基于计算机多媒体技术的虚拟实验室,作为一种新的实验教学手段而受到重视. 虚拟实验的优势在于可以弥补真实动物实验中的技术缺陷. 然而,虚拟实验在激发学生学习兴趣,锻炼学生科学思维方面存在显著不足. 文章对虚拟实验的利弊做了分析,并提供了实际应用的基本模式.

转化医学理念的提出推动了传统医学教学的改革. 在探索新型生理学教学改革的过程中引入转化医学可以促进新的教学模式、新的教学框架以及新的师资队伍组建,将临床医学应用与相应的基础医学知识紧密结合,使医学知识的学习、理解和应用同步进行.

简述了笔者在基础医学教育领域开发生理学虚拟实验程序和建立虚拟实验室的经验和体会,提出在程序设计中需要解决的一些问题和应注意的事项,为初始接触该工作的同志提供借鉴。

The excitability of nociceptive neurons increases in the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a chronic compression, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ionic mechanisms underlying the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons in the compressed ganglion. Chronic compression of DRG (CCD) was produced in adult rats by inserting two rods through the intervertebral foramina to compress the L4 DRG and the ipsilateral L5 DRG. After 5-7 d, DRG somata were dissociated and placed in culture for 12-18 h. In sharp electrode recording model, the lower current threshold and the depolarized membrane potential in the acutely dissociated CCD neurons were detected, indicating that hyperexcitability is intrinsic to the soma. Since voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in the primary sensory neurons are important for the regulation of excitability, we hypothesized that CCD would alter K(+) current properties in the primary sensory neurons. We examined the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a specific antagonist of A-type potassium channel, on the excitability of the control DRG neurons. With 4-AP in the external solution, the control DRG neurons depolarized (with discharges in some cells) and their current threshold decreased as the CCD neurons demonstrated, indicating the involvement of decreased A-type potassium current in the hyperexcitability of the injured neurons. Furthermore, the alteration of A-type potassium current in nociceptive neurons in the compressed ganglion was investigated with the whole-cell patch-clamp recording model. CCD significantly decreased A-type potassium current density in nociceptive DRG neurons. These data suggest that a reduction in A-type potassium current contributes, at least in part, to the increase in neuron excitability that may lead to the development of pain and hyperalgesia associated with CCD.