The backfill mining method is widely used in mines because of its advantages of environmental protection, safety, and efficiency and includes filling slurry pipeline transportation as an important part. The rheological parameters of filling slurry are important indicators for evaluating the characteristics of filling slurry pipeline transport; these parameters are mainly determined by rheometers at present, while the rheological experimental conditions are usually unavailable at the mine site. Because of its simplicity and speed, mines mainly use a slump test to evaluate the flow properties of a filling slurry. In this paper, we used a mini-slump cone to conduct a slump experiment of filling slurry with different mass fractions and cement–tailings ratios（the two most common variable parameters in filling slurry ratios）, established an analytical model between the spread of a mini-slump cone and yield stress, obtained a simplified calculation model according to the shape of the filling slurry after flowing, calculated the yield stress of the slurry based on the simplified model, and compared the theoretical value with the experimental value of the yield stress of the filling slurry under the condition of the same ratio tested by a rheometer. At the same time, the influence law of different mass fractions and cement–sand ratios on the expansion degree of the filling slurry was studied using a two-factor analysis of variance. The results show that the spread is mainly influenced by the mass fraction and unsubstantially affected by the cement –sand ratio. The yield stress of the filling slurry increases with the mass fraction. When the mass fraction is low, the error in the theoretical value relative to the experimental value has a large range, and the error in the theoretical value is within 25%, averaging 16.79%; as the mass fraction increases, this error gradually decreases below 15%, averaging 8.81%. Considering its effect, a correction factor based on the mass fraction was proposed, and the error in the theoretical yield stress value after the correction was reduced below 10%, averaging 3.54%. In this study, the mini-slump cone test not only reduces the experimental material and labor intensity compared with the traditional slump test but also effectively characterizes the yield stress of the slurry, which provides practical guidance for evaluating the flowability of mine filling slurry.

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology is a green mining method used to control underground goaves and tailings ponds. The curing process of CPB in the stope is the product of a thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical multi-field performance interaction. At present, research on the multi-field performance of CPB mainly includes indoor similar simulation experiments, in-situ multi-field performance monitoring experiments, multi-field performance coupling model construction of CPB, and numerical simulation of the multi-field performance of CPB. Because it is hard to study the in-situ multi-field performance of CPB in the real stope, most current research on in-situ multi-field performance adopts the numerical simulation method. By simulating the conditions of CPB in the real stope (e.g., maintenance environment, stope geometry, drainage conditions, and barricade and backfilling rates), the multi-field performance of CPB is further studied. This paper summarizes the mathematical models employed in the numerical simulation and lists the engineering application cases of numerical simulation in the in-situ multi-field performance of CPB. Finally, it proposes that the multi-field performance of CPB needs to strengthen the theoretical study of multi-field performance, form the strength design criterion based on the multi-field performance of CPB, perform a full-range numerical simulation of the multi-field performance of CPB, develop a pre-warning technology for the CPB safety of CPB, develop automatic and wireless sensors for the multi-field performance monitoring of CPB, and realize the application and popularization of CPB monitoring technology.

矿产资源是发展之基、生产之要.作为世界上矿种最齐全、总量最丰富的矿产资源大国之一,中国在矿产资源总产量、矿业总产值和主要矿产资源消费量等方面均位居世界第一.其中,金属矿行业极大程度地保障了我国现代化建设所需的基本物质与资源,推动我国经济发展和社会进步.然而也应注意到,我国金属矿资源人均占有量较低,主要金属矿资源对外依存度较高,现有资源产量难以满足国家高速发展的需求,供需矛盾较为突出,国家资源安全难以得到保障.此外,我国金属矿资源的生产技术水平与世界先进水平相比还存有一定差距,金属矿资源保护与开发利用水平也亟待提高.

Tailings thickening is an important process of paste filling technology. At present, a deep cone thickener is often used for tailings thickening. The sedimentation rate of tailings affects the solid flux of the deep cone thickener and determines the area occupied by the deep cone thickener. At present, the addition of flocculant to tailings has become a common practice to improve the efficiency of tailings thickening. Thus, the influence of various factors on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener needs to be investigated. In this study, the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was calculated through the static sedimentation experiment of the graduated cylinder, and the influence law of the flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was analyzed, and the influence of the two factors on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was determined. Results showed that the tailings exhibit a quadratic function relationship when the flocculant unit consumption is 5–30 g·t−1. At 6%–26% solid mass fraction of slurry, the solid flux first increases and then decreases, which is consistent with the experiment. The regression analysis of the solid flux equation under the coupling effect of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration shows that the contribution of the two factors to solid flux is slurry concentration > flocculant unit consumption. Based on the analysis of the influence of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration on solid flux, the reasons for the different contribution values of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration were summarized. According to the mathematical relationship between flocculant unit consumption, slurry concentration, and solid flux obtained from the research, engineering suggestions for the design and operation of the deep cone thickener were proposed. During the operation of the deep cone thickener, the slurry concentration should be guaranteed first, followed by the flocculant unit consumption.

建立了同时测定细辛中花椒酚、卡枯醇、甲基丁香酚、l-芝麻脂素、黄樟醚、细辛素和l-细辛脂素7种主要成分含量的HPLC方法,并测定了55份不同来源的细辛药材(35份北细辛、3份汉城细辛和17份华细辛)中这7种成分的含量,比较了不同品种细辛中7种成分含量差异.采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×25 cm,5μm),水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱55 min,DAD检测器检测,柱温20℃,检测波长287 nm.被测成分在测试范围内线性关系良好,r2＞0.999;加样回收率96.0％-103.1％,RSD小于2.54％.该方法准确、灵敏、重复性好.测定结果表明不同来源的细辛样品中7种成分的含量差异显著,其中挥发性成分甲基丁香酚在辽细辛(汉城细辛与北细辛的根及根茎)中的含量为(6.17±5.13) mg/g,显著高于其在华细辛(华细辛的根及根茎)中的含量(0.58±0.39) mg/g,有毒成分黄樟醚在辽细辛中的含量为(2.66±2.16) mg/g,低于其在华细辛的含量(6.44±3.88) mg/g.本文首次报道了细辛中花椒酚和细辛素的含量.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) can be identified by experts according to their odors. However, the identification of these medicines is subjective and requires long-term experience. In this paper, electronic nose, headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometrics methods were applied to differentiate two species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma by their odors. The samples used were the dried roots and rhizomes of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum (AH) and Asarum sieboldii (AS). The electronic nose was used to determine the odors of the samples and enabled rapid differentiation of AH and AS when coupled with principal component analysis. Headspace GC-MS was utilized to reveal the differences between the volatile constituents of AH and AS. In all, 54 volatile constituents were identified, and 9 major constituents (eucalyptol, eucarvone, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene, methyleugenol, 2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene, croweacin, pentadecane and asaricin) could be used as chemical markers to distinguish these two species. AH contained higher relative contents of eucarvone (1.79-16.76%), 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (6.64-26.52%), 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene/methyleugenol (6.43-31.67%) and 2,3,5-trimethoxytoluene (1.64-6.66%), whereas AS had higher relative contents of eucalyptol (14.06-24.95%), croweacin (5.64-13.55%), pentadecane (8.44-20.82%) and asaricin (7.03-13.45%). Moreover, AH and AS could be distinguished according to the contents of either all 54 identified volatile constituents or only the 9 major constituents by employing cluster analysis. The proposed method is rapid, simple, eco-friendly and can successfully differentiate these two species of Asari Radix et Rhizoma by their odors.

OBJECTIVE:To assess the anti-nociception and anti-inflammation pharmacodynamics of Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii.METHOD:Both the writhing test and hot plate test were conducted to assess the anti-nociceptive effect of Asarum and Xylene-induced mouse ear edema was conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Asarum.RESULT:Twelve samples of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii from different producing areas showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Specifically, 27% to 61% of the seven samples of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum showed anti-nociceptive effect and while 34% to 48% of A. sieboldi showed anti-nociceptive effect. The inflammatory inhibition rate of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in six producing areas (38%-57%) is higher than that of A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in five producing areas (34%-48%). The same kind of Asarum produced in different areas showed significant differences. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Jilin province (38%-57%) showed better anti-nociceptive effect than sample produced in Heilongjiang province (34%) in writhing test. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Heilongjiang (43%) province showed a better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Liaoning province (29%-36%) in hot plate test. A. sieboldii produced in Shaanxi province (47%-49%) showed a better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Hubei province (40%) in writhing test. A. sieboldii produced in Shaanxi province (45%-59%) showed better anti-nociceptive effect than samples produced in Chongqing (40%) in hot plate test. A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum produced in Jilin province (51%-63%) showed better anti-inflammatory effect than samples produced in Heilongjiang province (50%). In totality, the results from analysis of geoherbalism showed that famous-region A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum and A. sieboldii had a better anti-nociception effect than Asarum produced in other producing areas, famous-region A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum had a better effect than those produced in other producing areas in anti-inflammation. But famous-region A. sieboldii showed no obvious difference from those produced in other producing areas in anti-inflammation.CONCLUSION:All samples of Asarum showed anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, but with significant differences among Asarum produced in different areas, indicating the eoherbalism to some extent.

Many species of the genus Asarum plants are used as Chinese traditional or folk medicines, in Chinese which are known as "Xixin" (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) , "Bei-Xixin" , "Hua-Xixin" and "Nan-Xixin" , etc. In order to get a clear picture of resources distribution and varieties on Chinese markets of the crude drug Xixin and provide scientific basis for their resource conservation and sustainable use, during recent years we conducted field investigations and market researches many times. The results showed that the resources of both official Xixins and non-official Xixins were decreased because of the ecological environment damage and over-digging, especially species whose population size was small. Bei-Xixin derived from A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum was the most species on the Chinese markets except for a few areas of China. Hua-Xixin derived from A. sieboldii and non-official Xixins were mainly used in their producing areas. Cultivation of Hua-Xixin should be greatly developed, and wild resources of non-official species must be preserved strictly.