评价广西贺州市K326植烟区土壤肥力状况,为高产优质烟叶生产提供参考.以贺州市K326烟区为评价单元,以约6.67 hm2为一个采样单元对贺州市主产烟区采集187个土壤样品(富川县140个、钟山县44个、昭平县3个),测定土壤化学肥力指标,对土壤养分丰缺进行评价和适宜性分析.结果表明,贺州市K326烟区土壤养分肥力整体较好,有机质、氮营养供应充足,磷营养处于丰富水平,钾营养处于中等水平,部分区域钾营养供应不足,pH总体处于中等至偏碱水平.植烟土壤钙营养供应过多,部分区域土壤镁供应不足,而硫营养供应较合适.钾钙镁供应平衡性差,钾镁比和钙镁比大于适宜范围的样本占比大,容易导致缼镁.植烟土壤的有效铜、锌、铁、锰4种营养元素供应充足,硼、钼营养元素普遍缺乏.通过土壤养分丰缺评价和适宜性分析,为贺州市K326烟区高产优质烟叶生产的施肥管理提供参考.

为了明确靖西市植烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量及其比值的特征,阐明其与土壤酸碱的相关性,以靖西市主要植烟区土壤为研究对象,2022年6月采集植烟区具有代表性的土壤,测定土壤交换性钙、镁含量及计算其钙镁比值,并分析其与土壤酸碱的相关性.结果表明,靖西市主要植烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量丰富,平均值分别为5 114.59、268.57 mg/kg,土壤交换性钙镁比值大于10,占71.01%.钙镁比值表现为强变异,且交换性钙的变异性大于交换性镁.植烟区土壤pH普遍偏高,pH与土壤交换性钙含量呈极显著正相关,与交换镁含量呈显著负相关,pH对交换性钙含量的影响大于交换性镁,植烟土壤为微碱性时,交换性钙含量处于高及以上水平的占比达100%.综上所述,靖西市主要植烟区土壤交换性钙、镁含量总体处于偏高水平,钙镁比变异强度大,易出现钙、镁平衡失调.因此,今后在生产中需注意酸碱性钙镁肥料的使用以调节土壤酸碱性,并适时培肥土壤,调节土壤钙、镁平衡,提高烤烟产量及品质.

为探明接种丛枝菌根真菌对烤烟湿润育苗烟苗生长及其产质量的影响,并与常规漂浮育苗进行比较,以烟草"K326"品种为试验材料,采用湿润育苗和大田试验方法,设置育苗基质配制10％缓释肥并接种低、中、高水平丛枝菌根真菌(CQ1、CQ2、CQ3)处理和漂浮育苗对照,同时培育成苗后移栽大田试验,分析各处理对烟苗素质、烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响.结果表明:与漂浮育苗对照相比,接种中、高、低水平丛枝菌根真菌均能促进烟苗生长,提高烟苗根长、根数量、根系体积和烟苗生物量.接种丛枝菌根真菌处理的烟叶产量均显著高于对照处理,其中CQ3处理烤烟产量提高16.27％;CQ2处理烟叶产值和上等烟叶产量最高,且与对照相比差异显著,其中产值增加11.42％;CQ2处理的烟叶上等烟比例也比对照处理高,达到85.71％.综上所述,接种丛枝菌根真菌处理可提高烤烟湿润育苗的烟苗素质,并能显著提高烤烟烟叶的产量、产值和品质,可替代常规漂浮育苗.

为研究叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒对水稻籽粒硒含量及形态的影响,以水稻品种百香139为材料,通过大田试验,在水稻破口期叶面喷施不同用量的氨基酸螯合硒,并在水稻拔节孕穗期、始穗期、扬花授粉期、灌浆期、蜡熟期5个不同生育期叶面喷施13.5 g/hm2(以硒计)的氨基酸螯合硒,在水稻成熟期测定、分析各处理组水稻地上部不同组织器官硒含量和籽粒硒形态.结果表明,喷施外源氨基酸螯合硒可提高水稻各器官硒含量,在适量范围内水稻植株各器官硒含量随着喷硒浓度的增加而提高;水稻籽粒中硒主要以硒代蛋氨酸存在,水稻籽粒中硒代蛋氨酸含量与总硒含量的变化规律相一致.喷施氨基酸螯合硒用量为6.75、13.5、27.0 g/hm2时水稻籽粒中硒含量分别为0.168、0.431、0.439 mg/kg,均达到《富硒农产品硒含量分类要求》(DB45/T 1061-2014)的要求.拔节孕穗期至灌浆期喷硒处理水稻籽粒硒含量呈现增高趋势,灌浆期喷硒处理的水稻籽粒总硒含量最高,达到0.320 mg/kg;水稻籽粒中硒代蛋氨酸含量占总硒含量的比例为43％～91％,硒代蛋氨酸含量占总硒含量的比例由大到小依次为:拔节孕穗期>始穗期>扬花授粉期=灌浆期>蜡熟期,硒代蛋氨酸比例随着施硒时期越靠近水稻成熟期越低,表明水稻叶片中硒的转化时间对稻米中硒形态有显著影响,提早喷施硒有利于有机态硒的形成,提高稻米中有机态硒的比例.在硒的生物强化生产富硒水稻中,水稻破口期叶面喷施氨基酸螯合硒的最佳用量为13.5 g/hm2,在5个不同生育期喷施13.5 g/hm2的氨基酸螯合硒均能生产出富硒大米,且最佳喷施外源硒的时期为灌浆期.

The invention discloses a method for controlling stony desertification and restoring an ecosystem of a stony desertification region. A technology for conserving water and soil in the stony desertification region, a surface vegetation restoring method and a technology for establishing artificial succession of rock vegetations are involved in the method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, controlling the stony desertification and conserving water and soil to prevent water and soil loss and increase soil moisture; secondly, restoring surface vegetations and restoring the ecosystem by the technology for establishing the artificial succession of the rock vegetations; and finally, forming an ecosystem of artificial biotic communities in the stony desertification region, re-establishing the ecological environment in the stony desertification region, recovering the land production capability and preventing the soil and water loss. By the method for controlling the stony desertification and restoring the ecosystem of the stony desertification region, a benign and sustainable ecosystem based on a plurality of species of plants is established, and the sunlight, heat, air, water, stones, the soil and the plants form a multi-level, multi-species, benign and sustainable operating mode, so that the use rate of water and soil resources is improved, the effects of controlling the stony desertification and establishing the ecological environment are achieved, and the economic, social and ecological benefits are good.

Abstract. Biostimulant and low intensity aeration were used to restore black-odorous water body in Zhupai Creek, Nanning. After 60 days’ experiment, results showed that the removal rate of CODCr、NH3-N and TP were 46.8%、98.7%and 73.3% respectively. The pH value of overlying water changed from 7.61 to 7.92 which would be beneficial to the release of P in the sediment. And the reduction of sediment reached to 5.49 cm. Hence, the remediation effects and speed of biostimulants to the black-odorous urban rivers can be improved greatly by using low intensity aeration.

Aeration was used during the remediation of black-odorous water in urban rivers by biostimulants.Effects were compared by controlling the aeration time and aeration rate to choose the best aeration mode and the most appropriate aeration amount.Results show that the remediation effects and speed of the black-odorous urban rivers by biostimulants can be improved by using aeration.The effects of intermitent aeration are close to continuous aeration and the running cost can be reduced.After 60 days of experiment,the removal rates of COD,NH3-N and TP were 46.8%,98.7% and 73.3%,respectively;the pH of overlying water changed from 7.61 to 7.92;the reduction of sediment was 5.49 cm;and the removal rate of organic matters was 10.5%.

The invention discloses a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) communication-based remote online monitoring system and method for sewage treatment equipment. The monitoring system comprises a field information acquisition control subsystem, an information transmitting subsystem and an information terminal subsystem, wherein the field information acquisition control subsystem and the information terminal subsystem are subjected to data transmission through the information transmission subsystem; the field information acquisition control subsystem comprises a video and monitoring integrated machine, an information acquisition unit and a control unit; the information transmission subsystem comprises field GPRS wireless transmission equipment, a GPRS wireless transmission network and terminal GPRS wireless transmission equipment; the information terminal subsystem comprises a server, a monitoring center, a mobile phone client and/or PC (Personal Computer) client; and the control unit is a programmable logic controller. The monitoring system can be used for monitoring the operation state of the remote sewage treatment equipment in real time and carrying out alarming and preliminary remote diagnosis treatment on operation faults of the sewage treatment equipment. In addition, the system is low in building expenses and high in management efficiency.

The molecular diversity of bacteria was analyzed by PCR-RFLP and 16S rDNA clone library was generated from a household biogas digester.Total community DNA was extracted using direct method,which yielded high molecular weight DNA for samples.144 clones were randomly selected for amplification of their 16S rDNA,PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes(RsaⅠand MspⅠ)and 46 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained,three most abundant OTUs accounting for 14%,10% and 9% of all the bacterial 16S rDNA clones,respectively.26 clones were sequenced and compared with all nucleotide sequences in GenBank database.The results indicated that most bacteria in the household biogas digester were likely uncultivable.Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the dominant bacteria in this household anaerobic bioreactor sludge were Firmicutes(28%),Deta-proteobacteria(18%)and Bacteroidetes(17%).This study on the bacterial diversity in household anaerobic bioreactor sludge provides foundation for better application of biogas plant producing gaseous methane.

The metagenomic DNA of pulp sediments from paper mill effluent was extracted and purified. The 16S rDNA was amplified using the purified metagenomic DNA as template and a 16S rDNA library was prepared. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clones showed that diverse of uncultured bacteria inhabit in this environment, which can be classified into 4 clusters as Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. A metagenomic library containing 10000 clones was constructed into cosmid vector, and the capacity of inserted DNA of which was 3.53 x 10(8) bp. Functional screening of the library resulted in isolation of two independent clones expressing endoglucanase activity, three independent clones expressing exoglucanase activity and two independent clones expressing beta-glucosidase activity. One clone expressing strongest enzyme activity from each activity category was chosen to be further analyzed. Three novel cellulase genes designated as umcel5L, umcel5M and umbgl3D were identified by subcloning, sequencing and expression. The umcel5L encodes an endoglucanase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5, which is most related to an endoglucanase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum at 43% identity and 59% similarity. The umcel5M encodes a cellodextrinase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5, which is most similar to a cellodextrinase from Fibrobacter succinogenes at 48% identity and 69% similarity. The umbgl3D encodes a putative beta-glucosidase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 3, which shares highest homology with a beta-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima at 46% identity and 61% similarity. It is the first time to reveal the bacterial diversity of pulp sediments from paper mill effluent and clone novel cellulase genes from the bacteria by culture-independent method.