Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a destructive pest of tomato crops. The cryptic nature of larvae often leads to low control efficacy. Sterile insect technique (SIT) has the potential to be an alternative management option for T. absoluta. In this study, the optimal dose for T. absoluta sterility was determined by estimating the effect of gamma radiation on parental generation (F0) and their descendants (first and second generation, F1 and F2). Adult emergence was not affected when T. absoluta pupae were exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 100 similar to 400 Gy. However, increasing doses of radiation increased deformed individuals and shortened their longevity. Furthermore, as the dose increased, F0 females showed decreased fecundity and fertility, and they were completely sterile when exposed to 300 Gy. The survival and sex ratio of females declined significantly in F1 of irradiated males with increasing doses. Moreover, we found that 300 Gy of gamma radiation did not affect the mating competitiveness of F0 males. Interestingly, this treatment caused a considerable reduction in the number of descendants and caused inherited sterility in F1 by lowering their fecundity and fertility. Therefore, the optimal radiation dose was 300 Gy, and the release of sterile adults may suppress T. absoluta population growth in the field. Our findings provide basis for controlling T. absoluta through SIT programs.

为了获得标准化的红薯干辐照灭菌工艺,本试验以γ射线与电子束为不同辐射源,就不同辐照剂量和剂量率对红薯干主要成分、外观品质和贮藏特性的影响开展研究.结果表明,经γ射线≥4 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养10 d或常温贮存90 d两种方式处理的红薯干;经γ射线≥6 kGy剂量辐照,36℃恒温培养30 d或常温贮存360 d两种方式处理的红薯干,均未检测出微生物.γ射线辐照处理后,红薯干的可溶性固形物、类胡萝卜素含量和感官指标均未发生显著变化.相同剂量下,剂量率越高对红薯干的外观影响越大.电子束剂量率高,辐照处理后的红薯干外观呈黄白色,发生了显著变化.红薯干货架期90 d的辐照灭菌最低有效剂量为4 kGy.本研究结果为红薯干辐照加工工艺的制定提供了依据.

本文利用137 Cs-γ射线开展不同剂量率和剂量对水稻诱变效应影响的试验,设 10、60、250 Gy·h-1不同剂量率和 0、150、250、350、400、450 Gy不同辐射剂量,对 2 个水稻品种的种子进行处理.结果表明,较高剂量下水稻苗高和根系生长受到限制,辐射效应明显;在较高剂量辐射处理后低剂量率的辐射效应与高剂量率间差异显著,低剂量率处理水稻成株后株高下降幅度大,高剂量率处理结实率大幅度下降.本研究对提高水稻辐射诱变率具有指导意义.

用137Cs-γ辐射剂量0～750 Gy对5个品种大麦种子进行了辐照处理,结果表明,随着辐照剂量增加,不同类型的大麦品种发芽情况出现显著差异,总体呈现随着辐照剂量增加,发芽率下降的趋势.皮大麦品种浙皮9号、浙皮12号、花30的辐照半致死剂量在350 Gy左右,裸大麦品种米麦105、米麦146的辐照半致死剂量在250～350 Gy.辐照剂量对大麦幼苗生长有显著影响,不同品种类型之间差异显著,且裸大麦比普通大麦品种敏感.

用137Cs-γ辐照剂量0～700Gy对籼型、粳型水稻种子进行辐照处理,以研究其对水稻幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,137Cs-γ射线对水稻种子具有较强的辐照效应.随着辐照剂量增加,对种子细胞损伤愈大,300Gy以上辐照剂量处理显著影响水稻幼苗的生长,在苗期表现为严重抑制苗高、根长,辐射诱变效应较大,可用于新种质的创制.

用137Cs-γ辐射剂量0～700 Gy对4个籼型、6个粳(糯)型水稻种子进行了辐照处理.结果显示,随着辐照剂量增加,不同类型的不同品种发芽情况出现差异,籼型品种金早47、中早39、浙香银针的半致死剂量为600 Gy左右;粳型品种秀水134、秀水519、浙沣糯188、浙糯106、浙粳96、宁81的致死剂量为700 Gy左右.辐照剂量对水稻种子发芽率有显著影响,且粳型品种比籼型品种敏感.

本文作者用60Co-γ辐射剂量0～10 000 Gy对甘蓝型、芥菜型、白菜型油菜种子进行了辐照.结果 显示,随着辐照剂量增加至1 000 Gy对发芽率均没有显著影响,辐照剂量增加至1 000～10 000 Gy不同品种发芽率出现差异,浙双72下降很快,各品种发芽率随辐照剂量增加而下降的程度因品种不同而有所差异.浙双72的半致死辐照剂量约为2 500 Gy,致死剂量为10 000 Gy,而浙油50的半致死辐照剂量为10 000 Gy.辐照敏感性依次为浙双72＞浙油50＞淳安老油菜＞白34龙游＞浙油505.

As the first stage of innovative technology application and actualization, adoption is very important. Based on the "TOE" framework, which is employed in the technology adoption widely, ten factors influencing innovative technology adoption are advanced according to the Chinese agricultural enterprises' actuality in the study. The ten factors are perceptive benefit, costs, compatibility, centralization, normalization, enterpriser, competition, government and other adopter from three dimensions, innovative technology characteristics, organizational characteristics and environmental characteristics. In conclusion, the research can not only enrich agricultural technology adoption theories, but also be valuable to technology innovation activities in agricultural enterprises.

水产品经过辐照以后,不仅可以增加仓储时间,还可以灭掉致病菌。合适的辐照剂量不会改变水产品的营养成分,也不会改变水产品的外观和风味。