缺血性心脏病是目前全球首位致病和致残的疾病之一,给公共卫生系统和病人生活都带来巨大的负担,缺血/再灌注损伤是其中最常见的病理生理机制.微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是近年来心肌缺血再灌注损伤中研究较多的调控因子,对于线粒体的功能有重要的调节作用,尤其是定位于线粒体中的miRNAs (mitomiRNAs)可通过改变关键信号通路来影响线粒体功能.在这篇综述中,我们列举了一些影响线粒体功能的miRNAs,并提出了其目前在临床转化中面临的问题与挑战,为心肌缺血再灌注损伤的后续研究提供理论参考.

Lepidium meyenii Walp. (maca), a perennial herbaceous plant with narrow distribution in. the Andean region, was cultivated by local residents as early as 1600 BC. It has high nutritional value and multiple medicinal effects. The plant source of maca is now scarce because maca products are becoming increasingly popular in the world as dietary supplements. This means that studies on the identification of maca materials are now urgent. In present work, natural plants with similar appearance or medicinal effects, including maca, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) were investigated. Their alkaloid extracts of the hypogeal parts were analysed by FTIR and TLC. The essential oils (steam distillates) were analysed by GC/MS. Through comparison of the characteristics of their spectra and chromatograms, it was found that the functional ingredient extracts of maca have unique FTIR, TLC and GC/MS behaviours. The secondary amide group (-CH2-NH-CO-CH2-) and the phenyl structure in FTIR, the multiple spots at different R-F values colourised by modified Dragendorff's reagent, and the characteristic peaks produced by the major essential oil components (e.g. phenylacetonitrile, benzaldehyde, 3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile) in GC/MS are distinct. These behaviours can be applied to the identification of maca or maca products in the market. (C) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.

Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Maca), a perennial herbaceous plant with narrow distribution in the Andean region, was cultivated by local residents as early as 1600 B.C. It has high nutritional values and multiple medicinal effects. In recent years the plant source of Maca has been greatly scarce since Maca products are increasingly becoming popular in the world. This makes the study urgent on the identification and quality evaluation of Maca materials. In present work, four Maca samples of different origins or handlings and three other natural plants, including radish, oriental ginseng and American ginseng, were investigated. Their essential oils (steam distillates) of the hypogeal parts were weighed and analyzed by GC/MS. Through comparison of the characteristics of their chromatograms, it was found that the essential oil of Maca had unique GC/MS behaviors, and the characteristic peaks produced by the major essential oil components (Phenylacetonitrile, Benzaldehyde, 3-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile, etc) were distinct. Furthermore, the chromatograms of several Maca samples showed a similar qualitative pattern except for some differences in the quantitative composition, and the percentage of total essential oils in the samples varied from 0.88 % to 1.59 %. These behaviors and technologies can be applied to the identification of Maca materials in the markets and be a supplement to assess the quality of Maca materials.