China Sea (ECS)-Taiwan region before expanding southwestward into the SCS region in the middle Eocene. Our data indicate the existence of an elongated Paleogene China Sea in these areas stretching along the northeasterly structural belts, probably as part of the marginal western paleo-Pacific. The southwestward shift of marine influence in the middle Eocene was responding to a period of intensive rifting and subsidence in the SCS region, while the sea in the ECS-Taiwan region started to shrink and shoal after the late Eocene, likely associated with local breakup and initial spreading in the Taiwan-Taixinan Basin area. The accumulation of hemipelagic sediments at ODP 1148 and IODP U1435 from near the continent-ocean boundary and at many other shelf-slope sites was in response to a large-scale breakup 34 to 33 Ma ago, subsequently leading to the birth of the SCS in the Oligocene.