"双培计划"是北京市推出的由市属、在京中央高校共同培养优秀人才的重要举措.该计划的实施在全面提高学生专业水平、综合素质、实践能力的同时,也暴露出不少问题.该文以北京农学院食品科学与工程学院为例,探究双培生培养过程中存在的问题及解决对策.

学生党支部作为高校党组织的重要部分，承担着引领学生思想政治，筑牢学生理想信念，促进学生全面发展的重要职责。在高等教育不断发展的今天，研究生党支部的设置和人员组成出现新的变化，受专业型硕士研究生学制和培养方式的影响，一批由专业型硕士研究生或以专业型硕士研究生为主的研究生党支部，在建设过程中出现了一些新问题。本文以北京农学院为例，全日制专业型硕士研究生党支部为主要研究对象，通过调研总结专业型硕士研究生党支部的主要特点和建设过程中面临的新挑战，结合党建工作实践和典型优秀案例，提出了专业型硕士研究生党支部在党员管理、党支部委员培训、入党积极分子培养与考察等方面的改进策略。

学生党员作为朋辈辅导的重要力量开展学业辅导,发挥党员在大学生群体特别是学业管理学生中的示范性与影响力,既促进了大学生自我教育与管理,又加强了学风建设、基层党组织建设,对提高人才培养质量具有十分重要的意义.

本文从学科建设的角度围绕高校研究生党建工作进行了研究，主要探索如何依托学科建设的要求开展研究生党建工作，并结合实际工作经验，针对研究生党支部如何创新活动形式进行了分析。

The crabapples play an important role in garden landscaping and city forestation.Breeding new crabapple cultivar not only rich the germplasm source,but also provide precious germplasm materials for biological research.‘Hongshiliu'is a new crabapple cultivar which is selected from the progeny of‘Adam'by seedling selection;however,the male parent is unknown. The cultivar has cylindrical crown and upright tree appearance.One year old branch is purplish-brown.Young leaves are saffron with lots of tomenta,while mature leaves present dark green.The buds are carmine,and then turn to red during bloom. The fruit is nearly round shape with good uniformity and higher fruit setting rate,in addition,its surface is smooth with green background and pink cover.The average fruit weight is 2.18g.Due to its strong resistance,the new cultivar has high ornamental and popularized value.

Glycosyltransferases (GT) are key enzymes for the biosynthesis of many valuable natural products. Using homologous cloning and rapid amplification of ends (RACE), one of the glycosyltransferases was cloned from Malus crabapple cvs. 'Royalty', and the cDNA fragment included1069 bp. McGT resulted in 40-87% sequence homology with GTs from other plants. And a 452bp 5'-upstream sequence of the McGT promoter sequence was isolated from Malus crabapple cvs. 'Royalty'. Sequence analysis revealed that several regulatory elements were implicated in WRKY and MYB-responsive factors.

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to explore the optimal method of making pear fruit-derived nutrient solution and its effect on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality.【Method】In the present study,the dropping and thinning fruits from pear tree,Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.f.).cv.Nakai,were used as materials to make the nutrient solutions and different formula including content of sugar and water,disintegrating status of fruit,anaerobic or aerobic condition and fermentation days were designed to study their effects on the nutrition components in the solutions.Furthermore,in order to analyze the mineral element content,growth status and the photosynthetic characteristics of pear trees,a pear fruit-derived nutrient solution was made based on the optimal formula and sprayed with different concentrations of the pear fruit-derived nutrient solution(Tr1 for 500 times,Tr2 for 200 times,and Tr3 for 0 times as CK) on two-year-old pear trees and fifteen-year-old mature trees.【Result】The results indicated that young pear fruit,ferments,brown sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 50:1:10:35 in the fermentation conditions of fruit homogenate,aerobic conditions at room temperature of 25-28℃ for 30 to 45 days were the most suitable formula to make fruit-derived nutrient solution,and spray with pear fruit-derived nutrient solution significantly increased leaf thickness,the specific leaf weight,the content of chlorophyll,and the content of mineral element,such as N,P,K,Ca,Fe,Mn and so on.In addition,spray with pear fruit-derived nutrient solution not only enhanced the water use efficiency through increased the net photosynthetic rate and decreased the transpiration rate,but also significantly increased the average single fruit weight,fruit-based index,fruit hardness,soluble solids,titratable acid,sugar acid ratio and Vc content.【Conclusion】In conclusion,spraying on the surface of leaves significantly promoted the growth of pear trees,increased the content of mineral element in leaves,enhanced the photosynthetic performance of leaves,further then improved the quality of fruits,especially the 200 times nutrient solution.And the product made by the optimal formula had higher content of mineral elements,degree of decomposition and content of sugar than others.

<正>探讨梨果实源营养液的制作方法及喷施营养液对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响。以黄金梨树生理落果和人工疏除的果实为原料,研究不同的糖量、水量、果实粉碎状态、有无氧发酵和发酵时间等条件,对成品发酵液营养成分的影响。在此基础上,以2年生黄金梨幼树和15年生成年树为试材,