Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal malignancy, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven metastasis a key factor for poor prognosis. The C5a/C5a receptor (C5aR) pathway significantly facilitates HCC cell EMT, yet no approved anti-cancer drugs specifically target C5aR. LukS-PV, a component of Staphylococcus aureus-secreted Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), specifically targets C5aR and exerts anti-tumor effects in hematological and solid tumors. However, its impact on HCC EMT and mechanisms remains unknown. Our study showed LukS-PV targets C5aR to inhibit HCC cell EMT, migration, invasion, and in vivo lung metastasis. Mechanistically, LukS-PV downregulates B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), reducing histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression. Decreased HDAC6 increases heat shock protein 60 (HSPD1) acetylation, promoting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and EMT inhibition. This study demonstrates LukS-PV targets C5aR to inhibit HCC EMT via the BCL6/HDAC6/HSPD1 axis, highlighting its potential as an HCC therapeutic agent. These findings provide valuable EMT regulatory insights and identify potential HCC therapeutic targets. LukS-PV targets C5aR to inhibit HCC EMT and metastasis via the BCL6/HDAC6/HSPD1 axis, promoting HSPD1 acetylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation, highlighting its potential as a targeted HCC therapeutic agent.

Background: Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is often characterized by hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity, traits classically associated with the virulence regulators rmpA and rmpA2. However, some clinically virulent isolates lack these canonical regulators, suggesting the existence of non-canonical pathways driving hypervirulence. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity in clinical K. pneumoniae isolates that lack the rmpA and rmpA2. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 clinical isolates were collected. Virulence was assessed using the Galleria mellonella infection model. The hypermucoviscous phenotype was determined using the string test and mucoviscosity assay. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and comparative genomic analysis were performed to identify genetic variations, with a particular focus on an ST1-KL122 isolate (1744) that exhibited hypervirulence and hypermucoviscosity despite the absence of rmpA and rmpA2. Results: All 20 isolates induced at least 25% mortality in G. mellonella. Most isolates displayed a hypermucoviscous phenotype, except for isolates 2355, 2324, and 1951. WGS confirmed the absence of rmpA and rmpA2 in isolates 2355, 2324, 1951, and the hypermucoviscous isolate 1744. In the hypervirulent and hypermucoviscous ST1-KL122 isolate 1744, comparative genomic analysis identified two nonsynonymous mutations in the wzc gene, which encodes a tyrosine kinase involved in capsular polysaccharide (CPS) export: c.1397A>C (p.Asn466Thr) and c.1721A>T (p.His574Leu). Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that mutations in the wzc suggest a potential non-canonical regulatory mechanism that may drive CPS-mediated hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence in rmpA/rmpA2-negative hvKp. Further verification in more clinical strains is warranted.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013220.].

Background: Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exhibits substantial regional heterogeneity, data from western Guangxi in Southwest China remain limited. To address this gap, we conducted a five-year surveillance study at a tertiary hospital in this area to characterize pathogen distribution, resistance trends, and discrepancies compared with national benchmarks. Methods: All non-duplicate clinical bacterial isolates collected between January 2021, and December 2025 were included. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using MALDI-TOF MS and the VITEK 2 system. Results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Resistance trends were analyzed using WHONET software, and chi-square tests and trend analyses were applied to evaluate temporal changes and to compare findings with data from the China National Surveillance System (CHINET). Results: Among 57,157 clinical isolates, Gram-negative bacteria predominated (71.0%), with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus representing the leading pathogens. ICUs contributed a large share of isolates and showed higher proportions of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and carbapenem-resistant strains, whereas pediatric wards predominantly isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRECO) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKPN) remained below 5% throughout the study period. In contrast, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPAE) increased from 9.57% in 2021 to 19.96% in 2025. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) remained highly prevalent (>50% in several years) but declined to 41.53% by 2025. Streptococcus pneumoniae consistently exhibited macrolide resistance rates exceeding 90%. Significant differences compared with CHINET data were observed for CRECO (P=0.043) and CRKPN (P=0.001). The local prevalence of CRECO and respiratory pathogens significantly exceeded national CHINET data, while CRKPN prevalence was comparatively lower. Conclusion: This study describes antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary hospital in western Guangxi, China, with an increasing trend in CRPAE, while CRECO remained below 5% but was relatively higher than that reported in CHINET data, warranting continued surveillance. These findings underscore the essential role of regional surveillance and highlight the need for continued monitoring and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, particularly in ICU settings and pediatric respiratory infections.

Objective Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a critical and pernicious infection, and in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing in treatment failure. This study analyzed trends in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of limited antimicrobials against MRSA bloodstream isolates in China; specifically, the antibiotics vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Methods A total of 3901 S. aureus blood isolates, including 1065 MRSA isolates, were collected from ten Chinese provinces between 2017 and 2022. Broth microdilution was used to establish the MICs for the four antimicrobials. The geometric mean MICs (GM MICs), MIC50s (inhibition of 50 % of S. aureus), MIC90s (inhibition of 90 % of S. aureus), and MICs distribution were determined for each year. Results The geometric mean inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for MRSA isolates increased from 0.58 mg/L in 2018 to 1.01 mg/L by 2022; and that of linezolid decreased from 1.52 mg/L in 2017 to 0.94 mg/L in 2022. Daptomycin and teicoplanin demonstrated no clear trends. MRSA isolates with vancomycin MICs ≤0.5 mg/mL significantly decreased from 77.1 % in 2018 to 8.8 % in 2022. For linezolid, those with MICs >1 and ≤ 2 mg/L also decreased from 62.8 % in 2017 to 26.1 % in 2022. The highest geometric mean MICs of daptomycin, linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin were respectively seen in Yunnan (0.465 mg/L), Henan (1.368 mg/L), Gansu (0.908 mg/L), and Hubei (0.579 mg/L); whereas the lowest values were observed in Jiangxi (0.355 mg/L), Yunnan (0.896 mg/L), Yunnan (0.600 mg/L), and Henan (0.438 mg/L). MRSA isolates originating from tertiary care hospitals exhibited lower sensitivity for teicoplanin than those from non-tertiary care hospitals. Conclusions MRSA isolates from bloodstream infections in China are presently showing lower sensitivity to vancomycin and higher sensitivity to linezolid.

Antibiotic tolerance, by which susceptible bacteria survive at high bactericide doses, is known to cause treatment failure in clinical practice. However, the impact of antifungal tolerance on clinical outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, we observed that candidemia cases caused by echinocandin-tolerant Candida tropicalis exhibited higher mortality rates during caspofungin treatment by conducting a comprehensive seven-year retrospective analysis. C. tropicalis develops tolerance to caspofungin by forming multicellular aggregates, a process linked to defects in cell division, both in vitro and in vivo. Our omics-based profiling results reveal that C. tropicalis develops tolerance through the intricate modulation of cell wall integrity and cell division pathways, particularly through the activation of chitin synthesis and the downregulation of cell division-related genes. The overexpression of cell division-related factor Ace2 can suppress the tolerance of C. tropicalis to caspofungin by delaying the formation of multicellular aggregates. Moreover, calcineurin inhibitors can suppress the tolerance of C. tropicalis by disrupting these adaptive molecular changes, thereby significantly enhancing the antifungal efficacy of caspofungin in a Galleria mellonella model. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that C. tropicalis acquires echinocandin tolerance through morphological alterations, and that inhibiting calcineurin may be a promising method to reduce this tolerance.

As global climate change exacerbates, the emergence of rare pathogens causing outbreaks is on the rise, with Prototheca species becoming notable threats. Within the protothecosis science popularization and monitoring consortium (PSPMC), we have isolated nearly a hundred strains of Prototheca species in China in recent years. Notably, Prototheca wickerhamii is the predominant pathogen, causing skin and soft tissue infections and occasionally bloodstream infections. This study, conducted from the clinical microbiology laboratory perspective, delineates the characteristics of P. wickerhamii to facilitate its swift identification by clinical microbiologists. We discovered that tigecycline shows exceptional in vitro activity against P. wickerhamii. Additionally, our findings suggest that P. wickerhamii may exhibit low virulence towards macrophages, while macrophages also demonstrate a low killing ability against P. wickerhamii.

目的 挖掘并分析培唑帕尼上市后的药物不良事件(ADE)信号,为临床安全用药提供参考.方法 通过OpenVigil 2.1数据平台对美国FDA药物不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库进行信号挖掘,收集培唑帕尼2009年10月-2022年6月的ADE报告,采用比例失衡法中的比例报告比值(PRR)法和报告比值比(ROR)法检测该药的ADE信号并进行分析.结果 共筛选出以培唑帕尼为首要怀疑药物的ADE报告16 655份,经ROR法、PRR法挖掘出ADE信号220个,涉及19个系统器官分类.信号频度排前10位的ADE信号在该药的药品说明书中均有记载;发现了88个新的ADE信号,主要分布在胃肠系统、各种检查、肾脏和泌尿系统.嗜碱细胞数减少、甲床出血、肿瘤破裂、阴道瘘既是新的ADE信号,也是信号强度排前10位的ADE信号.结论 培唑帕尼在上市后应用中常见ADE(腹泻、毛发颜色改变、高血压等)的发生情况与其药品说明书基本一致;新的可疑风险信号(嗜碱细胞数减少、甲床出血、肿瘤破裂、阴道瘘等)报道例数较少,还需持续关注.

Objective Clinical pharmacists participate in the pain treatment of cancer patients, and provide pharmaceutical care for patients, so as to ensure clinical safety and rational drug use. Methods According to the pain treatment principles and characteristics of patients with advanced cancer, the pain assessment, medication education and pharmaceutical care were carried out, and the possible drug interactions were analyzed. Results According to the principle of three-step treatment, the pain was effectively controlled after comprehensive evaluation and treatment combined with adjuvant drugs.At the same time, clinical pharmacist provided guidance to patients during medication and in the process of dosage reduction, monitored adverse drug reactions, discovered the possible drug interactions, and put forward reasonable suggestions to clinicians for adoption, so that the patients can get medication safety at the same time of effective analgesia. Conclusion By participating in the pain treatment, providing pharmaceutical care for patients, effectively assisting clinical treatment, the clinical pharmacists made drug use more safely, and improved the satisfaction and quality of life of patients greatly.

目的:总结该院新型抗肿瘤药物处方专项点评情况,以促进临床合理用药.方法:回顾性分析 2018-2021 年该院新型抗肿瘤药物处方专项点评情况,对点评结果进行分析和汇总.结果:2018-2021 年该院新型抗肿瘤药物处方点评共 48 次,共抽取处方 4 800 张,其中合理处方 4 578 张,处方合格率为 95.38%.222 张不合理处方中,不规范处方 197 张(占 88.74%),不合理类型均为"开具处方未写临床诊断或临床诊断书写不全";用药不适宜处方 25 张(占 11.26%).超说明书用药共涉及 276 张处方,均为超说明书适应证用药;涉及的药品中,阿帕替尼的超说明书用药处方数最多,为 166 张(占 60.14%),其次为安罗替尼(49 张,占17.75%).结论:根据现行法规制度、临床指南等证据不断完善新型抗肿瘤药物点评规则和流程将使得处方更加规范,临床用药更加合理.

目的 分析小分子激酶抑制剂(SMKI)药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 对本院2011年1月1日至2022年12月31日监测到的136例SMKI相关ADR进行分析,从患者基本情况、药品使用情况、ADR发生情况等方面探讨SMKI所致ADR的特点和风险.结果 136 例患者共发生例次ADR,涉及 21种SMKI,患者平均年龄(57.75±12.74)岁,肺癌患者占54.41%.34例ADR存在超说明书使用药品情况.ADR累及系统-器官以胃肠系统为主,其次为皮肤及皮下组织.54.41%的ADR患者未调整SMKI的用药剂量,16.91%为严重ADR病例,56.62%的ADR经过治疗好转.结论 SMKI相关ADR多数患者可耐受,部分患者需要减少给药剂量及对症处理,ADR可累及多个系统-器官.应指导患者开展针对性的ADR监测和管理,提高患者药物治疗的安全性和依从性.

Purpose:Blood cultures (BCs) are essential laboratory tests for diagnosing blood stream infections. BC diagnostic improvement depends on several factors during the preanalytical phase outside of innovative technologies. In order to evaluate the impact of an educational program on BC quality improvement, a total of 11 hospitals across China were included from June 1st 2020 to January 31st 2021.Methods:Each hospital recruited 3 to 4 wards to participate. The project was divided into three different periods, pre-implementation (baseline), implementation (educational activities administered to the medical staff) and post-implementation (experimental group). The educational program was led by hospital microbiologists and included professional presentations, morning meetings, academic salons, seminars, posters and procedural feedback.Results:The total number of valid BC case report forms was 6299, including 2739 sets during the pre-implementation period and 3560 sets during the post-implementation period. Compared with the pre-implementation period, some indicators, such as the proportion of patients who had 2 sets or more, volume of blood cultured, and BC sets per 1000 patient days, were improved in the post-implementation period (61.2% vs 49.8%, 18.56 vs 16.09 sets, and 8.0 vs 9.0mL). While BC positivity and contamination rates did not change following the educational intervention (10.44% vs 11.97%, 1.86% vs 1.94%, respectively), the proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci-positive samples decreased in BSI patients (6.87% vs 4.28%).Conclusion:Therefore, medical staff education can improve BC quality, especially increasing volume of blood cultured as the most important variable to determine BC positivity, which may lead to improved BSI diagnosis.

Background: Pemetrexed plus platinum alone is the conventional first-line therapy for locally advanced metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable genetic aberrations. The ORIENT-11 trial revealed that sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum could yield more survival benefits for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. The present study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum vs. that of pemetrexed plus platinum alone as the first-line therapy for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC to inform clinically rational drug use and provide a basis for medical decision making.Methods: A partitioned survival model was created to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two groups from the perspective of the healthcare system in China. The clinical data for adverse event probabilities and extrapolating long-term survival originally collected in a phase III clinical trial (ORIENT-11) were retrieved. Local public databases and literature were used to acquire data on utility and cost. The heemod package in R software was used to calculate the life years (LYs), quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs), and total costs in each group to generate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in the base case and to conduct deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA).Results: Our base case analysis (BCA) revealed that sintilimab combined with pemetrexed plus platinum provided an increase of 0.86 in QALYs with an increasing cost of United State dollar (USD) $4,317.84 relative to pemetrexed plus platinum in Chinese patients with nonsquamous NSCLC who were negative for targetable genetic variations, which induced an ICER of USD $5,020.74/QALY. The ICER value was lower than the set threshold value. The results exhibited strong robustness in the sensitivity analysis. In DSA, the parameter for the overall survival (OS) curve in chemotherapy and the cost of best supportive care were the main factors that impacted the result of the ICER. The PSA indicated that sintilimab and chemotherapy combination therapy was cost-effective.Conclusions: This study suggests that the combination of sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum is cost-effective as a first-line therapy in Chinese patients with nonsquamous NSCLC who are negative for targetable genetic variations from the perspective of the healthcare system.

目的:探讨甲磺酸达拉非尼联合曲美替尼上市后的药品不良事件信号,为临床安全用药提供参考.方法:利用OpenVigil 2.1-MedDRA平台,收集美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库中有关甲磺酸达拉非尼与曲美替尼联合应用的不良事件数据,截至2022年第2季度.采用比例失衡算法分析不良事件信号,分析不良事件上报的人群特征以及频数较高和新发的不良事件信息.结果:共获取甲磺酸达拉非尼与曲美替尼联合应用的不良事件报告9712例,涉及男性患者4555例(占46.90％),女性患者3921例(占40.37％);18～<65岁患者较多(2503例,占25.77％);上报数据主要源于美国(4287例,占44.14％);严重的不良事件主要包括死亡(2100例,占21.62％)、导致住院或住院时间延长(1889例,占19.45％).发生频数较高的不良事件主要有恶性肿瘤转移,发热和皮肤毒性等;新发的不良事件主要有吞咽困难、惊厥和脂膜炎等.结论:临床联合应用甲磺酸达拉非尼与曲美替尼时,应对发生频数较高以及新发的不良事件予以重视.在使用药物治疗前、治疗中及随访阶段,均应做好相关监测工作,有效保障患者用药安全.

目的 探讨利多卡因致过敏性休克的临床特征,为临床安全用药提供参考.方法 回顾分析我院2016年10月1日至2019年12月31日3例利多卡因致过敏性休克的病例,同时检索Pubmed、Sciencedirect、中国知网、万方数据和维普网,汇总分析国内外报道的不良反应文献.结果 共191例病例纳入分析,病例中位年龄35岁,男女人数比例1:1.15.57例(29.8％)曾有药物过敏史.155例(81.2％)在用药后10 min内发生过敏性休克.164例恢复(85.9％),27例(14.1％)死亡.过敏性休克发生时间t≤5 min组与5 min<t≤10 min组之间死亡率差异有统计学意义,表面麻醉组和局部浸润组之间死亡率差异有统计学意义(Bonferroni校正,P<0.0125).结论 利多卡因致过敏性休克的致死率与局麻药过敏史、给药剂量和麻醉方式可能有关,临床应用前应详细询问患者药物过敏史,依照合适的剂量和速度给药,用药全程加强监护.

Purpose: To establish a pharmacist-led olaparib follow-up program for ovarian cancer patients, provide patient education, get information on adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and identify and manage drug-related problems. Methods: Ambulatory adult patients with ovarian cancer receiving olaparib were enrolled. At least one follow-up session was conducted by clinical pharmacists. Pharmacists collected data on the type and grade of ADRs, drug adherence, olaparib dosing, concomitant medications, and pharmacists’ suggestions. Results: 83 patients were enrolled with the median age of 58. The average number of the follow-up sessions provided to each patient was 1.31, and the average duration of each follow-up was 17.78 min. The olaparib starting dose for most patients (97.59%) was 600 mg/d. 36.14% of the patients had missed olaparib doses and 27.71% of the patients had dose adjustments due to ADRs. The most common ADRs (incidence≥10%) were: fatigue (40.96%), anemia (36.14%), leukopenia (36.14%), nausea (28.92%), thrombocytopenia (16.87%), anorexia (16.87%), dyspepsia (15.66%). The tolerability profiles were generally similar between patients treated for “first-line maintenance” and those treated for “recurrence maintenance” (p > .05). There were 42% of the patients who were concomitantly taking medications without exact chemical contents (such as formulated Chinese medicines and Chinese decoctions), and common types of concomitant medications with exact drug names were antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic medications. The pharmacists identified 4 clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in two patients. Pharmacists made 196 suggestions mainly related to rational use of the medications and management of ADRs. Conclusion: The study provides the first report about pharmacist-led follow-up service for olaparib. The types of ADRs were similar to those previously observed in clinical trials, and the profiles of ADRs in different types of patients (first-line maintenance vs. recurrence maintenance) were also similar. Pharmacists identified drug-related problems (such as adherence, DDIs and management of ADRs) and offer suggestions for the patients.

This study investigated whether captopril can reverse drug resistance in metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and increase their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. And also aimed to further characterize the affinity of captopril for imipenemase 4 (IMP-4) to explore the drug resistance treatment of MBL-producing bacteria. Five clinically isolated MBL-producing strains of CRKP were screened and the combined effects of captopril and meropenem were examined in vitro and in vivo to analyze whether captopril can reverse antimicrobial resistance in drug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, enzyme inhibition kinetics was analyzed to characterize the affinity of captopril for IMP-4. In MBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, combined treatment with captopril significantly reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenems to 1 μg/mL at least, and captopril inhibited New-Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) and IMP-4 in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Following the infection of Galleria mellonella by IMP-expressing bacteria, the survival rates were significantly higher in the combination treatment group than in the monotherapy groups. And the bacterial load in the combination treatment group was significantly lower than those in the monotherapy groups and IMP-4-producing bacteria were more sensitive to the combination treatment than NDM-1-producing bacteria. Additionally, enzyme inhibition kinetics firstly illustrated that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of captopril for IMP-4 was 26.34 μM, and the dissociation constant was 37.14 μM. In brief, captopril potentiated meropenem activity and restored its efficacy against MBL-producing CRKP. Additionally, analysis of enzyme inhibition kinetics confirmed that captopril has good inhibitory effects on IMP-4 activity. Therefore, captopril or its derivatives may have clinical utility for overcoming antibiotic resistance.

Purpose: To evaluate the administration regimen of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) for bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CZA against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa isolated from blood cultures at member hospitals in BRICS (Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System) in 2019 were determined by broth micro-dilution methodology. A 10,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was used to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for different CZA dosage regimens to evaluate their efficacies and optimize the best initial dosage regimen. Results: Altogether, 6487 Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from the blood cultures. The overall CZA resistance rate was 2.31%, of which the Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa rates were 1.57% and 14.29%, respectively. The MCS showed that the greater the MIC value, the worse the therapeutic effect. When the CZA MIC was <= 8 mg/L, the standard dose (2.5g iv q8h) achieved 90% PTA in the subset of patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) values from 51 to 120 mL/min. Although the high-dose regimen (3.75g iv q8h) achieved 90% PTA in patients with CrCl values from 121 to 190 mL/min, implementing the low-dose regimen (1.25g iv q8h) was also effective for patients in the 51-89 mL/min CrCl range. Generally, the high-dose regimen (3.75g iv q8h) reached 90% CFR against all of the strains. Conversely, in patients with CrCl values of 121-190 mL/min, the standard dose (2.5g iv q8h) failed to reach 90% CFR against some Enterobacteriaceae members and P. aeruginosa. When the dose was reduced to the low-dose regimen (1.25g iv q8h), no patients reached 90% CFR against some Enterobacteriaceae members and P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: CZA has good antibacterial activity against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa in bloodstream infections. Clinicians could make individualized treatment regimens in accordance with the sensitivity of the strains and the level of renal function in their patients to best predict the drug-related clinical responses.

目的:通过具体案例解析,探讨肿瘤药学科普作品创作,提高肿瘤药学科普创作能力.方法:以文章类、表演类、视频类科普作品为例,从作品设计宗旨出发对肿瘤药学科普作品的创意、内容选择、设计、制作过程及注意事项等进行深入剖析,总结肿瘤药学科普创作的特点和难点、作品内容选择的注意事项及创作常用工具和手段.结果:肿瘤药学科普创作中应注意的五大要素是:科学性、思想性、通俗性、艺术性和技巧性.由于肿瘤患者对疾病认识和感受的特殊性,肿瘤药学科普创作最大的难点是在整体氛围上既不能显得沉重,也不能过于轻松.克服该难点可以通过文章总结的"四个避免"和"四个多用"来实现.结论:在肿瘤药学科普创作中充分考虑"五大要素",注意"四个避免"和"四个多用",充分利用现代化工具和手段,有助于创作出内容充实、形式生动、人文色彩浓厚的肿瘤药学科普作品,体现肿瘤专科药师的服务价值和温度.