The volute of hydraulic turbine unit in hydropower engineering plays an important role in ensuring the uniform water supply of guiding water mechanism and reducing the working intensity of guiding water mechanism. In the process of long-term operation, the concrete volute often has defects such as voids, cracks, non-compactness and honeycomb. If not dealt with in time, the defects will affect the safety and durability of hydraulic concrete components. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out health diagnosis on the concrete volute. In this paper, guided by the idea of combining network general detection and fixed-point inspection, based on different technical principles, different characteristics, different detection scales and different detection accuracy, the comprehensive geophysical exploration methods, such as the ultrasonic shear wave reflection of 3D imaging technique, the pulse echo technique, the acoustic reflection technique, the ground penetrating radar（GPR） technique are used to comprehensively detect the concrete quality around the volute and the contact condition of the steel lining on the top of the volute and concrete. The detection results can provide detailed information of concrete defects around the volute, so as to provide data services and decision support for the health diagnosis of the concrete volute. Practice has proved that the comprehensive geophysical method is an effective technical means to realize the defects detection of concrete volute, and it is worthy of popularization and application in practice.

水力发电工程水轮机蜗壳在长期运行的过程中,经常会出现裂缝、脱空、蜂窝等缺陷,如不及时进行处理,将会影响水工混凝土构件的安全性和耐久性.以"网状普探与定点检查相结合"的健康诊断技术思路为指导,采用基于"不同技术原理、不同方法特点、不同探测尺度、不同探测精度"的超声横波反射三维成像法、脉冲回波法、声波反射法、探地雷达法等物探方法对蜗壳周边混凝土质量、蜗壳顶部钢衬与混凝土接触状况进行检测,最终得出混凝土蜗壳缺陷的详细信息.通过对混凝土蜗壳健康诊断,从而为其工程处理提供数据服务和决策支持.

随着时间的流逝与河水的冲蚀,黄河故道堤岸工程在长期运行中会出现洞穴、裂缝、松散体、脱空区等不良地质现象,将会影响堤岸工程的安全运行,因此,对堤岸隐患进行定期、定向探测十分重要.针对这些不良地质现象与周围环境之间的地球物理参数的差异性,本文采用探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、瞬态瑞雷面波法等地球物理方法进行探测.首先,根据探测目标相对介电常数的大小及波阻抗界面的强弱的差异性,采用探地雷达法对河堤两岸进行普探,由此确定堤岸隐患的存在及位置;然后,以雷达资料解译结果为基础,采用高密度电阻率法进行详查,根据电阻率数值对目标进行深入判断;最后,引入纵波速度这一物性参数,采用瑞雷面波法对上述位置进行复测,验证探测深度并推断是否存在渗漏水异常.根据探测目标地球物理性质的不同,逐级、逐步对目标进行探测和识别,最终确定黄河故道堤岸隐患的存在、类型、分布、特征及规律.实践证明,以地球物理特征差异性为基础,采用"多类型方案设计"对堤岸地质隐患进行探测,并辅以"高密度测线布设",在黄河故道堤岸隐患探测中具有快速、精细、准确、无损探测的特点,取得了良好的应用效果,值得在实践中进行推广和应用.

In the process of long-term operation of water conservancy projects, the concrete components will suffer from abrasion, cracks and other damages. If such problems are not handled in time, the safe operation of water conservancy projects will be seriously affected. Based on the difference of wave impedance caused by the internal defects, we can detect the internal defects of concrete by ultrasonic shear wave reflection 3D imaging method. This method has the characteristics of shear wave detection, array coupling, phase-controlled array imaging, synthetic aperture focusing and so on. Under the configuration of multiple transmitters and multiple receivers, it not only has high signal-to-noise ratio, strong resolution and strong penetrating power, but also improves detection efficiency. Through the application of the ultrasonic shear wave reflection 3D imaging technique into the fine detection of concrete cracks of hydraulic concrete structure and the inner side of spiral case, which provides effective data support for subsequent maintenance and repairing. Practice has proved that the ultrasonic shear wave reflection 3D imaging technique has a good application effect in the diagnosis of cracks, voids and other hydraulic concrete defects, and it is worthy of application and promotion in similar cases.

水利工程在长期运行过程中,其混凝土构件会出现磨蚀、裂缝等损伤,如这类问题不能够及时得到处理,将会严重影响水利工程的安全运行.本次研究主要针对水工混凝土构件中的裂缝检测方法进行研究,提出从"定性"到"定量"的一体化检测思路,具体实施过程分为四部分,即"普探—详查—判定—验证",其中,普探阶段采用探地雷达法,确定裂缝的总体分布;详查阶段采用超声横波反射三维成像的方法,确定裂缝的纵深向分布;判定阶段分别采用裂缝测宽法和表面声波法,用来确定裂缝的表面宽度和贯穿深度;验证采用钻孔电视,确定探测结果的正确性和准确性.上述技术路线突破了单一方法的限制,可有效地运用于水工混凝土构件裂缝检测,经实践证实,具有良好的检测效果.

钢筋是混凝土结构不可或缺的组成部分,钢筋锈蚀程度也是影响工程质量和安全运行的重要因素.在水工钢筋混凝土结构中,水这一因素的存在将会使问题更加复杂和严重.因此,对水工混凝土结构进行钢筋分布及锈蚀检测就变得尤为重要.针对上述问题,采用工程地球物理方法对混凝土结构中钢筋的分层和分布进行探测,并采用电化学方法对锈蚀程度及性状进行检测,得到水工混凝土结构钢筋分布及锈蚀概率统计,由此为混凝土结构缺陷的判断提供数据基础,最终结合裂缝分布及贯穿深度进行分析,达到对水工混凝土危险病害进行判断和识别的目的.通过实例证实,该技术体系应用效果良好,具有一定的实践应用和工程推广意义.

为查明某水利工程引水线路灰岩段工程地质条件,为设计线路提供依据,采用以高密度电法为主、地震折射波法为辅的综合物探方法进行探测并对探测成果进行钻孔验证.高密度电法用于探测岩溶发育情况并粗略划分覆盖层埋深,地震折射波法用于准确划分覆盖层埋深.探测成果划分了覆盖层与基岩分界面,圈定了岩溶分布区域,与钻孔揭露情况基本一致,探测成果真实可靠,可供设计人员使用.综合物探方法具有成本低、效率高、探测精度高等优势,在岩溶区勘察中有广阔的应用前景.

依据覆盖层、完整基岩及溶蚀基岩的电阻率、地震波速差异,采用高密度电法、地震折射波法综合进行地层分层并圈定溶蚀岩体分布范围,在本工程中取得了较好的应用效果,部分已进行开挖验证.综合物探方法具备成本低、效率高、灵活等优势,在岩溶区工程地质勘察具有广阔的应用前景.

以巴基斯坦某深埋长隧洞TBM施工超前地质预报为例,系统介绍了TST超前地质预报技术的基本原理、观测系统、现场测试参数设置、数据处理方法及其处理过程,最终获得隧洞掌子面前方100 ～ 150 m范围内待开挖岩体的地震波偏移图像和地震波速度曲线图像.结合地质分析成果综合解释和判断地震波偏移图像和地震波速度曲线图像中所反映掌子面前方岩体的地质特征及不良地质现象等信息,达到隧洞施工超前地质预报的目的.通过对比分析隧洞桩号9+ 678-9+ 578段TST技术预报成果,说明其与超前水平钻探结果、TBM推力与贯入度参数大小、开挖后地质编录成果等吻合较好,完全符合客观地质实际,为工程设计与施工提供了科学依据,满足了隧洞安全施工的需要.由此表明TST超前地质预报技术可适用于TBM施工的深埋长水工隧洞的预报工作,还可获得良好的应用效果,为类似工程提供了很好的借鉴范例.

本文简要介绍了探测地下水空间分布的主要物探方法,结合工程实践重点对第四系松散堆积层内孔隙潜水的赋存条件及相应探测方法进行了归纳分析,并对应用效果做了简要评价,同时指出了工作中应予注意的几个问题,可供业内技术人员参考借鉴.

高密度电法具有直观高效的优点,但是常用数据处理方法只能构造二维电阻率剖面,与其它剖面缺乏空间上的联系比对,形式较为单一,不利于三维空间的资料分析。应用VBA辅助编程软件和Surfer绘图软件实现了多条二维电阻率测试数据的三维切片成图,并在工程上得到了成功应用。

The western regions of Central Africa across the equator,there is a tropical rainforest climate,perennial hot and humid,abundant rainfall,the annual rainfall is over 2,000 mm.In Cameroon,the Republic of Congo,Democratic Republic of Congo and other countries where found some different resistivity characteristics from the domestic general law at hydropower geophysical work.The authors summarized out the general characteristics of the surface resistivity in this area and analyzed its cause roughly by analyzing the results of resistivity test in the period of survey,which provide some references for peers and designers.

电站接地系统是电站安全运行的基本保证之一,而接地体周围电阻率的高低又是接地系统设计的重要参数。因此,测试电站的电阻率具有重要的意义。以刚果(金)ZONGOⅡ水电站为例,分析了该工程的岩土体及水的电阻率特征。

The comprehensive geophysical prospecting were applied in Longkou Water Control Project to research the excavation by blasting effect and damage mechanism,basic acceptance criteria,soft interlayer space distribution of dam foundation.According to the test results,the river barrage located on the No.1-No.10 dam sections and powerhouse consolidation grouting foundation were optimum designed,which greatly saved the project investment and speeded up the construction progress.