实验教学是医学微生物教学中不可或缺的组成部分,不但可以有效促进理论课教学内容的消化吸收,还能培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,因此实验教学也是教学改革的重要环节.从医学微生物学实验教学角度出发,结合七年制和本科教学实践,概括了医学微生物学实验教学改革的内容,从明确教学目的、开展设计式教学、采用多样化教学手段和融入人文教育这几个方面介绍改革经验.

目的 研究不同产地的黄芩对小鼠四氯化碳所致的急性肝损伤的影响.方法 将110只ICR小鼠,随机分成11组,每组10只,各实验组分别灌胃给予相应浓度药物0.2ml/10g,共7天,实验对照组和模型组以蒸馏水代替药物.末次给药2小时后,除对照组(用橄榄油代替)外其余10组每只小鼠按10ml/kg腹腔注射0.1%CCl4橄榄油溶液.给予CCl4后禁食不禁水18h,摘眼球采血并同时解剖取肝,冰浴下用生理盐水制成10%匀浆,测定血清及肝匀浆相关指标.结果 三个产地的黄芩均能降低小鼠血清ALT、AST,减轻肝细胞损伤,增强能量代谢,提高机体的抗氧化能力.河北承德产地的黄芩与另两个产地的相比较,具有较好的肝脏保护作用和抗氧化作用.结论 道地药材黄芩与非道地药材黄芩药性和药效之间有差异,在黄芩的临床应用上具有一定指导意义.

OBJECTIVE To develop HPLC methods for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide in Saposhnicovia divaricata and of HPLC fingerprint to compare the wild and culture varieties. METHOD Conditions of determination: Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), methanol-water (40:60) as mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. Conditions of HPLC fingerprint: MG II C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), using linear gradient elution, the column temperature was 30 degrees C. RESULT The average recovery of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 99.6% (RSD 0.72%, n=6). The average recovery of 5-O-methylvisammisoide was 102.6% (RSD 0.88%, n=6). The contents of prim-o-glucosylcimifugin in wild and culture varieties were (4.96 +/- 2.59) and (3.61 +/- 1.82) mg x g(-1) respectively. The contents of 5-O-methylvisammisoide were (3.91 +/- 2.09) and (4.37 +/- 2.02) mg x g(-1) respectively. The compositions of S. divaricata were effective separated under the conditions of HPLC fingerprint. CONCLUSION The HPLC determination method of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide is convenient and accurate. The HPLC fingerprint analysis method could be a basis for quality control and classification evaluate of S. divaricata.

Objective To observe the influences of Kuiyangping Decoction(KD) on the expressions of mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF-mRNA) and VEGF receptor(Flt-1-mRNA) in gastric mucosa in rats with gastric ulcer(GU) ,and to discuss the mechanism.Method The model of chronic acetic-related GU was established by applying modified Okabe method,and then all rats were randomly divided into the normal group,model group,high-dose,mid-dose and low-dose KD groups(5.6,2.8,1.4 g/kg) and ranitidine hydrochloride group(28.3 mg/kg) .All groups were treated for 14 days.The expressions of VEGF-mRNA and Flt-1-mRNA were detected by using RT-PCR.Result In the mid-dose and high-dose KD groups,compared with the model group,the 2-ΔΔC T value of VEGF increased significantly,which indicated that the expression of VEGF-mRNA was regulated upwards with a statistical significance(P0.05,P0.001 respectively) .In the high-dose KD group the 2-ΔΔC T value of Flt-1 increased,which indicated that the expression of Flt-1-mRNA was regulated upwards with a statistical significance(P0.001) .Conclusion KD can increase the expressions of VEGF-mRNA andFlt-1-mRNA in gastric mucosa in rats with GU,which may be one of molecular bases of improving the healing of GU and healing quality,and reducing recurrence of GU.