实际裂隙性油气储层表现出双相各向异性特征.本文基于岩石物理理论求取裂隙介质各向异性等效弹性参数,结合各向异性BISQ理论,建立了裂隙诱导双相各向异性介质理论模型.从双相各向异性介质的弹性波方程出发,推导出平面波的Christoffel方程,求解该方程获得了三维双相完全各向异性介质中qP1、qP2、qSV和qSH波的波数方程,据此波数方程计算四类波的相速度和衰减因子.最后针对碎屑岩水平裂隙诱导双相各向异性介质,分析了泥质含量、裂隙密度和形状、孔隙度、含水饱和度、流体黏滞系数、渗透率等参数对弹性波沿不同方向传播时相速度和能量衰减特征的影响,可为储层的孔隙、裂隙结构及含油气性等分析提供理论依据.

Based on merged 3D seismic data, we conduct a study of stratighaphy, faults and structures in the Block X, South Turgay Basin, Kazakhstan. Using seismic attributes, we analyze amplitude anomalies of some layers. The following observations are obtained: A. A continuously developed uplift in the Paleozoic basement might be a preferable target for hydrocarbon migration; faults together with unconformity and permeable sandstones in the area form a nice dredge system for hydrocarbon. B. Adjacent to oil source and presented as high, buried hills with developed fractures in the basement may be favorable drilling targets. C. Structures or traps close to oil source at shallow depth may be also favorable targets for the future exploration.

主要从断裂系统、构造圈闭类型、地层分布、接触关系、砂体类型及基岩等6个方面阐述了我国东部古近系—新近系箕状断陷的石油地质特征及油藏类型。论述了深陷带不仅是生油区,而且是储油区。分析了断陷盆地由单断型和双断型两种凹陷组成,每个单断凹陷可分为陡坡带、深陷带和缓坡带3个次一级构造单元。重点论述了在没有大型潜山带和二级构造带的深陷带中,各种隐蔽油气藏的形成条件及展布规律。

松辽盆地石炭系—二叠系烃源岩经历了较为复杂的构造演化,不同地区烃源岩的埋藏史、热演化史及生烃史不相同.通过对收集的资料和采集的上古生界烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析,探讨了松辽盆地不同地区石炭系—二叠系烃源岩演化特征及其有效性.结果表明:松辽盆地上古生界烃源岩有机质丰度低,有机质类型较差(主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅱ2型),现今热演化程度高(已达到成熟和过成熟阶段),后期生烃潜力有限,但不代表地质历史时期生烃贡献小;肇源、长岭地区上古生界烃源岩为后期深埋藏型,存在二次生烃,为上古生界有效烃源岩主要分布区,对天然气资源有贡献;杜尔伯特地区由于受周边侵入岩烘烤、后期浅埋深等因素的影响,古地温远高于现今地温,不能发生二次生烃,烃源岩基本无效.因此,松辽盆地肇源、长岭地区为上古生界烃源岩有利生气区.

This article elaborates the petroleum characteristics and reservoir types of the Paleogene-Neogene half graben-like rifts in the eastern part of China mainly in terms of six aspects-fault system,types of structural trap,distributed formations,contact relations,types of sand body,and basement.Deep sag belt is elaborated not only as sourcing area but also as reservoir area.Based on the analysis,rift basin is divided into single-rift type and dual-rift type.Each single-rift depression can be divided into three secondary structural units-steep slope belt,deep sag belt and gentle slope belt.The article focuses on the development conditions and distribution laws for various subtle oil and gas reservoirs in deep sag belts where there are no 1

基于哈萨克斯坦South Turgay盆地X区三维连片地震资料,对该区的地层、断裂及构造特征进行研究,应用地震资料的相干、振幅等属性,采用单层雕刻方式或时间窗限定雕刻方法对各层段的振幅异常进行了属性分析.分析后认为,在古生界基底结构基础上持续发育的隆起区,是油气运移的有利指向区,该区断裂发育,与不整合面以及渗透性砂岩共同构成了油气运移的良好疏导体系;指出落实可靠、地貌高、裂缝相对发育、近油源的基底潜山为有利的钻探目标;指出Mii砂岩段处于靠近油源位置、储层发育、埋藏较浅的构造或岩性圈闭为下步勘探的有利目标.

The type of organic matter from Upper Paleozoic source rock in Songliao Basin is typeⅢ,and the thermal evolution is generally in high-over mature stage.A long-term exposure and erosion happens during Triassic in Songliao Basin,and then rapid deep burial happens,causing secondary hydrocarbon generation in Upper Paleozoic source rock.So,the comprehensive evaluation of gas generation potential in Upper Paleozoic source rock should include the first hydrocarbon generation and the secondary hydrocarbon generation.Based on the hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiment and the recovery of vitrinite reflectance and organic carbon content,it is confirmed that the hydrocarbon generation potential of Upper Paleozoic source rock in Songliao Basin is limited nowadays,but the characteristic of hydrocarbon generation potential in geological history is obviously different in each region.The first hydrocarbon generation is mainly in the western and northern parts of Songliao Basin,and the secondary one is mainly in the eastern part.According to the above recovery of key parameters,the first gas generation and secondary one are respectively calculated by the means of thermal degradation rate.The calculated results show that the first gas generation from Upper Paleozoic source rock in Songliao Basin is about 566.24×1012 m3,and the gas resources produced by secondary gas generation is(0.97-1.29)×1012 m3;secondary hydrocarbon generation of Upper Paleozoic source rock in Songliao Basin mainly happens in Daqing-Zhaozhou and Da'an-Nong'an areas,while there is no gas generation in the western part of Songliao Basin,the scope of gas generation is small in the northern part,and the generation is efficient in the eastern part.

As the conventional linear iteration inversion algorithm highly depends on the initial model and may easily lead the solution to be trapped into local optimal solution,this paper studies a pre-stack inversion method on the basis of the differential evolution algorithm.The differential evolution algorithm makes use of simple mutation operations based on difference and one-to-one competitive survival strategies.The algorithm is not strongly dependent on the initial models and has strong global convergence ability,simple operations and fast calculation speed.All these advantages make it an effective technical means to solve complex optimization problems.In view of pre-stacked seismic inversion problems,an objective function is established based on Bayesian theory with the combination of the likelihood function and prior constraint information.Then the initial model is optimized constantly by the differential evolution algorithm until the objective function reaches the global optimum.Model trial indicates that the method is reliable,and also displays weak dependency on the initial model and good global converge ability.Inversion results with high resolution are obtained by applying it to real pre-stacked gathers.

According to the principle of magnetic logging detection method,the magnetic field vertical component theoretical curve of bored pile steel reinforcement cage has been numerical modeled,and the characteristics of magnetic field vertical spatial distribution have been studied,the methods of confirming the endpoint location and the length of bored pile steel reinforcement cage by magnetic vertical component Z curve zero point and its vertical gradient extreme point are concluded.Through the test of model piles and engineering piles,the reliability and accuracy of this method have been checked,which can be applied to the actual engineering length detection of bored pile steel reinforcement cage.

Gravity gradiometry is a kind of new technology of the gravity survey that rapidly developed in recent years.Gravity gradient tensor is the measurement of the gravitational potential of two-order tensor.Usually the abnormal morphology of Gradient tensor is complex,comparing to the gravity anomaly,gravity gradient tensor contains more geological anomalous body information such as shape,position and boundary.Laplacian operator is the isotropic differential operator with the characteristic of rotation invariance,and it can be extended to the operator running in tensor field which contains gradient tensor boundary information of density anomaly body.Executing the Laplacian operator on the gradient tensor boundary information enhancement and recognition on the basis of previous research,the gradient tensor boundary position accuracy is higher with this method to the model with linear boundary and a relatively good response at the apex as well as at the corner.Comprehensively,the analysis of the relationship of the objects parameters and various boundary enhancement and identification algorithm may hopefully provide a reference to research of Gravity gradiometry data processing and interpretation.