AIM: To examine and investigate the contrast visual acuity and eyes care habits in Air Force pilot cadets, and analyze the change of contrast visual acuity and the related influencing factors.METHODS: The contrast visual acuity of the students in Grade One and Grade Two at an aviation university was recorded and analyzed, and the visual habits were recorded and analyzed by questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 117 students in Grade One and 210 students in Grade Two were enrolled. The contrast visual acuity of both eyes over 1.0 were 83 students(70.9%)in Grade One and 174 students(82.9%)in Grade Two respectively(P<0.05). Questionnaire survey on the eye care habits by students, showing the second grade students of daily reading time, outdoor sports, sports category, use at night time, with a focus on electronic product knowledge and the degree of attention and when flying cadets were significantly different(P<0.05). There were 87.2% students of Grade One and 93.3% students of Grade Two taking less than or equal to 6h to get daily reading and learning time, 34.2% students of Grade One and 13.8% students of Grade Two taking outdoor sports less than or equal to 2h, 57.3% students of Grade One and 90.0% students of Grade Two taking more than One category of exercise,38.5% students of Grade One and 43.3% students of Grade Two using electronic production less than or equal to 2h, 85.5% students of Grade One and 75.7% students of Grade Two using electronic production at night, and 61.5% students of Grade One and 81.0% students of Grade Two paying high attention to the use of scientific knowledge(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The contrast visual acuity of Air Force pilot cadets keeps improving at theoretical study stage, mainly including the following reasons such as the decreasing of reading time, the increasing of outdoor sports, the improving of exercise methods, the reduce using of electronic production and the enhancing of eyes-using knowledge.

目的 为进一步科学评估青少年航空学校学员抗荷训练成果,改进训练方案,本研究对3所2016年入学的青少年航空学校学员体质体型进行了3年全时程随访研究.方法 采用前瞻随访研究,整群抽取北方地区3所空军青少年航空学校2016级学生作为研究对象,通过实施抗荷体质训练方案,随访测量青少年航空学校学员身高、体质量、颈围、胸围、双上臂围、腰围、臀围和双大腿围数值,根据公式计算体质量指数(BMI)及体脂率,并将3年数据进行自身对比分析.结果 2016—2018年身高明显增加(P<0.0001).2017—2018年BMI显著增加(P<0.0001),体脂率变化差异无统计学意义,腰围身高比先降低后增加(P<0.0001);2017年颈围显著增加(P<0.0001),2018年变化差异无统计学意义,2016—2018年胸围均增加,2017年上臂围显著增加(P<0.0001),2018年变化差异无统计学意义,大腿围先显著降低后增加(P<0.0001).结论 3年青少年航空学校的抗荷力量训练显著抑制了青少年航空学校学员的脂肪堆积,同时促进了抗荷相关的主要肌群肌肉体积的增加,但高三阶段腰部脂肪的堆积及颈部肌肉的训练还需加强.

目的 调查某特定群体血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,HCY)水平,探讨其参考范围,并分析同型半胱氨酸与其他生化指标的相关性,为飞行适应性研究提供参考依据.方法 选取某陆航团飞行学员451人为飞行学员组,均为男性,空军特色医学中心健康体检者910人为对照组,其中男574人,女336人.检测检验者身高、血压、体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI),生化分析仪检测HCY、血脂、肾功能及肝功能等相关指标.结果 飞行学员组和对照组的HCY水平经K-S检验呈非正态分布.对照组HCY平均浓度和中位浓度分别为为(13.91±9.90)μmol/L和11.8μmol/L,HCY的参考范围为8.1～15.5μmol/L;在飞行学员中HCY平均浓度和中位浓度分别为(18.27±14.03)μmol/L和12.9μmol/L,HCY的参考范围为8.5～60.0μmol/L.经Mann-Whitney U检验,飞行学员组HCY明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).对照组中男性健康体检者HCY平均浓度和中位浓度为(15.81±10.47)μmol/L和13.25μmol/L,HCY的参考范围为7.7～40.6μmol/L,飞行学员组HCY水平明显高于对照组中男性健康体检者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).经Spearman相关性检验分析,飞行学员HCY水平除与总胆红素具有相关性(P=0.034),与其他肝功能指标均无相关性(P>0.05).结论 飞行学员HCY明显高于表观正常的健康体检者,应用指南来判定飞行学员HCY相关的疾病危险程度并不适合;HCY在飞行学员人群中呈现超过现有参考范围的较高的水平具有独立性,不与年龄、BMI、血压、以及大多数的代谢指标相关高HCY不能指向任何疾病;对飞行学员设立HCY专用鉴定标准非常必要,也是航卫工作的必需.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of distance vision of the student pilots in their theoretical education stage,and to discover the scientific evidence for revising relevant medical standards of pilot recruitment and student pilot's physical exam.Methods Five hundred and thirtyfour student pilots,who were examined from 2011 to 2012,were selected randomly by their physical examination number as the research objects and the distance vision was recorded when they enrolled in school or transferred to another school.The student pilots were grouped into 0.8,0.9 and ≥ 1.0 groups by their worse distance visual acuity as they enrolled in.As they transferred to another school the distance visnal acuity was compared among groups.One-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis.Results There were 59 students with the distance visual acuity 0.8 when they enrolled in school.As at transferring 13 students' distance visual acuity were unchanged and 46 students' (77.97 ％) distance vision improved.There were 16 students in 0.9 distance visual acuity when enrolled in school.However,as they transferred to another school,1 student's distance vision unchanged,9 students' distance vision improved and 6 students' distance vision decreased,included 1 even fell below 0.8.There were 459 students with the distance visual acuity ≥1.0 when admitted into school.Among them,447 students' distance vision unchanged when they transferred to another school,12 students' distance vision decreased,and 4 of them fell below 0.8.For the student pilots' in 0.8 and 0.9 groups,the percentage of pilot's distance visual acuity rose to 1.0 or even better as transferred to another school accounted for 55.93 ％ and 56.25 ％ respectively.However,≥1.0 group basically remained unchanged as they transferred to another school.The student pilots in ≥1.0 group showed significantly different variation than those in 0.9 group and 0.8 group (P＜0.05).But the trend varied similarly in 0.8 group and 0.9 group (P＞0.05).Conclusions The distance visual acuity of enrolled student pilots may rise from 0.8 or 0.9 to a better level as they transferred to another school.It is undeniable that easing the exam standard of distance visual acuity to 0.8 may not affect the rate of trained pilot in short term.But the long-term influence still needs further investigation.

目的 探讨IL-6在不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者中的作用及法舒地尔对其的影响.方法 选择冠心病患者80例.稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组20例,男12例,女8例; UAP组60例,男36例,女24例.将UAP组分为低、中、高危险组,其中低危险组20例,男13例,女7例;中危险组20例,男11例,女9例;高危险组20例,男12例,女8例.将UAP组配对分成:常规治疗组及法舒地尔治疗组,其中常规治疗组30例,男18例,女12例;法舒地尔治疗组30例,男18例,女12例.同时将20例健康正常人作为正常对照组,男15例,女5例.UAP组患者均给予扩冠、抗凝、调脂等常规治疗,法舒地尔治疗组加用法舒地尔注射液,即将该药2 ml加入生理盐水50 ml静脉滴注,每日2次,疗程14天.正常对照组、所有病例入选前及UAP患者治疗后于清晨取肘静脉血,采取双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法测定血清IL-6水平.结果 治疗前UAP组血清IL-6水平均高于SAP组和正常对照组(P＜0.01),SAP组血清IL-6水平均略高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).在UAP组治疗前,高危险组患者血清IL-6水平均高于中危险组和低危险组(P＜0.01),中危险组患者血清IL-6水平均高于低危险组(P＜0.05).法舒地尔治疗组治疗后血清IL-6 水平均低于治疗前(P＜0.01),常规治疗组治疗后血清IL-6水平均低于治疗前(P＜0.05),法舒地尔治疗组治疗后血清IL-6水平均低于常规治疗组治疗后(P＜0.05).结论 患者外周血中IL-6表达水平与病情严重程度相关;法舒地尔具有抑制UAP患者血清IL-6水平升高的作用;并且可通过抗炎途径治疗UAP.

目的 探讨乌司他丁对老年二尖瓣人工机械瓣置换患者术后早期认知功能的影响.方法 将40例老年单纯二尖瓣人工机械瓣置换患者随机分为对照组和试验组.试验组在麻醉诱导后开始恒速静脉输注乌司他丁6 000 U/kg(30 min内输完),然后以1 000 U*kg-1*h-1的速率持续静脉输注至手术结束,对照组则不使用乌司他丁.于CPB前(T1)、转流后60 min(T2)、停机后60 min(T3)、停机后360 min(T4)抽取动脉血,测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度.分别在术前1天和术后第10天对患者进行神经精神功能9项测验.结果 两组血浆TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10的浓度,在T2～T4各时点与体外循环前比较均明显增加(P<0.01,0.05);T2～T4时点试验组血浆TNF-α和IL-6浓度明显低于对照组(P<0.01),IL-10浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.05).术后认知功能障碍发生率对照组为40%(8例)、试验组为15%(3例),试验组明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 乌司他丁可以降低老年二尖瓣人工机械瓣置换患者术后早期认知障碍的发生率,这可能与其抑制体外循环过程中促炎细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6的释放、促进抗炎细胞因子IL-10的释放有关.

我院神经内科2005年10月至2009年9月共收治脑卒中后肢体运动功能障碍患者127例,随机分为康复组和对照组进行临床对照观察. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床对象所有病人均为我科住院病人,符合1994年全国第四届脑血管病学术会议修订的诊断标准[1],并经头颅CT证实.入选标准:(1)神志清楚,生命体征平稳;(2)首次发病或过去脑血管疾病未遗留神经功能缺损;(3)均存在肢体功能障碍;(4)无严重心、肝、肾功能障碍者.康复组72例,男45例,女27例,年龄40～78岁,平均62岁;其中脑梗死43例,脑出血29例.对照组55例,男35例,女20例,年龄42～79岁,平均62.3岁;其中脑梗死38例,脑出血17例.两组病例的年龄、性别、肢体运动功能等方面比较无显著差异(P>0.05).

目的探讨siRNA（small interfering RNA）对T24人膀胱癌细胞株VEGF基因表达的抑制及癌细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用。方法体外构建两个针对VEGF基因的siVEGF的重组质粒,转染T24细胞;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）测定VEGF基因的表达,并用MTT法和流式细胞仪检测siVEGF对细胞的增殖抑制率和凋亡的影响。结果构建的两个siVEGF重组质粒分别使VEGF基因表达下调到空白组的21.02%和30.13%;control siRNA组的VEGF基因表达与空白组无明显差异。转染siVEGF后T24细胞生长受到抑制,并发生细胞凋亡,凋亡率分别为45.5%和35.9%。结论siVEGF可以有效抑制T24细胞株中VEGF的表达,从而抑制细胞增殖,并诱导细胞凋亡。