The Nansha River,a branch of Fenhe River located in west of Jianshe Road and east of Binhe Road in Taiyuan,was seperated into four sections according to the flow direction.The plate colony-counting method was used to determine the microbial groups in the four sections;alkaline potassium pursulfate digestion-UV spectrophotometric method,ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method and FAAS were adopted to determine the concentration of water pollutants of the four sections;the comprehensive pollution index method was taken to assess the water quality of Nansha River;the correlations between pollutants(TN,TP,Cd,Cr and Pb) and bacteria,eumycota and actinomycetes were also analyzed by SPSS15.0 software.The results showed that the microorganism quantity of Nansha River was ordered as bacteria > eumycota > actinomycetes;the concentration of pollutants was ordered as TN>TP>Pb>Cr>Cd;the pollution index was larger than 1,which was more than the surface water standards in Taiyuan city,belonging to Ⅴ-level of national surface water;the pollution load ratio was ordered as TP>Pb>TN>Cr>Cd;the water quality comprehensive indeies of the four sections(S1,S2,S3 and S4) were 10.4007,10.9775,10.0878 and 9.6713 respectively,and the pollution situation was ordered as S2>S1>S3>S4.Moreover,the correlation analysis indicated that significant positive correlations existed between TN,TP(P< 0.01) and bacteria,eumycota,whlie significant negative correlations existed between Cd,Cr,Pb(P< 0.01) and bacteria,eumycota.The significant negative correlations existed between Cd and bacteria(P< 0.01) and eumycota(P< 0.05).The significant positive correlations existed between TN(P< 0.01) and actinomycetes,while significant negative correlations existed between Cd,Cr,Pb(P< 0.05) and actinomycetes.There were no significant correlations between actinomycetes and TP.There were significant negative correlations between pollutants TN,TP and heavy metal Cd,Cr,Pb.

Aim To study the effect and its mechanism of Glycyl-L-glutamine(Gly-Gln) on mitochondrial membrane potentials,apoptosis,and the release of myocardial enzymes of cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury.Methods A cardiac H/R model in vitro was established with primary cultured neonate rat cardiomyocytes.There were some experimental groups:(1)control group,(2)H/R gr-oup,(3)H/R+Gly-Gln(1,4,16 mmol·L-1) group,(4)Gly-Gln(1,4,16 mmol·L-1) group.The viability of cardiomyocytes was observed by MTT assay.The contents of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) in the culture solution of various groups were determined.The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes was analysed by AnnexinV/PI double staining.The mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψm) of cardiomyocytes was measured by JC-1 as a fluorescent molecular probe.Results Gly-Gln increased remarkably viability of cardiomyocytes suffering from H/R injury(P<0.01),inhibited the release of LDH and CK which induced by H/R injury(P<0.05).This effect of Gly-Gln was in a dose-dependent manner within certain concentration range.Gly-Gln reduced the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes(P<0.01).The △Ψm of cardiomyocyte was lower in H/R group than that in control group(P<0.01).But the △Ψm was higher in H/R+ Gly-Gln group than that in H/R group(P<0.01).Conclusion Gly-Gln promotes the survival of cardiomyocytes subjecting to H/R injury,reduces the release of myocardial enzymes induced by H/R injury,and prevents the apoptosis and decrement in mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocytes suffering from H/R injury.

AIM:To study the protection of Glycyl-L-Glutamine(Gly-Gln) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in the isolated rat heart.METHODS:A model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established with a Langendorff apparatus.Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,Gly-Gln group,I/R group and I/R+Gly-Gln group.Both I/R and I/R+Gly-Gln group were pre-perfused for 30 min,followed by 20 min ischemia and 40 min reperfusion.During reperfusion I/R+Gly-Gln group was perfused with Gly-Gln perfusate.Control group was kept perfused for 90 min.Gly-Gln group Gly-Gln perfusate was also kept perfused for 90 min.The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP),±dp/dtmax,heart rate(HR),monophasic action potentials(MAP) was measured during perfusion.The coronary effluent fluid was collected at different certain times.The activities of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) were determined.RESULTS:The isolated rat heart function decreased severely after 20 min ischemia and 40 min reperfusion(I/R):the LVEDP increased and the LVDP,±dp/dtmax decreased.But the LVEDP decreased and the LVDP,±dp/dtmax increased in I/R+Gly-Gln group compared with I/R group.Moreover,the activities of LDH and CK in the coronary effluent fluid decreased remarkably in I/R+Gly-Gln group compared with I/R group.CONCLUSION:Gly-Gln can play a protective role against myocardial I/R injury in isolated rat hearts via maintaining the left ventricular function and decreasing the release of LDH and CK.