以 15 个糯玉米品种为试验材料,研究不同糯玉米品种在同一地区种植的产量、食味品质和营养品质的差异.结果表明,①产量各性状在品种间变幅差异较大,籽粒总淀粉含量在品质性状间变幅最大,其他籽粒品质性状的变幅较小,均处在 0.04～5.20 之间.②食味品质总分与外观、风味、柔嫩性呈显著正相关,蔗糖含量与可溶性糖含量、总淀粉含量呈显著正相关,总淀粉含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白质含量呈显著负相关,其余性状间均表现为相关不显著;籽粒弹性与籽粒硬度 2 相关不显著,其余性状间均表现出显著相关或极显著相关.③京科糯 2000 的食味品质总分、籽粒总淀粉含量和籽粒弹性均最高,斯达糯 41 和京科糯 768 的食味品质总分、籽粒可溶性糖和蔗糖含量也较高.基于不同品种综合品质性状的表现,京科糯 2000、京科糯 768 和斯达糯 41可以推荐作为冀东地区的优选糯玉米品种.

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield is greatly affected by the environmental and cultivate pattern. Grain filling and dehydration play important roles in maize grain dry mass accumulation and are important biological processes in maize growth and development. Four maize cultivars were planted at Hebei province with planting densities of 60000 and 75000 plants/ha during 2017-18. The kernel fresh weight and dry weight of four cultivars were measured at 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50 and 57 days after pollination of two planting densities. Logistic model was used to estimate the grain filling process in different environments. The results showed that the maximum filling rates of all cultivars under two planting densities were attained at about 25 days after pollination. The grain filling period was longer under the planting density of 60000 plants/ha. Meanwhile, the grain dehydration was slower. With the increased of planting density, 100-grain weight of per plant decreased while the yield increased. The higher yield was contributed by the larger numbers of plants. It indicated that suitable higher planting density will enhance the yield of maize. Bract, cob and grain water content were significantly correlated. This study indicated a negative effect of dense planting on grain filling.

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. is a medicinal and edible plant. To evaluate its suitability for cultivation on the coastal saline-alkali land in northern China for high quality functional products, salt-tolerance identification and flavonoid contents were evaluated under saline treatments. Results showed that the salt-tolerance threshold of A. manihot ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 g L−1; however, low soil salt content (<3 g L−1) had the best growth and accumulation of total flavonoids. Sixteen kinds of common functional components such as hyperoside, rutoside, and quercetin were found. Of these components, the four (myricetin-3-0-glucoside, rutoside, quercetin-3′-0-glucoside, and gossypetin-8-0-β-d-glucuronic acid) with the highest content were chosen as the quality evaluation indexes. High levels of quality and yield occurred at a soil salt content of 3 g L−1. Our results suggested that soil salt content should not exceed 3 g L−1 in field cultivation for high quality and high yield of A. manihot.

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. is a medicinal and edible plant. To evaluate its suitability for cultivation on the coastal saline-alkali land in northern China for high quality functional products, salt-tolerance identification and flavonoid contents were evaluated under saline treatments. Results showed that the salt-tolerance threshold of A. manihot ranged from 4.1 to 6.9 g L−1; however, low soil salt content (<3 g L−1) had the best growth and accumulation of total flavonoids. Sixteen kinds of common functional components such as hyperoside, rutoside, and quercetin were found. Of these components, the four (myricetin-3-0-glucoside, rutoside, quercetin-3′-0-glucoside, and gossypetin-8-0-β-d-glucuronic acid) with the highest content were chosen as the quality evaluation indexes. High levels of quality and yield occurred at a soil salt content of 3 g L−1. Our results suggested that soil salt content should not exceed 3 g L−1 in field cultivation for high quality and high yield of A. manihot.

Understanding of the response of tropical and temperate maize (Zea mays L.) to drought is the first step for tolerant temperate maize improvement. Eight maize hybrids were used to investigate physiology responses under drought stress, four of them were tropical maize and the others were temperate maize. Results showed that there were different drought tolerances but similar trends in both tropical maize and temperate maize. Gas exchange parameters revealed different strategies of maize under the stress. In our study, most of the temperate hybrids maintained open stomata to keep a higher photosynthesis rate at the beginning of stress, while the other hybrids decreased stomatal conductance. Compared to temperate maize, the tropical maize had higher antioxidase activity and greater physiological parameter variation among hybrids. KS5731 and ZD309 had stronger drought resistance among tropical and temperate maize hybrids separately. Tolerant hybrids maintained active photosynthesis, have higher osmotic adjustment ability and antioxidase activities but lower malonaldehyde content than the sensitive ones. Our results led to a better understanding of the physiological responses of tropical and temperate maize plants to drought stress and may provide an insight of breeding for drought resistance in maize.

干旱是影响植物生长的重要环境因素之一.植物在干旱胁迫下的响应策略一直是抗旱生理的研究热点.本研究综述了干旱胁迫下植物抗旱基因转录调控、渗透调节、活性氧清除、保护蛋白以及形态结构等方面的响应机制,并对未来植物抗旱研究提出了几点建议:结合转录组学、蛋白质组学等手段挖掘机理;加强干旱与其他环境因子复合胁迫效应对植物生长发育影响的研究.

以玉米细胞质雄性不育系为材料,对自交系冀161的育性、恢复性进行测定.结果表明,冀161对黄早四、Mo17背景下的CMS-S,CMS-M,CMS-21A,CMS-Rb,CMS-Bb,CMS-Es,CMS-R不育胞质分别呈完全恢复、部分恢复和不育性保持.冀161同不育材料一次测交与再次回交的育性测定结果相同.自交系冀161可作为CMS-C和CMS-S不育胞质的恢复系,为利用多胞质进行不育化制种提供了条件.

AO and EB fluorescent double staining and Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining methods were used to detach the apoptosis of root cap cells.Detection of apoptosis and the change of its ratio induced by HMC toxin in the root cap cells detached from a pair of homokaryon B37-C and B37-N inbred line of maize.In contrast,the ratios of apoptosis of B37-C were 24.8%,58.2%,70.2%,and B37-N were 11.0%,25.7%,36.6% by AO and EB staining,after HMC-toxin with 50,100,150 μg/mL treated for 7h.The max ratios of apoptosis of B37-C and B37-N stained by AO and EB were 62.3% and 25.8%,respectively,after HMC toxin with 150 μg/mL treated for 4 h.And the ratios of apoptosis of B37-C were 32.5%,58.7%,74.5% and B37-N were 7.5%,22.3%,30.7% by Hoechst 33258 staining, after HMC-toxin with 50,100,150 μg/mL treated for 7 h.The max ratios of apoptosis of B37-C and B37-N stained by Hoechst 33258 were 62.3% and 19.3%,respectively,after HMC toxin with 150 μg/mL treated for 4 h.

The toxin activity of Helminthosporium maydis race C( HMC) was detected by 3 different methods,and their detection effects were compared. The results showed that isolated leaf acupuncture inoculation could be relatively simple to detect the activity of toxins and lesion formation,but was not carried out for qualitative analysis. The method of root cap cells staining could be used for qualitative as well as qualitative analysis. Although free protoplasts staining method for the determination of HMC toxin activity was accurate and reliable,it cost a lot. In contrast,the method of root cap cell staining is a simple,quick,accurate,economical and applicable method for the determination of disease resistance and can quickly screen the resistant individuals,which provide a material basis for accelerating breeding.

The anaerobic bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia extracted from the cattle stomach in the condition of anaerobic,when used the sucrose as the main induction material in the anaerobic fluidized-bed bioreactor which was invented and manufacted by us,in a certain temperature and pH value,the bacteria could generate hydrogen with the straw which is cellulose anaerobic fermentation.The results showed that the anaerobic bacteria not only was capable of producing hydrogen,but could form white granules onto the adsorption activated carbon in the reactor.After the formation of the granules,in the condition of constant HRT,most sucrose in the fresh medium was consumed after 3 days.Next,the anaerobic bacteria would produce the hydrogen with the sweet sorghum straw in the induction of sucrose.The conclusion was that the Klebsiella pneumonia growing best in 10h,the temperature and the pH value of producing hydrogen were 37℃ and 6.0 respectively.During the reaction time,HRT reduced from 9.3 h to 4.6h after 14 days.The experiments proved that in the stage of using sweet sorghum straw,the hydrogen production was obviously higher than in the stage of using the sugarcane in the medium.The highest content of hydrogen in the whole experiment process could reach up to 28%.

从南非引入24份玉米种质资源进行初步试种,结果表明:南非22号比对照农大108增产44.4％,子粒赖氨酸含量比对照略高；南非9号比对照增产37.5％,但子粒赖氨酸含量比对照低5.6％；南非3号增产11.2％.南非2号与5号的子粒赖氨酸含量分别比对照高10.3％与8.6％,达极显著水平,其他12个品种子粒赖氨酸含量也均超过了对照.通过南、北方4个生长季节的试种、产比与选育,已获得各类优株穗选资源共计300个穗,丰富了当地种质资源.

Apoptosis in protoplasts from homokaryon maize B37(CB37,NB37) and Mo17(CMo17,NMo17) inbred lines treated by HMC-toxin were studied.Homokaryon maize B37 and Mo17 inbred lines were tested and the protoplasts may be stained by AO and EB.The protoplasts were divided into 4 groups.3 groups were treated by 0,50,100,150 μg/mL of HMC-toxin as the experimental groups,and the induced time were 1,3,6 h to study the feature of apoptotic and the rate of apoptosis.The apoptotic features such as apoptotic bodies,chromatin margination or ring chromatin were found after the treatment.When treated by HMC-toxin with different concentrations,the apoptosis rates of CB37,NB37,CMo17 and NMo17 maize protoplasts were 10.80%,4.90%,21.00%,and 8.83%.According to the above study,a conclusion can be reached as follows: apoptosis in protoplasts from homokaryon maize B37 were the same as that of Mo17;CB37 and CMo17 were more sensitive to HMC-toxin than NB37 and NMo17,respectively;when treated by the same concentration of HMC-toxin,the apoptosis rates of CB37 and CMo17 maize protoplasts were significantly higher than NB37 and NMo17 respectively;the rates of apoptosis were significantly different between C and N,and the former was significantly higher than the latter.In addition,the apoptosis rate increased when the treatment time and the concentration increased.

甜高粱杂交种能饲2号是河北省农林科学院谷子研究所以自选不育系2A为母本,以甜高粱恢复系823为父本杂交组配而成,于2005～2007年连续3年在所内进行了产量和抗性鉴定,2008～2009年连续2年进行了河北省多点区域试验,2010年进行了生产试验并通过专家组检测,于2011年7月通过河北省科技成果转化服务中心组织的专家鉴定,正式定名为“能饲2号”.本品种表现高产、稳产、品质优良、抗逆性强,适合能源和饲草用途,有广阔的推广前景.

A bench scale BTL facility is constructed and commissioned. A down draft fixed bed biomass gasification facility is used to convert the biomass into wood gas, which is then compressed into the gas cylinder after initial gas clean up. The gas is to be used in the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction. A single tube fixed bed reactor is utilized as the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, which is heated with oil bath. Wood gas from the cylinder is cleaned up in a special designed gas clean up facility to lower the total sulfur content to < 10 ppbv. The reactor has the capacity of producing 100 g liquid products/day. COMPS's Once-Through Fischer-Tropsch Process will be demonstrated, which will lead to the design of a BTL pilot plant. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2011 AIChE Spring Meeting & 7th Global Congress on Process Safety (Chicago, IL 3/13-17/2011).

Crop straw resource is abundant in China,but the straw stalk utilization and conversion rate are low and the environmental pollution is serious.As the by-products of the crops,the utilization ways of straw vary.This paper introduces varied use form of the energy-oriented crops straw,and as the development of biotechnology,the transformation and the use of the raw material of the agricultural straw fibre will open up new industrial raw material sources of fermentation and energy development.The dynamics exploitation of the crop straw increase and the best effective way to thoroughly solve the crops straw waste and a low comprehensive utilization rate are found.Producing hydrogen by plant cellulose fermentation and the research techniques of biomass synthetic oils are first carried out in China.They can realize the sustainable utilization of the resource,and they comply with the requirements of the strategy of sustainable development.They will contributes to the constructing a resource-conserving and an environment-friendly society of China.

【Objective】 To study the feature of apoptosis and the change of its ratio induced by HMC toxin in the root cap cells detached from a pair of homokaryon Mo17-C and Mo17-N inbred line of maize.【Method】AO and EB staining and Hoechst 33258 staining methods were used to detach the apoptosis of root cap cells.In the process of induction,root cap cells appeared apoptotic bodies and marginate of chromosome morphology.Living,necrosis and apoptosis cells could be distinguished clearly by AO and EB complex staining and Hoechst 33258 staining.【Result】The ratio of apoptosis in Mo17-C cells was sharply higher than that of Mo17-N,and the max ratios of apoptosis of Mo17-C and Mo17-N were 68.7% and 29%.In contrast,the max ratios of apoptosis of Mo17-C and Mo17-N stained by Hoechst 33258 were 57.3% and 27.7%,respectively.After HMC toxin with 150 μg?mL-1 treated for 7 h,the apoptosis rate was the highest.【Conclusion】 Harmed by HMC toxin,the root cap cells appeared apoptosis.The ratio of apoptosis in C cytoplasm was higher than in N cytoplasm.Along with the increase of toxin concentration and treating time,the ratio of apoptosis became higher.In spite of the different staining methods by AO and EB or by Hoechst 33258,the ratio of the cell apoptosis was similar.But the early and late apoptotic cells could be distinguished only by AO and EB complex staining.

The research characteristics of biomass energy,the status of utilization of agricultural resources and the research progress development of biomass energy at home and abroad are describes.The preparation of hydrogen using crops straw via anaerobic fermentation and the research techniques of synthetic oil from biomass by Hebei Plant Transgene Center are introduced.The biomass energy can ease the pressure from energy.The significance of biomass energy research is explained,and the biomass energy research in the future is discussed and prospected.

Apoptosis in protoplasts and leaves from Homokaryon maize B37 treated by HMC toxin were studied.The apoptotic features such as apoptotic bodies,chromatin margination or ring chromatin were found after the treatment stained by Hoechst33258.When treated by the same concentration of HMC toxin,the apoptosis rate of B37-C maize protoplasts were significantly higher than B37-N.In addition,the apoptosis rate was increased when the treatment time and concentration increasing.For the leaves of maize B37-C,the obvious DNA ladder was appeared with treatment concentration:200 μg/mL;treatment time:6 h.For the leaves of maize B37-N,the obvious DNA ladder was appeared with treatment concentration:200 μg/mL;treatment time:9 h which was longer than leaves of maize B37-C.Apoptosis in protoplasts from Homokaryon maize B37 were same to the leaves.B37-C was more sensitive than B37-N.

The new groups(NRRSPⅠC0,NRRSPⅡC0) synthesized by 36 new mutual advantage germplasm selected of recurrent and 6 conventional advantages of group were adopted.Using Ployphenol Oxidase(PPO) enzyme activity mensurate of the cytoplasm.The results showed that Tan-Hz C5 expressed the best in enzyme activity and disease resistance.Tan-Hz C5,NRRSPⅡC0 and Reid C2 possessed the same and higher PPO activity.On the contrary,Luda and PFC5 expressed the lowest and significant differences compare in front three material about PPO activity.Pn6 C4 and new advantages germplasm groups NRRSPⅠC0 and Lan C2,had general performance.NRRSPⅡC0 and NRRSPⅠC0 expressed well in Setosphaeria turcica and Helminthosporium maydis in maize,but Luda was higher illness.The result showed that PPO activity had well accordance with disease resistance.