Stomatology medical equipment is an indispensable tool in stomatology diagnosis and treatment work,and achieving efficient management of stomatology medical equipment can help improve the quality and efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment work.Due to the wide variety of stomatology medical equipment and complex maintenance and repair types,equipment management is difficult.How to achieve unified and efficient management of equipment is a challenge for equipment management personnel.Based on the current situation of stomatology medical equipment management and the work needs of management personnel,this paper designs and develops a stomatology medical equipment management system using LabVIEW software and Microsoft Office Access database.The stomatology medical equipment management system has achieved safe,efficient and refined management of stomatology medical equipment.Through the system operation,the information management and statistical efficiency of stomatology medical equipment have been improved,which helps to improve equipment usage efficiency and provides reliable solutions for stomatology equipment management.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different ventilation schemes on the concentration of aerosol pollutants in independent space during dental diagnosis and treatment.Methods:Independent dental treatment room equipped with ventilation systems and air disinfectors was selected. A total of nine working conditions including three different dental treatments (supragingival scaling, root canal preparation and tooth preparation) were carried out respectively in three different ventilation schemes (natural ventilation, dedicated outdoor air system and dedicated outdoor air system combined with air disinfector) . The aerobic bacterial counts were measured at different heights and time points. Spatiotemporal distributions of aerosol pollutants in different ventilation schemes were analyzed quantitatively. The differences and equilibrium states of aerobic bacterial counts were examined using Spearman′s rank correlation analysis, generalized linear mixed models, analysis of variance (ANOVA) , Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and multiple comparisons following rank order transformation.Results:The results of the ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant variations in the aerobic bacterial counts at each site (F = 1.45, P = 0.182) , indicating that the aerobic bacterial counts were spread uniformly across sites. Compared to natural ventilation, the aerobic bacterial counts (Nworking condition1 = 25.8 CFU/cm2; Nworking condition2 = 10.4 CFU/cm2; Nworking condition7 = 35.7 CFU/cm2; Nworking condition8 = 6.5 CFU/cm2) under dedicated outdoor air system during supragingival scaling and tooth preparation decreased over time (tsupragingival scaling = 2.27, Psupragingival scaling = 0.024; ttooth preparation = 2.30, Ptooth preparation = 0.022) . There is no significant difference between aerobic bacterial counts of the treatment after 30 minutes to 60 minutes and that after 60 minutes to 120 minutes, indicating the dynamic equilibrium of bacterial accounts was reached at 30 minutes after the spraying treatment, which met the class Ⅳ environmental requirements in the Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospitals GB 15982-2012.Conclusions:It can effectively reduce aerosol pollutants in a specific space in a certain period of time under the dedicated outdoor air system. The risk of the next patient can be greatly reduced when entering the dental treatment room at 30 minutes after the previous treatment.

Objective To explore the feasibility of applying the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) of Chinese version among Chinese teenagers, through the verification and evaluation of the Chinese version. Methods According to the standard procedures of the international quality of life assessment program, the MIQ was translated, back translated, adapted and updated culturally, and the Chinese version was established. The 161 teenagers with the first orthodontic treatment were included. This patient group was assessed for oral health-related quality of life by the Chinese version of the MIQ and Children's Perception Questionnaire (11-14 years old). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MIQ were evaluated statistically by Spearman and factor analysis. Results A total of 161 valid questionnaires were collected. The internal consistency Cronbach's α of the Chinese scale was 0.887. The correlation coefficient between items and the scale ranged from 0.000 1 to 0.824. A significant positive correlation of the scores was noted between the translated scale and the Children's Perception Questionnaire (11-14 years old), and the correlation coefficient was 0.444 (P<0.001). Conclusion The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the MIQ are reliable and can be applied for clinical orthodontic treatment.

目的:使用Simodont虚拟仿真口腔培训系统对不同年级口腔学生手部灵巧度进行训练并对结果进行定量评估，探讨该系统的应用价值。方法:汕头大学医学院口腔医学系2015至2018级共118名学生进行统一培训后，每位学生给予5个不同的手部灵巧度练习模块进行练习，每个模块有3个难度进阶，每个模块要求30 min内完成。系统自动记录每个学生的操作成绩，包括规定磨除量、底壁和侧壁磨除偏移量及误磨量，均以体积百分比为单位；同时评估操作时间（以秒为单位）、操作过程中口腔用手机位移和口镜位移（以米为单位）。应用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析。结果:对于规定磨除量、底壁和侧壁磨除偏移量及误磨量，系统评估结果显示：已经经过专业课学习和仿真头模等临床前培训的学生（四年级学生）和未进入专业课学习、未经过培训的学生（一到三年级学生）之间差异具有统计学意义（ P<0.001）。对于规定磨除量的完成情况，5个练习模块均能体现年级间差异性并具有统计学意义（ P<0.001）。 结论:Simodont虚拟仿真口腔培训系统中圈形模块、隧道模块、甜甜圈模块和十字交叉模块具有对不同层次口腔医学学生手部灵巧度能力评估的敏感性，立体边缘模块对手部灵巧度能力评估的敏感性则需要通过进一步的评估。Simodont虚拟仿真口腔培训系统对手部灵巧度训练结果（如规定磨除量、底壁和侧壁偏移情况等）可进行定量评估，对口腔临床前教育的评价具有重要意义。

Objective To assess postoperative pain after endodontic therapy and its association with clinical factors such as gender, age, tooth type, pulpal diagnosis, and preoperative pain, length of obturation and sealer extrusion. Methods The patients, who came to the Clinic of Stomatology, SUMC and received the root canal therapy for molars and premolars from July, 2018 to April, 2019, were randomly selected by simple random sampling (the order of subjects′ recruitment) . There were 140 cases, including 63 males and 77 females. Local Anesthesia (2% Lidocain with 1∶80 000 Epinephrine) was administered. Access cavity was prepared with the help of bur. Canal preparation was completed using standard technique. Access was sealed with sterile dry cotton pellet and restored temporarily with double layer of glass ionomer cement. After one week patients were recalled and access was re-opened, obturation was done using continuous-wave of gutta-percha vertical condensation technique. AH-plus sealer was used. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and postobturation pain was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) . Data was recorded and χ2 test and Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 140 cases were included and 84 patients (60%) developed postoperative discomfort. 61 patients (43.6%) reported mild. 9 (6.4%) and 14 (10%) presented moderate and severe pain, respectively. No patients had extremely severe pain. The χ2 test showed that postoperative pain was independent of gender and tooth type but correlated with the diagnosis of preoperative pulp infection (χ2 = 76.11, P<0.001) and obturation (χ2 = 16.3, P<0.001) , as well as the presence of sealer extrusion apical orifice. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that no symptoms before operation and postoperative pain was correspondingly reduced (OR = 0.179, P = 0.048) . If the paste was not exceeded, the incidence of postoperative pain was reduced (OR = 0.039, P = 0.005) . Chronic pulpitis had less postoperative pain than periapical inflammation (OR = 0.034, P<0.001) , while pulp necrosis had more postoperative pain than periapical inflammation (OR = 4.080, P = 0.038) . Compared with overfilling, both adequate filling (OR<0.001, P<0.001) and underfilling<2 mm from the root tip (OR<0.001, P<0.001) reduced postoperative pain. Conclusions A significant association of obturation with postoperative pain was observed in this study. Therefore, clinician should avoid the sealer extrusion when doing the obturation. For the patients with pulp neurosis and periapical lesions, communication after root canal treatment should be pay more attention to. Key words: Root canal therapy; Pain, postoperative; Visual analog scales; Clinical trials

For displaying the three-dimensional ( 3D ) digital model of teeth , we constructed a digital learning platform of "oral anatomy and physiology-tooth morphology" based on the WeChat small program of smart phones integrating teaching resources like texts , pictures , videos , three-dimensional animation and others. The textual content of tooth morphology was edited according to the Chinese textbook Oral Anatomy and Physiology (seventh edition) of the People's Health Publishing House and Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion. After photographing and cone beam CT scanning the tooth in vitro, JPEG file of tooth contour and DICOM file of tooth cross section were obtained. Continuous tomographic dynamic pictures of the tooth and 3D videos was presented by adopting software of Photoshop CS6, CS 3D imaging (affiliated simple software of cone beam CT), Snagit, Video Editor and Aijianji. Following steps of WeChat official website to register, develop, compose code, upgrade pictures and texts, submit to be verified and release, small program "Dental Anatomy Learning Platform" was completed and put into use. According to the survey, 90.3％(93) users believed the small program is helpful to learn Oral Anatomy and Physiology, especially in deepening the understanding of the tooth morphology and structure;96.1％( 99 ) users considered that the small program can be added to the classroom as a supplement, but it can't replace the textbook totally . The development of "Dental Anatomy Learning Platform" will provide methodological guidance for the development and integration of various dental teaching resources on the internet.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of fluoride varnish Duraphat on the performance of incipient carious lesions white spot lesions (WSL) in anterior teeth in vivo. Methods The sample included 120 children aged 7 to 13 years old , with a total of 146 active WSL in permanent anterior teeth. The children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the treatment received:Group A (fluoride varnish Duraphat+oral health instrument, n=52), Group B (oral health instrument, n=47) and Group C (control, n=47). Maximum WSL dimensions (mesiodistal and incisogingival) were measured in millimeters by a previously calibrated single examiner using a periodontal probe . The oral hygiene was assessed by the plaque index . Results Wilcoxon test revealed a statistically significant difference (χ2=29.1,P<0.001) between the initial size and final size in A group (1.53 vs. 0.88) and B group (1.56 vs. 1.47). Pearson′s chi-square test revealed statistically significant differences (χ2=42.5, P<0.001) in the caries activity of the WSL among three groups. Conclusions The fluoride varnish Duraphat is effective to the incipient carious lesions in permanent anterior teeth .

目的:探讨牙冠延长术中不同的牙根暴露量对患牙及其烤瓷修复体的影响.方法:按就诊顺序、牙根暴露量将68例共75颗前牙分成3 mm组(21例25颗牙)、4 mm组(24例25颗牙)和5 mm组(23例25颗牙),分别行牙冠延长术,于术后2个月行烤瓷修复体制作,观察3组术后6周、6个月、12个月患牙的牙齿松动度、探诊深度、龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI)的差异及术后12个月烤瓷修复体边缘的隐蔽性.结果:术后6周、6个月3组患牙牙齿松动情况的比较差异无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05),术后12个月5 mm组的患牙牙齿松动发生率与其余2组比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05);术后6周、6个月及12个月3 mm组的探诊深度和SBI均高于4 mm组和5 mm组(均为P＜O.05),而4 mm组与5 mm组比较差异无统计学意义.术后12个月4 mm组和5 mm组烤瓷修复体边缘的隐蔽性均优于3 mm组(均为P＜0.05).结论:牙冠延长术中保留4 mm的牙根暴露量烤瓷修复疗效较好.