《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》明确提出:鼓励教师运用信息技术提高课堂教学效率和质量,强化信息技术与化学教学的深度融合,关注虚拟现实技术的支持的个性化学习,适时引入化学教学中.化学实验对于培养学生的科学精神、探究能力、证据推理等素养具有重要价值.当前,化学教师都在积极探索信息技术在实验教学中的融合应用路径.为解决传统实验教学中危险实验、抽象实验、复杂实验实施困难的问题,避免以虚拟实验完全替代传统实验的误区,笔者以高中化学"原电池"为例,设计虚实融合的化学探究实验教学模式,虚实融合,科学、合理、适度使用虚拟技术,力求实现传统实验与虚拟实验优势互补.

This study was based on the latest Chinese adult body size data collected by the China National Institute of Standardization from 2013 to 2018. Studies have shown that there are differences in body shape distribution between different regions and different age groups. Compared with the data of the first national body size survey in 1988, the body shape distribution of adults has also changed greatly. This study can provide data support for the revision of the current garment size national standard.

This study makes statistics and analysis on the body size for the working space of different gender and different age groups by using the regression formulas in GB/T 13547-1992 and the newly collected data of height and weight obtained in the national adult body size survey. The data obtained can be used for the design and ergonomic evaluation of various working spaces related to human body size, such as operation, maintenance, safety protection, etc.

In this study, a small sample of head and face item sizes was measured for 278 boys and 256 girls aged from 12 to 17 years old in China. Through the analysis of relevant data, regression equations were established between the main head and face parameters and the head and face item sizes. The results of this study could be used as amendments and supplements to the original national standards, and can also be used for ergonomic design and evaluation of head and face protective products for minors.

BACKGROUND:Mental workload is one of the contributing factors to human errors in road accidents or other potentially adverse incidents.OBJECTIVE:This research probes the effects of mental workload on the electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) of subjects in visual monitoring tasks, based on which a comprehensive evaluation model for mental workload is established effectively.METHODS:Three degrees of mental workload were obtained by monitoring tasks with different levels of difficulty. 20 healthy subjects were selected to take part in the research.RESULTS:The subjective scores showed a significant increase with the increase of task difficulty, meanwhile the reaction time (RT) increased and the accuracy decreased significantly, which proved the validity of three degrees of mental workload induced. For the EEG parameters, a significant decrease of θ energy was found in Frontal, Parietal and Occipital with the increase of level of mental workload, as well as a significant decrease of α energy in Frontal, Central and Occipital, meanwhile a significant increase of β energy occurred in Frontal and Occipital. There was a significant decrease of α/θ in Occipital, and significant increases of θ/β and (α+β)/θ in Frontal, Central and Occipital, meanwhile (α+θ)/β and WPE decreased significantly in Frontal and Occipital. Among the ECG parameters, it was shown that Mean RR, RMSSD, HF_norm and SampEn decreased significantly with the increase of task difficulty, while LF_norm and LF/HF showed significant increases. These EEG indictors in Occipital and ECG indictors were chosen and constituted a multidimensional original sample. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to extract the principal elements and decreased the dimension of sample space in order to simplify the calculation, based on which an effective classification model with accuracy of 80% was achieved by support vector machine (SVM).CONCLUSION:This study demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can be applied to mental workload monitoring.

In this experiment, the digital Mars contrast sensitivity check tables are used to test the contrast sensitivity value between two genders and three age groups. There was no statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity between genders (P > 0.05) and between different eyes (P > 0.05). The contrast sensitivity of individuals of different groups was significantly different. The contrast sensitivity values of the left eye, right eye and both eyes increase with the increase of visual acuity.

Body height and weight are the most prominent parameters of body shape characteristics. Many body parameters are related to stature and weight. Based on the data of the second national anthropometric survey conducted from 2014 to 2018, this study analyzed five data of foot length, foot width, foot circumference, toe height and tarsal point height for male and female, and established the multivariate linear regression equation between foot items and stature and weight. The regression equation can be used as the basis of ergonomic product design.

With the correlation study on human sweating measurements at home and abroad gradually deepening, the evaluation on human sweating has been valued and used in the fields like nuclear and chemical protection. Though the research of sweating measurement has permeated different domains, the measurement about heat-moisture comfort is still for thorough research. Methods of determination of human sweating measurements currently at home and abroad were reviewed in the study. Three methods were about the measurements of systemic dominant sweating. They were respectively net weight, dressed weight and clothing weight. Five methods were about the measurements of local dominant sweating, and they are gauze-spongy pad, filter paper, vinyl bag, ventilated bag, and absorb sweat patch. The theories of these methods and application were reviewed, as well as their advantages and disadvantages respectively. Although the measurement methods have their limitations, they still lay a foundation for exploring new and more superior measurement methods for measuring the sweating rate of human body in the future.

目的 模拟飞行员长时间连续执行仪表监控任务过程,利用事件相关电位(Event-related Potential,ERP)技术对脑力疲劳的评价展开研究,通过探讨脑力疲劳对注意能力的影响特征,从而获取有效的脑力疲劳评价指标.方法 20名受试者分别执行90 min的仪表监控任务来诱发脑力疲劳,利用主观评价和行为绩效的手段验证脑力疲劳诱发模型的有效性,同时发现相比疲劳前,受试者对注意任务的操作绩效水平降低,注意力下降,在此基础上利用配对T检验的方法比较疲劳前后的ERP成分,从而获取有效的评价指标.结果CPT-A-P3、NoGo-P3以及错误相关负波(Error Related Negativity,ERN)的波幅较疲劳前明显降低(均有P<0.05),NoGo-P3、Go-P3以及NoGo-N2的潜伏期相比疲劳前明显延长(均有P<0.05).结果表明脑力疲劳导致注意资源分配减少,信息加工速度变慢,同时对反应抑制、冲突监测以及错误监控的功能造成了损伤.因此,P3,N2以及ERN在特定的认知模式下可作为潜在的脑力疲劳评价指标.结论 本研究为评价和预测脑力疲劳提供了理论依据,对后期制定疲劳对抗措施具有重要的指导意义.

The electroencephalographic characteristics of mental fatigue, which was induced by long-term working memory task of 2-back, were studied by event-related potential (ERP) technology in order to obtain objective evaluation indicators for mental fatigue. Thirty-two healthy male subjects, 22-28 years old, were divided into two groups evenly, one is un-fatigue group and the other is fatigue group. The fatigue group performed a 2-back task for 100 min continuously, while the un-fatigue group just performed a 2-back task at the first and last 10 min respectively, and rested during the middle 80 min. The subjective levels of fatigue, task performance and electroencephalogram were recorded. The impaired thought and attention states, enhanced sleepy and fatigue feeling were found in the fatigue group, meanwhile their reaction time to 2-back task extended, and the accuracy decreased significantly. These results verified the validity of mental fatigue model induced by 2-back task, and then the ERP characteristic parameters were compared and analyzed between fatigue group and un-fatigue group. The results showed that the fatigue group's amplitudes of P300 ( F = 2.539, P < 0.05) and error-related negativity (ERN) ( F = 10.040, P < 0.05) decreased significantly along with the increase of fatigue comparing with the un-fatigue group, however, there were no significant change in other parameters (all P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that P300 and ERN can be considered as potential evaluation indictors for mental fatigue induced by long-term working memory task, which will provide basis for the future exploring of countermeasure for mental fatigue.

This paper presents electroencephalographic (EEG)-based methods for assessing mental fatigue induced by a prolonged vigilance task. After enrollment, 20 healthy male volunteers performed a mental fatigue-inducing experiment. The experiment consisted of ten 9-min blocks of fatigue-inducing instrument monitoring, and after each block volunteers completed subjective scales of fatigue, meanwhile the task performance of each block was recorded. Over the course of the task, EEG readings were recorded and analyzed. Along with lower performance and an increase in subjective levels of fatigue, there was a significant increase of a energy in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions of the brain, and a decrease of beta energy in the frontal, inferior frontal, central, posterior temporal, and occipital regions. The delta and theta energies were relatively steady, only increasing in the occipital region. Significant increases of (alpha + theta)/beta, alpha/beta, (alpha + theta), theta/beta, and wavelet entropy were found in all cerebral regions except the temporal region, where only alpha/beta was obviously changed. A high-dimensional vector was constructed using these EEG indicators and cerebral regions, based on which the support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify mental fafigue. The classifier for distinguishing between fatigue and non-fatigue was 91.1% accurate. This study demonstrates the feasibility of an EEG-based method for assessing and monitoring mental fatigue during a vigilance task and provides theoretical basis for the future study.

The statistical data of head length, head width and head circumference acquired from the national ergonomic survey in 2014–2017 are analyzed and compared. It is found upon statistics that there is a significant difference between male and female. The head length and head circumference of male and female decrease with age. There is no significant difference in the head circumference of men and women in six regions. The rural population has no significant difference in the data with the secondary industry group, but has significant differences with the other three occupational groups.

随着计算机与信息技术的发展,显控界面几乎渗透到了人类工作和生活的所有领域,人机系统功能的增多,显控界面日趋复杂和强大,对显控界面的使用体验要求也越来越高.工效学就是研究如何使产品符合使用者生理心理特性,提升用户体验的综合性交叉学科,针对人机交互系统显控界面工效学设计与测评的基础、公益和共性技术需求,国家科技支撑计划项目"显控界面工效学设计与测评关键技术标准及其应用研究"(项目编号2014BAK01B00)系统研究了显控界面工效学设计与测评的关键技术,提出了信息界面元素呈现与布局、操控装置、显控一体界面控制与显示等工效学设计技术要求,建立了操控动作舒适性的主客观综合测评方法,构建了典型显控界面工效学仿真测试平台,形成了基于中国人体特性的显控界面工效学设计与测评技术标准体系,基本解决了我国显控界面工效学设计和测评标准匮乏的问题.研究成果有效指导了汽车、移动客户端、家用电器、工程机械等产品的显控界面工效学设计,开创了产品显控界面工效学测评认证,社会和经济效益显著,实用性强.

This research is performed in order to explore user's concern on ads at different web pages when users completes tasks in targeted way. 30 users with normal visual acuity or corrected visual acuity are selected. Users are assigned with tasks to ensure targeted operation. Data retrieval form website which including its home page and ticket booking page are as stimulus materials and added by SMI RED desktop eye tracker. The eye movement data for users to browse web page ads is recorded. The fixation number, average fixation are extracted and analyzed. It is found that selective ignore for ads will occur during targeted operation; the position of ads would consider both the web site' purpose and users' experience; the ads should be putted at the end of user's eye-movement track, which will not affect their normal operation and also there are relatively high possibility to be observed by users.

We select anthropometric data related with sitting chair design from ISO/TR 7250-2:2010 to conduct the comparison between seven countries. The data include body height data, breadth data, depth data, and the ratio of the body height and the sitting height. About the body height and sitting height, the United States and the Netherlands men’s and women’s are higher than the other countries’ persons. The Kenyans’ bodies heights are in the third place, but their sitting height are at the lowest value among these countries. Sitting depth data are closely related to person’s lower limbs’ length. Kenya’s men have more sitting depth data, followed by European and the USA people, and finally the Asian people. The female have wider sitting hip breadth data in the seven countries than the males. The sitting hip breadths of the female in the Netherlands, Kenya and the United States have about 50–60 mm wider than the female in China, Japan and Korea.

In this paper, temperature fluctuation in the room which was tested in which environment is built by the domestic air conditioner Different air conditioning set temperature may cause different temperature fluctuation in each position. From the subjective assessment results it can be known that, under the thermal comfort environment condition, the biggest acceptable temperature fluctuation is obtained and is 0.6 °C in summer and 0.8 °C in winter. In summer working condition, temperature fluctuation in each test point is compared with the acceptable temperature fluctuation (0.6 °C) and then the satisfaction rate for each working condition can be obtained. The test results show that the highest satisfaction rate about temperature fluctuation is 94

In this paper, we systematically studied the Layout Preference of Intelligent Driving Vehicles. Interviews on layout preference of intelligent driving vehicles were made to collect users’ desired zone for the driving information elements. And the subjects were asked to quantify the layouts of six experimental interfaces in terms of the overall satisfaction by two rating ways. After analyzing and dealing with the above-mentioned interviews and experimental results, the interface elements in the experiment are abstracted and the general conclusion of intelligent driving interface layout is obtained, which can help to determine the scientific and rational interface layout.

By investigating the effect on mattresses with different hardness on sleep comfort of the middle-aged and old women, the paper provides reference and basis for designing and purchasing a mattress for the middle-aged and old women. In the experiment, 46 middle-aged and old women aged 40–65 years finish subjective user’s experience evaluation and a body pressure distribution test. The comprehensive research results indicate that: 1. Mattress hardness has a significant impact on the mattress comfort; 2. The objective body pressure distribution test result is consistent with the subjective user`s experience and evaluation result; 3. The middle-aged and old women generally prefer mattress with moderate and higher hardness value; 4. Shoulder comfort is related to head pressure intensity and back peak pressure, waist comfort is related to pressure intensity of whole body and back peak pressure; and hip comfort is related to back peak pressure, back peak pressure intensity and head pressure intensity.

Due to the mismatch between the human body dimension and the refrigerator’s structure, many household refrigerators’ volumes don’t get fully utilized. Using the ergonomic design principle-based approach, 6 model machines of 6 brands purchased from household appliance markets at random were evaluated in separating sides, which were the Available Volume base on the normal reach zone and Easy-to-Use Volume base on the comfortable reach zone. This evaluation aims to promote the available and easy-to-use volume of household refrigerators by ergonomic design approach.

The head and face dimensions for Japanese, Kenyans, South Koreans, The Netherlands, Americans and Chinese were compared. The Newman-Keuls (N-K) [3] test method was used to compare the difference of the average data between the six countries. The results showed that most of the head and face data between the six countries have significant difference (p < 0.05). The comparison shows that Asians' heads can be generally characterized as rounder than Africans', Americans' and European people's heads, and with a flatter back and forehead.