报废火药水解产物是农业生产中的一种新型肥料,来源于报废火药的回收再利用.为了研究报废火药水解产物对花后高温胁迫下小麦的影响,在温室进行盆栽试验,采用分光光度计法测定了与小麦生长代谢和抗逆相关的生理指标.结果 表明,不同成分报废火药水解产物均有利于小麦生长和耐高温.其中,T8处理的效果最好;T1处理中因为含有氮元素,比对照显著增加了硝酸还原酶活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性、叶绿素含量及根系活力;T2中含有微量二苯胺,提高了抗氧化物酶活性、并降低了丙二醛含量.综上所述,报废火药水解产物有利于小麦的生长和提高小麦的耐高温性,可以作为一种优质环保的新型肥料用于农业生产.

A lot of powders are scrapped every year in China.Used as fertilizer may be an important way for their safe utilization.Through seed germination experiment and pot test,the effects of scrapped propellant decomposition products(SPDP) were studied on seed germination and key physiological and biochemical indicators of flag leaves at filling stage of wheat.Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of spraying foliar fertilizer containing SPDP on the winter wheat economic benefit,yield and its components,and nutritional quality.The results showed that SPDP could promote wheat seed germination and seedling growth,and increase the ratio of root to shoot in the concentration range of 0.01％ ～ 0.1％.Foliar application at the concentration of 0.1％ could significantly improve the chlorophyll content,SOD and root activity,but decreased the content of MDA in the winter wheat flag leaves.The foliar fertilizer containing SPDP could increase the panicle number per hectare and grain number per panicle,so the yield and economic benefit of winter wheat could significantly increase by 19.4％ and 2395.3 yuan per hectare compared to the control.It could also increase the content of crude protein and starch by 11.11％ and 10.74％ compared to the control.

The chemical stability of di-stabilizers single-based propellant with diphenylamine(DPA) and centralite Ⅱ used as stabilizer heated at 75 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃ and 95 ℃ and the reaction mechanism of the two stabilizers were studied by a multi-temperature artificial accelerated ageing test and gas-chromatography (GC), respectively. Results show that the safe storage life at 30 ℃ obtained by Berthelot′s equation is 42 years. In the initial stage of storage, the chemical stability of di-stabilizers single-based propellant DPA plays a major role in stabilizing the propellant. After DPA is consumed, centralite Ⅱ starts to play. The chemical stability of di-stabilizers single-based propellant is better than that of other normal single-based and double-based propellants.

A novel molybdenum-containing polycarbosilane, polymolybdenocarbosilane (PMoCS), for SiC(Mo) fiber has been synthesized from polysilacarbosilane (PSCS) and MoCl5 as raw materials. The synthesis conditions is investigated. Characterization performed on the as-synthesized PMoCS includes Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT IR), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 1H NMR, and 29Si NMR, respectively. The polymer-to-ceramic conversion is studied with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Preliminary research on the melt spinnability of PMoCS is carried out. The results show that the synthesis reaction is temperature-dependent. Mo exists mainly as SiMo bonds. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve HCl elimination between SiH and MoCl, and followed by the Kumada rearrangement. The ceramic yield of PMoCS, prepared with 10 wt % MoCl5, is approximately 78.5% at 1200 degrees C in a N2 flow. The XRD results suggest that ceramics pyrolyzed in the range of 8001000 degrees C are all amorphous, while -SiC and -MoSi2 crystals are observed at 1200 and 1400 degrees C, respectively. The conversion from -MoSi2 to -MoSi2 is almost completed at 1600 degrees C. PMoCS is melt spinnable into flexible and uniform green fibers with the diametersabout 13.4 m to 12.2 m. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Si-Zr-C-O fibers were obtained from polyzirconocarbosilane (PZCS), which was synthesized by the reaction of polysilacarbosilane (PSCS) and Zr(AcAc)(4). The high-temperature resistance and oxidation resistance performance of Si-Zr-C-O fibers were examined by measurements of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and element analysis. The surface of Si-Zr-C-O fibers is smooth, and do not exhibit obvious disfigurements. The average diameter of the fibers is 11 mu m, the average tensile strength is 2.5 GPa. Si-Zr-C-O fibers have good high-temperature-resistant performance. Processing at 1450 and 1600 C, the tensile strength retention rate is 72% and 36% respectively. The chemical formula of Si-Zr-C-O fibers is SiC(0.99)HxO(0.1)Zr(y) after processing at 1800 degrees C, the oxygen content of the fibers decreases obviously. Si-Zr-C-O fibers also have good oxidation-resistance properties. After processing for 20 h at 1000 degrees C in the air, the tensile strength retention rate is 71.2%, after processing for 100 h, the tensile strength retention rate is 50%.

In order to improve the properties of SiC ceramic fiber,polyniobiumcarbosilane(PNCS) used for SiC(Nb) ceramic fiber precursor was synthesized by the reaction of niobium pentachloride(NbCl5) with liquid polysilane(LPS),which was prepared by the thermolysis and condensation of polydimethylsilane.As the reaction between LPS with NbCl5 proceeds,the number of Si—H bonds in LPS decreases.The increase of the molecular mass of PNCS is related to the cross-linking reaction of the active Si—H bonds with NbCl5.Not only can Nb be introduced into the precursor and distributed uniformly but also because of the low price of the materials,the precursor can be synthesized in large amounts.The average tensile strength of the Si-Nb-C-O ceramic fiber obtained using PNCS is 1.8 GPa,and its average diameter is 12 μm.The Si-Nb-C-O ceramic fiber has good high-temperature-resistant performance.

In order to prepare high-performance Si-Zr-C-O fibers,polyzirconocarbosilane(PZCS)was synthesized by the reaction of zirconium acetylacetonate(Zr(AcAc)_4)(AcAc:aletylacetanate)with polysilacarbosilane(PSCS)at normal pressure.Si-Zr-C-O fibers were obtained by melting spinning of PZCS,air curing and pyrolysis at 1200℃.The composition and structure of Si-Zr-C-O fibers was examined by X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,scanning electron microscope,auger electron spectroscopy and ele- ment analysis.The results show that the empirical formula of Si-Zr-C-O fibers is SiC_(1.24)H_xO_(0.56)Zr_(0.0129),and the tensile strength and diameter of the fibers are 2.5 GPa and 11μm,respectively.The results of SEM indicate that the surface of Si-Zr-C-O fibers is smooth, and there are no obvious disfigurements.The Si-Zr-C-O fibers are non-crystal fibers,which contain much free C and O with the form of multiplicity phase SiC_xO_y.The multiplicity phase of Zr bonding O exists in it.