针对深水地层隔离阀无法有效远程开启地层隔离阀的问题,分析远程开启失效因素,并开发一套地层隔离远程开启工艺技术,保障井筒安全,提高完井作业效率.首先分析不同地层隔离阀的工艺深水地层隔离阀,其次,从井筒碎屑堆积、清洁油损失、地层隔离阀产品质量及井下工况影响分析远程开启失效原因,然后,根据现应用情况,碎屑在井筒内堆积是影响深水地层隔离阀远程开启失效的主要因素,最后,探索出一套防碎屑堆积的地层隔离阀完井管柱,可满足不动管柱洗井需要,使井筒内循环压力波通过专用管线穿越碎屑深积井筒段,实现有效实现远程开启的效果,满足深海油气井作业要求.

针对渤海油田分注井验封时不能定量判断密封筒受损情况的问题,研制出定量化验封工具及配套验封管柱工艺技术.在渤海油田某油井进行现场应用,结果表明此定量验封工艺技术能对分注井进行定量验封,并且设计的验封工具满足海上油田安全作业相关技术需要,说明定量验封技术能有效指导分注井密封筒配套密封工具优选,具有一定的推广应用价值.

随着油田开发对采油注水安全级别的提高,海上油田作业对井控提出了更高要求,需要在注水和采油通道增加安全阀来提高作业的安全性.针对海上油田多管分注井工况,设计了一种环空压力防护装置,通过地面试验,验证了此装置的开关及密封等相关性能和功能试验,表明设计的环空压力防护装置既满足了现场作业需求,又实现了井控目的,有利于海上油田的稳产.

针对海上油田井下密封筒与插入密封配合后的密封性能无法准确检测的问题,设计了一种密封筒检测工具,实现检测隔离密封分层成功与否功能.该验封工具通过内置的压力计与流量计,检测能检测插入密封与隔离封隔器配合形成隔离密封总成后上下两层的压力值与漏失量,进而判断分层效果.按照油田安全生产的要求,对检测工具有限元分析,进行检测工具的耐拉抗压的性能试验及漏失量测试功能试验,结果表明设计的检测封工具能符合油田分层注水或采油管柱工艺的密封筒密封性能检测要求,有利于油井的分层注水或开采,增加油田效益.

目前,海上油田开发已经进入到中高含水阶段,由于非均质性强、地下原油粘度大等原因,渤海地区的部分油田含水上升速度快,产油下降,影响了开发效果.因此对于稳油控水的需求越来越大.近年来,渤海油田采取了一系列稳油控水措施,调剖调驱技术是常用的稳油控水方法,目前应用广泛.但常规调剖调驱设备具有占地空间大,及在线调驱设备不能配置干粉聚合物的问题.针对以上情况,开展速溶干粉聚合物连续混配工艺的研究工作,设计在线混配工艺、开发新型自控系统、研制海上撬式混配设备,实现速溶干粉聚合物连续混配调剖调驱技术.研究内容表明,新技术具有高设备集成性、体系适应性、精确控制性,为多元注入体系在海上油田的推广与应用提供了技术支持.

The technique,equipment and criterion of well control in natural gas drilling have been developed to relative perfect level in 1990 years,the most outward harvest is that the accident of catastrophic blowout had never taken place in Sichuan basin(the production base of natural gas)in almost twenty years.However,along with the exploratory development of high pressure and high production natural gas reservoir,the application and dissemination of horizontal well and underbalance drilling,the current well control technique cannot meet completely the requirement of the new condition,and confronts with many challenges.Therefore,the directions of the innovations and developments of well control technique in natural gas drilling are given:first,the theory of well control should been improved,the advanced and practicable software of wellbore pressure profile computation should been developed;second,the matching level of well control equipments should been enhanced further,the their reliability should been raised;third,in order to discover overflow just in time,the apparatus such that fluid level in wellbore is measured automatically should been developed;last,closed,pressurizable circulation system should been established to achieve at managed pressure drilling.The ultimate aim of well control technique is developed from preventing blowout to formation damage control,protecting resource and environment,improving drill speed and decreasing cost cutting of drilling.

第二次世界大战后期,纳粹在战场上节节败退,与此同时德国的秘密武器也正在加紧进行研制。随着战争的进行,有些秘密武器开始投入使用,如制导武器和喷气式飞机等。这些秘密武器都是前所未有的,在技术上处于领先地位,也曾给盟军造成损失,但由于仓促上阵,数量有限,并没有影响世界反法西斯的进程,更不可能挽救纳粹必然失败的命运。德国在二战期间研制的秘密武器涉及方方面面,这里介绍的是有"灵巧之爪"之称的反舰和防空制导武器。