This article reviews the emergence and development of translational medicine, ana-lyzes the current domestic background of translational medicine, explains the definition and transla-tional medicine mode, and puts forward the key points and measures of strengthening the translational medicine practice. The laboratory medicine is one of the most active field of translational medicine, the hospital collaboration with scientific research colleges and universities to carry out the strategy of translational medicine have been discussed.

Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells（CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus（HBV）. Methods Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD3 + CD8 + , CD3 + CD4 + , and CD3 + CD56 + T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture. Results Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group（280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3 + , CD8 + T, CD3 + CD8 + , and CD3 + CD56 + T cells increased over time, while those of CD4 + and CD3 + CD4 + T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8 + T cells and CD3 + CD4 + T cells between the two groups were significant（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the negative group.

Objective To investigate the carbapenem-resistant mechanism of one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae( KPN) and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa( PAE) .Methods The identity of the isolates was confirmed by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rDNA and special gene amplification .The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by VITEK 2 Compact System .CarbaNP Antimicrobial susceptibility testing , plasmid extraction, electroporation experiment , PCR amplification, and cloning and sequencing were carried out to analyze the en-coding gene of β-lactamases.Results The types of β-lactamases of the KPN were blaKPC-2 and blaSHV, confirmed by se-quencing of the PCR products , and that of the PAE were blaKPC-2 .Only blaKPC-2 was displayed in both transformants .All of the results of CarbaNP were type A .Conclusion Both strains of KPN and PAE resisting to carbapenem produce a plasmid-mediated carbapenemase blaKPC-2 , which belongs to Bush group 2f, class A β-lactamase.The extended-spectrum β-lacta-mases gene encoding blaSHV of the KPN might be located in the chromosome or not in the plasmid carrying with blaKPC-2 .

[目的]探讨恶性肿瘤患者细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)体外培养过程中细胞增殖、淋巴细胞亚群表达与乙肝病毒(HBV)携带状况的关系.[方法] 80例肿瘤患者根据HBV表面抗原表达状况分为HBV阴性组和HBV阳性组.分别抽取患者外周血54ml进行CIK细胞诱导培养,在第1、5、7、10、13、15d对细胞进行检测,包括细胞计数、细胞活率和细胞表型分析.[结果]两组患者CIK细胞生长情况细胞数量比较差异无统计学意义,增殖倍数HBV阳性组高于HBV阴性组,并且在第13d和15d差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);细胞亚群分析中CD3+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、CD3+CD8+T细胞、CD3+CD56+T细胞比例均随培养时间延长而升高,CD4+T细胞、CD3+CD4+T细胞随培养时间延长而降低,HBV阳性组更显著;其中CD8+T细胞和CD3+CD4+T细胞在两组间的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CIK细胞回输后HBV阳性组DNA含量较治疗前显著降低.[结论]HBV表面抗原阳性患者CIK细胞较阴性患者扩增能力更强,回输后可以使HBVDNA含量显著降低.

目的 探讨病毒性肝炎与获得性再生障碍性贫血的关系.方法 通过制定相关的检索策略,网络检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid、中国生物医学文献、CNKI、万方数据库、重庆维普等数据库;检索时间均从建库～2014年1 2月.纳入所有有关研究病毒性肝炎和获得性再生障碍性贫血病因相关性的病例-对照研究,并利用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)文献评价量表对所纳入的文献进行评价.采用Stata12.0软件对同质性较好的研究进行Meta分析.结果 最终有8篇病例对照研究纳入Meta分析,其中2篇可能给纳入文献带来异质性,分别对纳入的8篇文献及剔除可能带来异质性的两篇文献后的6篇文献进行Meta分析,再生障碍性贫血组与对照组的人群比较Meta分析结果显示,合并效应量分别为OR =2.41 (95％CI:1.40～4.41)和OR =2.24 (95％CI:1.35～3.71).均表明有病毒性肝炎病史者发生再生障碍性贫血的危险性是无病毒性肝炎病史者的2倍.结论 病毒性肝炎与获得性再生障碍性贫血的发生呈正相关,提示病毒性肝炎可能是获得性再生障碍性贫血的一个危险因素.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distributions and antibiotic resistances of the common pathogens in our hospital ,so as to provide references for reasonable choice of antibiotics .METHODS Totally 14227 bacteria during Jan .2008 to Dec .2012 were identified by the VITEK system ,antibiotic sensitivity was tested by the BIOMIC , and the results of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed by WHONET 5 .4 software .RESULTS Among the 14 227 isolates ,gram‐negative bacteria accounted for 58 .2% (8257 isolates) ,gram‐positive ones 23 .1% (3 187 isolates) and fungi 18 .7% (2 783 isolates) .The common species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 .6% ) ,Escherichiacoli (12 .0% ) , Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 .1% ) , Acinetobacter baumannii (8 .9% ) and Staphylococcus aureus (7 .5% ) .In point of clinical distributions ,the detection rate of P .aeruginosa was high in the department of hy‐perbaric oxygen ,A .baumannii high in ICU ,and the detection rates of E .coli ,K .pneumoniae and S .aureus were high in the department of internal medicine .The bacteria mentioned above were isolated from sputum except for Escherichia coli which was from urine .The detection rates of methicillin‐resistant S .saureus (MRSA) and methi‐cillin‐resistant coagulase‐negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 70 .6% and 73 .7% ,respectively .The suscepti‐bilities of S .aureus to vancomycin and linezolid were the best ,no resistant strains were detected ,followed by ni‐trofurantoin with the resistance rate of 0 .9% .CONCLUSION Antimicrobial resistance supervision should be strengthened ,which will promote the reasonable use of antimicrobials .

月经过多是育龄女性的一种常见病症,多见于子宫肌瘤等宫腔病变者,但仍约有半数月经过多女性,无明显妇科病因,月经过多原因未明[1].近年有文献报道,在此类“病因”未明的月经过多女性中,有相当比例者止凝血功能低下,其中以血管性血友病(von Willebrand disease,vWD)尤为高发,检出率达13％[2],发病主要因血液中血管性血友病因子(von Willebrand factor,vWF)出现量或功能异常,致止凝血功能低下,各种出血事件发生.vWD女性日常出血现象轻微,或仅有月经过多、鼻出血等,但手术、分娩等特殊条件下,有诱发严重出血风险,故疾病早期诊断、及时干预尤为重要.现就vWD发病机制、患病女性临床特点、筛检及诊治策略进行综述.

Objective To explore the difference of the immune cell subsets during the process of cytokine-induced kill cells(CIK) incubation from tumor patients with and without hepatitis B virus.Methods The peripheral blood was extracted from 50 tumor patients from Oct 2012 to Jun 2013 who were divided into two groups by with or without hepatitis B virus.The proliferate velocity and activity of CIK cells were detected by count on 1,5,7,9,11,13 and 15 days of the CIK culture.The expressions of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+,CD3~+ CD8~+,CD3~+ CD4~+,CD3~+ CD56~+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry on 5,7,10,13 and 15 days of the culture.Results The proliferative multiple at 15 days in HBV positive group was higher than that of negative group(280 vs.180),although there was no significant difference between the two groups at the same culturing time points.The frequencies of CD3~+T cells,CD8~+T cells,CD3~+CD8~+T cells and CD3~+ CD56~+T cells increased by the time,whilethe CD4~+T cells and CD3~+CD4~+T cells decreased by the time,the positive group was more than the negative.Among them,the difference of CD8~+T cells and CD3~+CD4~+T cells in two groups was significant(P0.05).Conclusion The proliferate multiple capacity of CIK cells from patients with HBV positive group was better than that of negative group,and the immune cell subsets states of HBV positive group was better than that of negative group..

目的：探讨乳腺癌患者血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖蛋白抗原（CA）153、CA199、细胞角蛋白片段（CYFR）21-1联合检测在乳腺癌诊断中的意义。方法选取经病理学诊断确诊为乳腺癌的60例患者作为乳腺癌组，选取30例良性乳腺病患者作为乳腺良性疾病组，40例体检结果正常的女性作为健康组。采用Beckman Coulter 快速微粒子酶免疫分析系统（IMX）检测患者血清CEA、CA153、CA199、CYFR21-1水平，分析CEA、CA153、CA199、CYFR21-1水平与乳腺癌临床特征之间的关系。结果乳腺癌组血清CEA、CA153、CA199、CYFR21-1水平均高于乳腺良性疾病组及健康组；乳腺癌组血清CEA、CA153、CA199、CYFR21-1联合检测的阳性率均高于单独检测的阳性率；4种指标联合检测对乳腺癌诊断的特异度及准确度无明显影响，灵敏度明显提高。结论血清CEA、CA153、CA199、CYFR21-1水平联合检测有助于乳腺癌的诊断。

Objective To observe and compare characteristics and survival rate after harvest of CIK and DC-CIK cells. Methods A total of 50 patients with advanced tumor were enrolled in this study and they were divided into two groups( CIK or DC-CIK cells). Routine blood cells counts were analyzed before the culture of CIK or DC-CIK cells,and lymphocytes were counted after collection of blood samples and har-vest,the subtypes of T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and Taipan blue coloring had been used for testing survival rate. Results The difference in total number of initial lymphocytes and harvested CIK or DC-CIK cells was not significant,but the amplification of DC-CIK group was higher then that of CIK group. The percentage of CD3 +,CD8 +,CD3 +CD8 + and CD3 +CD56 + T cells in DC-CIK group was significantly higher than that of CIK group. The cell survival rate was decreasing with the time went on outside the incubator,there was significant difference between 2 h and initial survival rate. The survival rate of cells was less than 95% at the end of 4 h. There was no significant difference in survival rate between these two groups at the same time. Conclusion DC-CIK cells have higher killing activity and they can grow more rapidly than CIK cells and have higher ratio of effective cells. After harvest,the survival rate of both CIK cells and DC-CIK cells is decreased as the times going on outside the incubator. Both CIK cells or DC-CIK cells should transfuse to patients as quickly as possible.

[Purpose] To investigate the safety in cytokine-induced killer cells(CIK) treatment for cancer patients. [Methods] The clinical data of 90 cancer patients receiving CIK treatment were analyzed retrospectively. [Results] All the 90 patients' condition were improved with varying degree after CIK treatment. The main toxicities after infusion were fever(15 cases,15.5%),cough and throat ache(2 cases),increasing fatigue and muscle ache(2 cases),acute pain in tumor location(1 case),chest distress(1 case),and there was no obviously liver or renal dysfunction or abnormal ECG. There was no significant difference in liver function or renal function or blood routine examination before and after treatment,and there was no death related to CIK treatment. [Conclusion] CIK treatment is safety and effective for patients with malignancy and its toxicities may be treated expectantly.

目的:引入MCMDM-1 vWD量表以评估月经过多女性的出血倾向,分析月经过多女性出血倾向与止凝血功能状态的关系.方法:以39例无妇科器质性病变的月经过多女性为研究对象,22例月经正常女性为对照,采集月经史,以MCM-DM-1 vWD量表评估出血倾向,并完成止凝血功能等相关检查.结果:月经过多女性中,有异常出血现象的人数、出血积分(BS)＞0分的人数,均高于月经正常组.将月经过多及月经正常女性进一步分成不同出血积分亚组后发现,BS高分组(BS≥3)较BS低分组(BS≤0)经期天数更长、卫生巾用量更多,SI、MPV、Fib、vWF:Act、FVIII:C水平更低,PT更长.二分类Logistic回归分析发现,月经过多女性出血倾向增加(BS≥3)可能与PT延长有关.结论:无妇科器质性病变的月经过多女性中,有相当比例者出血事件多见,出血倾向较明显.以MCMDM-lvWD量表为工具进行出血倾向评估,可在一定程度上反映月经过多女性的止凝血功能状态,具有一定临床使用价值.

目的:系统开展细胞制备实验室沉降菌动态监测,保障实验室环境安全,为类似实验室消毒监测提供资料.方法:根据《药品生产质量管理规范(2010年修订)》的要求,对万级洁净区的空气用平皿沉降菌法检测菌落并计数,对洁净服及操作人员的手用涂布平皿法检测菌落并计数,将2012年9月至2013年10月间的检测结果进行统计分析.结果:共进行空气沉降菌检测52次,平均菌落数为:百级超净台和4℃冰箱为0.01 cfu/皿,CO2培养箱为0 cfu/皿,万级洁净区为0.04～0.12 cfu/皿;洁净服及操作人员的手检测14次,实验前检测结果均为阴性,实验后偶有菌落检出,所有检测结果全部低于标准要求.结论:生物治疗实验室的沉降菌检测结果远低于药品生产质量管理规范的要求,可以为生物治疗用细胞制备提供安全的环境.

Objective To identify the species and distribution features of marine bacteria in parts of the South China Sea.Methods Seawater samples 1 meter below the sea level were collected by using a selfmade seawater sampler.Then,marine bacteria were enriched with concentrated culture medium,and after initial isolation,single colonies were screened out and were preserved in the 40％ glycerol,and then transported to the laboratory for further identification.Results One hundred and forty-one seawater samples were collected from the region of the South China Sea.From the 141 samples were isolated 39 species (totaling 191 strains),of which 81 strains (42.4％) were Vibrionaceae,42 strains (22.0％) were Enterobacteriaceae,24 strains (12.6％) were nonfermenters,38 strains (19.9％) were fungi,5 strains (2.6％) were Pasteurella and 1 strain (0.5％) was Eikenella.Conclusions Vibrio was the dominant marine bacterium in the South China Sea,however,high isolation rates of Enterobacteriaceae and fungi could also be obtained.More importantly,9 species of saccharomycete (38 strains) were also isolated in our study,which provided important baseline data in the species and distribution features of marine bacteria in the South China Sea.

Objective To explore the impact of behavior difference and change of neurons in the hippocampus CA3 region of hyperhomocysteinemic(HHcy) rats by feeding on folate-depleted diet.Methods A total of twenty-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned to receive either folic acid deficiency diet(folate-depleted group) or ordinary diet(control group) for six weeks.Before and after the experiment,the serum concentrations of folic acid,homocysteine(Hcy) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were tested and behaviorals changes were monitored through an opening field test.After six weeks,the rats were sacrificed and neurons in the hippocampus were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to observe the changes.Also,the hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) level was tested.Results The body mass of rats in folate-depleted group was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that of control group.The folic acid levels in serum were significantly lower(P<0.001) while Hcy was higher(P<0.001) and SOD activities were increased in folate-depleted group.A significant negative correlation was found between serum folate and Hcy concentrations in the folate-depleted group(r=-0.717,P=0.000).The folate-depleted rats showed more weakly exploratory behavior than control group.The hippocampus BDNF level in the folate-depleted group was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion HHcy induced by dietary folate restriction causes the changes in neurons in the hippocampus CA3 region of rats and decreases the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus,which lead to the depression of rats.

Objective To determined the serum lipid profile, coagulation function and platelet parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and provide a basis for the prevention of diabetes related complications. Methods Two-hundred and forty-six T2DM patients (113 males and 133 females, aged 60.2±15.3 years, disease course 5-22 years) hospitalized in the Navy General Hospital of PLA from March to December, 2012, were involved in the present study. The patients were divided into complication group (n=140) and no complication group (n=106) according to whether there were diabetes related complications, and 120 healthy individuals were recruited as control group. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), platelet count (PLT), and platelet size distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) were determined and compared among the 3 groups. Results The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, MPV, PDW, P-LCR and FIB were significantly higher in complication group than those in no complication group and control group (P<0.05), and PLT, APTT and PT were significantly lower than those in no complication group and control group (P<0.05). No significant difference of HDL-C levels was found among the 3 groups. Conclusions The blood of patients with T2DM was in hyperviscous and/or hypercoagulable states, and it is prone to induce vascular complications. Monitoring serum lipid profile, coagulation function and platelet parameters should be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2013.10.015

目的 对ACL TOP 700 全自动血凝分析仪多方面性能进行验证及评价.方法 参考美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)系列文件和相关文献,结合工作实际,对ACL TOP 700 全自动血凝分析仪测定的精密度、准确度、线性可报告范围、可稀释范围、携带污染率、生物参考区间及仪器间的相关性等分析性能进行验证和评价.并将实验结果与卫生部临检中心的要求进行比较.结果 ACL TOP 700 全自动血凝分析仪检测的凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)及国际标准化比值(INR)的精密度、准确度良好,PT活动度和FIB定量检测线性范围良好,携带污染率低,确定了FIB检测的最大稀释倍数为2倍,与ACL TOP比对的相关性好,参考范围验证合格.结论 ACL TOP 700分析仪性能良好,可以较好满足临床血凝常规检测的要求.

Objective To evaluate the performance of Sysmex XE-2100 Hematology Analyzer.Methods The evaluation was performed by using guideline established by the International Committee for Standardization Hematology(ICSH).Precision,linearity,carryover and the contrast were analyzed.Results The background counts were lower than the design.Precision,linearity,carryover of the WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,PLT were good,the carryover was low,the results were different for Leukocyte Differential Count.Conclusion The performance of Sysmex XE-2100hematology analyzer is adequate for clinical demand,so it can be used for the blood samples analysis,and the microscopic reexamination is necessary.

<正>心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Mb)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)是监测心肌损伤的重要标志物。为改进实验室的质控质量,本研究通过调整质控品的保存方式,观察对质控品测定结果的影响。1材料和方法1.1仪器与试剂ACCESS2微粒子化学发光仪及配套cTnI试剂(批号A78803)、Mb试剂(批号973243)、CK-MB试剂(批号386371)和耗材购自美国Beckman Coulter公司;cTnI、Mb、CK-MB质控品,包括低值(批号29781)、中值(批号29782)、高值(批号29783),购自美国Bio Rad公司。1.2质控品的保存及使用cTnI、Mb和CK-MB靶值(x珋)由质控品说明书给出的数值结合本实验室长期在控数据设置。质控品2种常用处理方法:(1)溶解质控品,置于4℃

Objective To explore the difference of hematocrit and hemoglobin results between blood cell analyzer and blood gas analyzer.Methods 32samples were acquired from patients in the hospital.The EDTA-K2anticoagulant artery blood samples were detected by XT-1800iblood cell analyzer.The samples with lithium heparin anticoagulation were detected by OMIN-C blood gas analyzer.Results The blood cell analyzer showed better precision and all results were in the permissible error range of CLIA'88.The two indexes detected by blood cell analyzer were lower than those detected by OMIN-C blood gas analyzer,and showed significant difference(P<0.01).Conclusion The measurements of hematocrit with blood gas analyzer are significantly different from conventional method.It is very necessary to establish the reference intervals of hematocrit and hemoglobin for the blood gas analyzer.