We investigated regeneration of the corticospinal tract and rearrangement of corticospinal nerves after spinal cord injury by biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) nerve tract tracing after neural stem cell transplantation. Neural stem cell transplantation increased motor function scores of rats at 3 weeks after spinal cord transection injury at the thoracic 10 segment. A proportion of BDA-labeled corticospinal tract regenerated through the spinal cord injury site at 12 weeks after transplantation. Electron microscopy revealed that the regenerated BDA-labeled nerve terminals formed new synaptic connections with neurons at the distal end of the injured site. These findings indicate that BDA nerve tract tracing effectively provides anatomic and morphological evidence of recovery after spinal cord injury.

Objective To study the effect of selective amygdalohippocampectomy via the transsyivian approach(TSSAH) for the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Method Retrospectively analyze seizure outcomes and operative complications of 18 patients with MTLE by TSSAH between Aug 2005 and Dec 2008. Results The pathologic changes were 4 cases cavernous haemangioma(2 of them with HS), 2 cases glioma, 12 cases hippocampai sclerosis. The follow-up period was 6 to 37 months. After surgery, 12 patients were Engel class Ⅰ (completely seizure free) ,2 patients were Engel class Ⅱ,2 patients were Engel class Ⅲ, and 2 patients were Engel class Ⅳ. Visual field deficits existed in 9 patients, 1 patient had haematoma in operative zone, 1 patient had intracranial infection and 1 patient had oculomotor injury, no death and hemiplegia. Conclusions TSSAH can lead to favorable seizure control with a low irreversible complication risk.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics and operative effect of hippocampus lesions.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and operative outcome of 44 patients with hippocampus lesions between August 2005 and April 2010.RESULTSSeizure attack was the initial symptom among 40 of the 44 patients. Pathological examinations revealed 18 gliomas, 9 cavernous malformations, 12 hippocampus sclerosis, 2 focal cortical dysplasia, 1 atypical hyperplasia, 1 injury glial scar, and 1 encephalomalacia. Thirteen patients received anterior medial temporal lobectomy and the other 31 received lesionectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy via transsylvian approach. An average of 15.7 month follow-up was accomplished in 37 patients. Postoperative epileptic outcomes were evaluated according to Engel classification: Grade I 73.0%(27/37), Grade II 13.5%(5/37), Grade III 10.8%(4/37) and Grade IV 2.7%(1/37). No perioperative death occurred. One patient experienced hemiplegia but recovered 8 months after the operation. Noticeable postoperative visual field deficit was left in 2 patients. Two patients with glioma died of remote tumor recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSIONSeizure attack is a major complaint of hippocampus lesions. Satisfactory seizure and tumor control may be achieved through anterior medial temporal lobectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy with lesionectomy.

Objective To study the operative indications and effects of surgical treatment of mesial temporal lesions through transsylvian approach(TSA).Method A retrospective analysis of operative outcomes and complications of 26 patients with mesial temporal lesions through TSA between Jul 2005 and Jul 2009 was performed.Results The pathologic changes included 6 cases of cavernous haemangioma,7 glioma,1 gliomatosis and 12 hippocampal sclerosis.2 case of glioma were subtotal removed and the others were total removed.Amygdaloid nucleus was removed and hippocampus was removed 2.5 to 3.0 cm in hippocampal sclerosis cases.Cavernous haemangioma and its surround gliotic plane with hemosiderin were removed together.The complications included visual field deficits in 11 patients (but only 2 patients had symptom of visual field deficits),1 haematoma in operative field,1 oculomotor injury and 1 anterior choroidal artery injury.Conclusions Favorable operative effects could be achived through TSA with low irreversible complication risk for surgical treatment of medsial temporal lesions.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have focused on the correlation between Nogo-A expression and multiple sclerosis or between Nogo-A receptor (NgR) expression and multiple sclerosis in the central nervous system. Expression patterns of Nogo-A and NgR remain poorly understood in rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).OBJECTIVE: To observe dynamic changes in Nogo-A and NgR protein expression, and to verify the correlation between Nogo-A and NgR protein, as well as expression patterns at various time points, in periventricular tissue of EAE rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A neuroimmunological, randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Clinical Institute of Hunan People's Hospital of China from September to November 2008.MATERIALS: Immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) kit was purchased from Boster, China.METHODS: A total of 60 female, Wistar rats, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly assigned to EAE and control groups (n = 30, respectively). Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate, self-made complete Freund's adjuvant (0.2 mL/100 g), and pertussis vaccine (0.2 mL) were subcutaneously injected into the hindlimb foot pad of rats from the EAE group to create rat models of EAE. Complete Freund's adjuvant (0.2 mL) was infused into rats from the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nogo-A and NgR protein expression was determined in periventricular white matter using immunohistochemical methods. Neurological scores were determined in all rats.RESULTS: Rats from the EAE group developed acute-onset EAE following immunization. The pathogenetic symptoms reached a peak on day 15, and neurological scores were also greatest at this time point. Neurological scores decreased with recovery of the illness. Nogo-A was shown to be expressed in neuronal cells and oligodendrocytes, and expression increased 11 days after immunization (P<0.01), decreased by day 13 (P < 0.01), and then increased again by day 15. Nogo-A expression remained greater in the EAE group compared with the control group at day 30 (P < 0.01). In the EAE group, NgR protein was primarily expressed on the surface of neuronal bodies and axons. NgR expression increased 13-18 days after immunization (P<0.01 or P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Nogo-A and NgR protein expression altered with disease course in periventricular white matter of EAE rats. Results suggested that Nogo-A and NgR were involved in EAE occurrence.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins related with the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).METHODS:Five SD rats were injected intra-peritoneally with lithium chloride and then pilocarpine twice to establish epilepsy models. At last 24 rats developed TLE, and 12 developed non-TLE. Then rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (Norm group). Thirty days after the appearance of epilepticus the rats were decapitated with their brains taken out. The PSD proteins were extracted and purified by using sucrose gradient centrifugation and membrane sequence extraction, isolated by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PDQuest software was used to screen the specifically and differentially expressed protein spots. Partial differentially expressed PSD protein spots were selected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Several identified proteins were detected in the PSD fraction by Western blotting.RESULTS:Compared with the non-TLE and Norm groups, there were 40 differential protein spots in the TLE group. The expression levels of heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (FBA), creatine kinase (CK), thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6), myelin basic protein S (MBP), and LIM domain were up-regulated, but the expression levels of tubulin, actin, internexin-alpha, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase), sorting nexin 3 (SNX3), aconitate hydratase (ACO), glyceradehydea-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH), and succinate-coenzyme A ligase (SCOAL) were down-regulated in the TLE group. The HSP27, tubulin-alpha, and SNX3 were in the PSD gels were immunostaining positive in the 3 groups.CONCLUSION:The differential expression of PSD proteins in TLE may be due to injury induced neural plasticity. But the degree thereof may contribute to the development of TLE. These identified proteins can be regarded as important candidates for or against the development of TLE.

Cell Biology InternationalVolume 32, Issue 3 p. S26-S26 Isolation and identification of brain tumor stem cells within tumors of human neuroepithelial tissue in vitro Jia Sheng Fang, Jia Sheng Fang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYong Wen Deng, Yong Wen Deng Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorMing Chu Li, Ming Chu Li Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFeng Hua Chen, Feng Hua Chen Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorMing Lu, Ming Lu Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFang Fang, Fang Fang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYan Jin Wan, Yan Jin Wan Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorJun Wu, Jun Wu Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhuan Yi Yang, Zhuan Yi Yang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXang Yang Zhou, Xang Yang Zhou Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFei Wang, Fei Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Jia Sheng Fang, Jia Sheng Fang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYong Wen Deng, Yong Wen Deng Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorMing Chu Li, Ming Chu Li Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFeng Hua Chen, Feng Hua Chen Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorMing Lu, Ming Lu Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFang Fang, Fang Fang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYan Jin Wan, Yan Jin Wan Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorJun Wu, Jun Wu Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhuan Yi Yang, Zhuan Yi Yang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXang Yang Zhou, Xang Yang Zhou Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorFei Wang, Fei Wang Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 January 2013 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.01.116AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume32, Issue3March 2008Pages S26-S26 RelatedInformation

The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of and correlation between clinical presentations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of two different cases of nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy. Case 1: A 63-year-old man with a diagnosis of incomplete mechanical intestinal obstruction. His abdominal symptoms were improved by gastrointestinal decompression, but blurred vision, hypoacusis. dizziness, and unsteady gait were noted. His illness deteriorated to confusion on day seven. MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the medial thalami, tectum of the midbrain, and the periaqueduct region on T2- and diffusion-weighted images. Thiamine therapy was commenced immediately with good results. Case 2: A 22-year-old woman was admitted for sudden-onset confabulation and unsteady gait after hyperemesis gravidarum. She had no history of alcohol or any medication. Brain MRI was normal. The patient experienced relief after Vitamin B1 treatment. These results suggest that brain MRI can define characteristic abnormalities in Wernicke encephalopathy. and that diffusion-weighted imaging may improve the diagnosis sensitivity. In addition, the MRI images may be curt-elated to the clinical stage and severity of the disease. Nevertheless, the clinical features are essential for correct diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a simplified culture system for the isolation of brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) from the tumors of human neuroepithelial tissue, to observe the growth and differentiation pattern of BTSCs, and to investigate their expression of the specific markers.METHODS:Twenty-six patients with brain neuroepithelial tumors underwent tumor resection. Two pieces of tumor tissues were taken from each tumor to be dissociated, triturated into single cells in sterile DMEM-F12 medium, and then filtered. The tumor cells were seeded at a concentration of 200,000 viable cells per mL into serum-free DMEM-F12 medium simply supplemented with B27, human basic fibroblast growth factor (20 microg/L), human epidermal growth factor (20 microg /L), insulin (4 U/L), L-glutamine, penicillin and streptomycin. After the primary brain tumor spheres (BTSs) were generated, they were triturated again and passed in fresh medium. Limiting dilution assay was performed to observe the monoclone formation. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation test was performed to observe the proliferation of the BTS. The BTSCs were cultured in mitogen-free DMEM-F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum to observe their differentiation. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the expression of CD133 and nestin, specific markers of BTSC, and the rate of CD133 positive cells.RESULTS:Only a minority of subsets of cells from the tumors of neuroepithelial tissue had the capacity to survive, proliferate, and generate free-floating neurosphere-like BTSs in the simplified serum-free medium. These cells attached to the poly-L-lysine coated coverslips in the serum-supplemented medium and differentiated. The BTSCs were CD133 and nestin positive. The rate of CD133 positive cells in the tumor specimens was (21 +/- 6.2)% - (38 +/- 7.0)%.CONCLUSION:A new simplified culture system for the isolation of BTSCs is established. The tumors of human neuroepithelial tissue contain CD133 and nestin positive tumor stem cells which can be isolated, proliferate and differentiate in vitro and give rise to brain tumor spheres. This tumorigenic subset may provide both a platform for brain tumor research and a target for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the methods of isolation, culture and identification of brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) in neuroepithelial tumor tissues in vitro, and to study the correlation between BTSCs and the patholorical grades of neuroepithelial tumors.METHODS:Tumor cells from patients undergoing neuroepithelial tumors excision were acutely dissociated, triturated into single cells, and then seeded into serum-free medium. After the primary brain tumor spheres (BTSs) were generated, they were triturated again and passaged in fresh medium. The expression of Nestin and CD133 of BTSs was detected by immunocytochemistry staining, and the expression of CD133 of tumor specimen sections was detected by immunohistochemistry staining . The expression of CD133 of 46 brain tumors and 5 normal brain tissues were analysed by SABC immunohistochemical staining, and the correlation between the expression and pathological grade of the tumors was analysed.RESULTS:BTSCs from neuroepithelial tumors could be isolated and cultured, and could be generated and passaged in vitro. The expression of Nestin and CD133 could be detected in BTSCs. CD133 could be detected in neuroepithelial tumor tissues, but not in normal brain tissues. There was significant difference between the expression of CD133 and the different grades of tumors (P < 0.01), and there was a positive correlation between the expression of CD133 and the histologic grading of tumors (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:A small proportion of stem cells have the ability to self-renew in human neuroepithelial tumors, and there is a positive correlation between the expression of CD133 and histologic grading of tumors.