Objective To observe the effects and characteristics of somatogravic illusions and vestibular autonomic reaction induced by short arm centrifuge exposure,and to define the appropriate speed of short arm centrifuge for somatogravic illusion simulation training on the ground.Methods One hundred and five healthy pilots performed somatogravic illusion by SAC-Ⅲ short arm centrifuge with various speeds.And somatogravic illusions and vestibular autonomic reaction were compared.Results The somatogravic illusions,including forward torsion illusion,forward illusion and backward illusion,can be induced when the short arm centrifuge were acceleration of starting,uniform motion and deceleration of braking.And the expressions and characteristics of the somatogravic illusions were approximately the same,while the illusion strength was enhanced with the speed increase.The illusion induced rate of 37 r/min exposure was enhanced than the induced rates of 30r/min and 21 r/min exposure (P ＜0.01).And when 30 r/min and 21 r/min exposure,the illusion induced rates showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The scores of vestibular autonomic reaction under three kinds of speed increased with the speed increase,but there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions When the speed of centrifuge was 37 r/min,the induced rate of the somatogravic illusions was higher and the vestibular autonomic reaction was mild.Therefore,the 37 r/min exposure of short arm centrifuge was more appropriate for pilot somatogravic illusion simulation training on the ground.

目的 观察短臂离心机前庭习服训练效果,探讨其用于军事飞行人员地面前庭习服训练的可行性.方法 在SAC-Ⅲ型短臂离心机上对9名前庭稳定性水平较低的飞行人员进行连续7天的科里奥利加速度前庭习服训练,观察耐受时间变化趋势,对比训练前后耐受时间和前庭自主神经反应主观分值的变化.结果 随着训练次数的增加,耐受时间呈持续上升趋势.经7d训练后耐受时间明显延长(P＜0.01),前庭自主神经反应主观分值明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 短臂离心机用于前庭习服训练效果显著,可用于飞行人员前庭稳定性训练.

Objective To investigate reaction ability in pilots ,and analyze the difference of reaction ability of pilots served in differ-ent planes,and so as to suggest more objective evidence for selecting pilot .Methods A total of 561 pilots of active army were examined by the Digital Search test ,which were used by DXC-6 psychological measurement instrument .Results According to the course of an-swering,the reaction time was shorter and shorter;Reaction time of bombing plane group was shorter than those in group of helicopter plane and fighter plane,and group of fighter plane was shorter than group of aero transport plane (F=70.356,P<0.001);The time of the aero transport plane and helicopter plane groups were longer in the four groups ,while shorter time group was fighter plane ,and the shortest group was bombing plane at every parts of answering (F=5.994,P<0.01).Conclusion The reaction time of ability can be one of the objective evidence for selecting pilot in different planes .

Objective To observe the effects and characteristics of vestibular illusions and vestibular autonomic reactions induced by short arm centrifuge exposure,and to search the appropriate rotation speed of short arm centrifuge for vestibular illusion simulation training on the ground.Methods Ninety healthy pilots were divided into 3 groups by the rotation speed of 21,30 and 37 r/min that generated by SAC-Ⅲ short arm centrifuge.By referencing the vestibular illusions simulation training on electric rotating chair,they were exposure to the simulation of counter-rotatory illusion and Coriolis illusion.Vestibular illusions and vestibular autonomic reactions were compared.Results ①When the speed was 21 r/min,the induced rates of the counter-rotatory illusion,Coriolis tumbling illusion (including head turn to right and to left) and Coriolis somatogyral illusion (including head pitched up and down) were lower than the induced rates under the speed of 30 r/min and 37 r/min (X2＝6.477 20.000,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).And when the speed was 30 r/min and 37 r/min,the induced rates showed no significant difference (x2 ＝0.073-0.351,P＞0.05).②The expressions and characteristics of the centrifuge evoked counter-rotatory illusion were approximately the same under three different rotation speeds,while the illusion strength was enhanced with the speed increase.The expressions and characteristics of the Coriolis tumbling illusion induced by different speed showed no significant difference (X2 ＝0.090,0.056,P＞0.05).And the expressions of the Coriolis somatogyral illusions were multiform.Under three different speeds,the Coriolis somatogyral illusions showed no significant difference when the pilot's head pitched down (X2 ＝ 1.810,P＞0.05).The case of Coriolis somatogyral illusions was very rare when pilot's head pitched up and the result was not taken into account.③The scores of vestibular autonomic reaction were increased with the rotation speed increase,and showed significant difference (F＝ 15.058,P＜0.01).When the speed was 37 r/min,the score of vestibular autonomic reaction was significantly higher than the scores of 21 r/min and 30 r/min (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the scores of 21 r/min and 30 r/min (P＞0.05).Conclusions When the speed of centrifuge was 30 r/m in,the induced rate of the vestibular illusions was the highest and the vestibular autonomic reaction was mild.For the 2 m arm centrifuge,the 30 r/min rotation was appropriate for pilots' vestibular illusion simulation training on the ground.

目的 观察短臂离心机不同暴露阶段前庭本体性错觉的形态表现特点,探寻可用短臂离心机进行模拟训练的前庭本体性错觉类型.方法 在SAC-Ⅲ型短臂离心机上对145名健康歼击机飞行员进行前庭本体性错觉模拟,观察其在离心机启动加速、匀速不动头、匀速动头和制动减速4个阶段的主观感觉.结果 启动加速阶段诱发出前倾扭转错觉,诱发率47.6％;匀速不动头阶段诱发出前倾错觉,诱发率47.6％;匀速动头时诱发出科里奥利翻转错觉(包括头右旋和头左旋时)和科里奥利旋转错觉(包括头前倾和头回靠时),诱发率分别为95.2％,94.5％,68.3％和24.1％;制动减速阶段诱发出离心机反旋转错觉和后倾错觉,诱发率分别为100％和35.9％.各错觉诱发率差异有统计学意义(x2=393.089,P＜0.01).前倾扭转错觉、前倾错觉和后倾错觉均为躯体重力错觉,离心机反旋转错觉为躯体旋动错觉.结论 在短臂离心机上可诱发出3种前庭本体性错觉:躯体旋动错觉、躯体重力错觉和科里奥利错觉,短臂离心机可用于以上错觉的地面模拟训练.

Objective To observe the effects and characteristics of vestibular illusions induced by short arm human centrifuge exposure,and to investigate the feasibility of applying short arm human centrifuge in vestibular illusions simulation training on the ground. Methods Sixty healthy pilots performed ground-based vestibular illusions simulation training based on the working characteristics of short arm human centrifuge,and the strategy of electric rotating chair vestibular illusions simulation training were referenced. Counter-rotatory illusion of centrifuge and Coriolis illusions were induced by SAC-Ⅲ short arm human centrifuge. Results The induced rate of counter-rotatory illusion of centrifuge,Coriolis tumbling illusion-head turning right,Coriolis tumbling illusion-head turning left,Coriolis somatogyral illusion-head forward and Coriolis somatogyral illusion-head backward were 100. 0%,93. 3%,93. 3%,70. 0% and 23. 3% respectively. The induced rate of counter-rotatory illusion of centrifuge was higher than Coriolis tumbling illusion(χ2= 4. 186,P < 0. 05) and Coriolis somatogyral illusion(χ2= 49. 655,P < 0. 01). And the induced rate of Coriolis tumbling illusion was higher than Coriolis somatogyral illusion(χ2= 62. 222,P < 0. 01). The counter-rotatory illusion of centrifuge appeared in the latter half of the brake deceleration. The performances of Coriolis tumbling illusion was similar to the rotating chair vestibular illusions simulation training,but the performances of Coriolis somatogyral illusion were multiform. Conclusions The obvious counter-rotatory illusion of centrifuge and Coriolis illusions can be induced by short arm human centrifuge,and it may be used in vestibular illusions simulation training of pilots on the ground.