图拉达金矿位于俄罗斯外贝加尔边疆区内的达拉松矿田西北角,矿区内矿体受控于NE和NNE向断裂,主要赋存于NNE向的破碎角砾岩中,矿石类型主要为含金碎裂角砾岩型.矿体形态多呈脉状、透镜状,产状较稳定,后期构造对矿体影响较小;矿体内部结构复杂,局部有明显的膨胀收缩、分支或分支复合、波状弯曲现象.矿体围岩蚀变为热液蚀变,主要类型有绿泥石化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化、绢英岩化和硅化等.主岩体与主岩体外围的断裂构造内蚀变以及NE向断裂与近SN向断裂的交切部位是寻找碎裂角砾岩型金矿床的重要标志.通过研究图拉达金矿以及所在矿田的地质特征和找矿标志,对于国内地质工作者进一步了解中俄蒙跨境区域成矿规律和在矿区内发现更多金矿体具有重要的借鉴和指导意义.

This paper first introduces the determinants of transformation and upgrading with regard to resource-based private enterprises, these include:qualities of entrepreneurs, factor endowment structure and change, institutional factor, technological factors, and social environmental factors. And then this paper gives some suggestions required for promoting transformation and upgrading:we should guide the enterprise to the high profit production mode with high scientific and technological content and intensive technology, and cultivate a new generation of entrepreneurs with knowledge and culture. On this basis, we will deepen reform of the system so that the enterprises will have enough space for transformation;the technological literacy of workers of the enterprise must be enhanced;and business equipment will be updated in a timely manner. Last, but deifnitely not least is to give more support to the independent and innovative and low-carbon environmental new private-owned enterprises.

Gold deposits in the Penglai gold field, Shandong peninsula are mainly auriferous quartz-veins with subordinate disseminations in altered granites ( e. g. pyrite-sericite-quartz rock). The mineralization conditions are similar to those of the famous Linglong gold deposits. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite and in polymetallic sulphide quartz veins. Fluid inclusion study indicates that there are two major types of fluid inclusions in the gold deposits: CO2-H2O inclusions and NaCl-H2O inclusions of medium-low salinity. CO2 is the dominant component of the vapour phase of CO2-H2O inclusions which sometimes contains minor CH4, H2S and CO. Abundant CO2-H2O inclusions are present in pyrite-sericite-quartz rock whereas CO2-rich and H2O-rich CO2-H2O inclusions with variable phase ratios coexist with each other in pyrite-quartz veins and polymetallic sulphide - quartz veins. Microthermometric results have shown that the homogenization temperatures of CO2-H2O inclusions in pyrite-sericite-quartz rock range between 230 degrees C similar to 300 degrees C whereas those for fluid inclusions in pyrite-quartz veins and polymetallic sulphide - quartz veins vary from 220 to 390 degrees C. As the CO2-H2O inclusions with variable phase ratios were trapped from the immiscible CO2-H2O fluids the lower temperature range of ca. 220 similar to 250 degrees C is considered to be their formation temperature. The fluids in the early mineralization stage were volatile-rich and medium-low salinity (4.15% similar to 5. 23% NaCl eqv) ones with densities from 0. 92g/cm(3) to 0. 985g/cm(3). During the main mineralization stage the fluids evolved to higher-temperature CO2-H2O fluids containing a NaCl-dominated aqueous liquid (1. 02% - 15.5% NaCl eqv) and a CO2 vapour with minor CH4, H2S, CO and even organic substance; its density vary from 0. 32 to 0. 99g/cm(3). In the post mineralization stage the temperature, salinity and CO2 content of the fluids decreased to the minimum. The 880 values of quartz in the deposits vary between 13. 8 parts per thousand and 18.3 parts per thousand while the delta O-18 values of the mineralizing fluids between 4. 9 parts per thousand and 10.9 parts per thousand. The delta D values of fluid inclusions show a narrow range between - 78 parts per thousand and - 101 parts per thousand with a mode of - 78 parts per thousand similar to - 88 parts per thousand, suggesting that the mineralizing fluids originated mainly from magmatic water and accompanied with participation of meteoric water. The mineralizing fluids of the main mineralization stage exhibit feature of multiple sources. Temperature decrease and fluid immiscibility are the important mechanisms for deposition and enrichment of gold and other mineralizing elements.