高血压是一种常见的慢性非传染性疾病,是脑卒中、冠心病的主要危险因素,当前心脑血管疾病是人群死亡的首要原因.因此,预防控制高血压具有重要的公共卫生学意义.为了解苏仙区人群高血压流行现状及其有关因素,为指导社区防治高血压提供科学依据,遂于2005-2006年对城乡居民开展了高血压现况调查.现将结果报告如下.

慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称"慢性病")由于常为终身性疾患,预后差,医疗费用昂贵,已成为威胁劳动力人口健康、影响社会经济发展的一个重要公共卫生问题.

Objective To understand the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the major risk factors to provide the basic date for non-communicable disease prevention and control. Methods A total of 6,966 subjects mostly aged over 35 years old in an exampling community were sampled and studied.The body height,body weight,waist circumstance,and blood pressure were measured and questionnaires were used in this survey. Results The 5 highest prevalence disorders were hypertension(31.93%),chronic digestive system disease(17.60%),respiratory system disease((11.00%)),coronary heart disease(7.97%),and osteoporosis and/or fractures(5.76%).Overweight(31.55%),obesity((6.98%)),smoking(24.65%),alcohol drinking(13.18%) and lack of exercises(49.57%) are major risk factors for these NCDs. Conclusions The high prevalence of hypertension,overweight,obesity,smoking and alcohol drinking and lack of exercises have posed a threat to population health in the exampling community.Therefore,intervention measures should be(taken) to debase the exposure levels of major risk factors,prevention and treatment of hypertension to reduce the occurrence of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.

目的提高农村地区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率和第一针及时接种率. 方法选择两个县(区),通过调查和分析农村新生儿乙肝疫苗接种现状及影响因素,制定并实施相应的策略和措施,采用现场流行病学调查方法,在实施对策前后比较新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率的变化,评价对策的效果. 结果两县(区)农村新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率分别由实施前的58.2%、40.4%上升到96.9%、95.8%(P＜0.05).第一针及时接种率分别由实施前的10.2%、28.7%上升到92.7%、85.3%(P＜0.05);群众对乙肝的危害性和乙肝疫苗接种重要性的认识均有不同程度的提高. 结论通过两个县(区)政府对乙肝防治工作的进一步重视和支持,加强对计划免疫专业人员的培训,广泛开展健康教育活动,健全县、乡、村三级乙肝接种网络、健全卡证和接种率报告制度等措施,可显著提高农村新生儿的乙肝疫苗接种率.