The multi-axis laser manufacturing equipment is a piece of standard equipment suitable for complex components with hard and brittle material. The laser beam direction inevitably deviates from the coordinate axis of equipment due to the location of laser and optical parts, leading to component’s substrate over-cutting. This paper proposes a compensation method for the laser beam deflection to enhance the accuracy of the laser manufacturing. The deflection measurement was achieved by image and point cloud processing. The proposed method scans the point cloud model and fits the geometric feature to realize the orientation of the laser collimator relative to the equipment. The error of laser beam deflection calculates by the orientation of collimator and the spatial geometric relationship of the displacement and the laser trajectory. An error compensation model is constructed to compensate for dynamic error in the whole motion range during the calculation of equipment motion. The effectiveness of this method is verified through laser beam measurement, compensation and laser manufacturing for a complex component. The results show that the proposed method improves the processing accuracy (91.6 μm versus 316.6 μm) by data statistics.

Three-dimensional (3D) line-laser scanning is a widely used 3D reconstruction technique in the industry. As a key procedure of 3D line-laser scanning, centerline extraction of laser stripes directly determines the accuracy of reconstructed 3D models. Because of the noise inside laser stripes, centerline extraction methods based on the gray distribution may provide biased results. In order to address this problem, a Voronoi-diagram-based method (VM) for centerline extraction, which can extract centerlines accurately under severe noises, is proposed. To solve the emerging problems when the Voronoi diagram is applied to line-laser stripes, a fast pruning algorithm based on the distribution of graph centrality is proposed, and two centerline extension algorithms based on least square fitting are developed. The experiments are performed on synthetic images and a line-laser 3D scanner to evaluate the method's accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. The VM method is proved to have better accuracy and robustness than the traditional method. Simulation experiments show that the VM can extract centerlines from noisy images with an average accuracy of 0.35 pixels. Also, 3D reconstruction experiments of a phi 20-mm standard sphere demonstrate an average accuracy of 0.0282 mm. With four-thread acceleration, the proposed method can process images with a resolution of 2448 x 2048 pixels in 0.5 s. The accuracy and speed of the proposed method can be adjusted by changing the parameter related to the density of contour points, which makes this method flexible and widely applicable in applications with different requirements.

Ceramic structural parts are one of the most widely utilized structural parts in the industry.However,they usually contain defects following the pressing process,such as burrs.Therefore,additional trimming is usually required,despite the deformation challenges and difficulty in positioning.This paper proposes an ultrafast laser processing system for trimming complex ceramic structural parts.Opto-electromechanical cooperative control software is developed to control the laser processing system.The trimming problem of the ceramic cores used in aero engines is studied.The regional registration method is introduced based on the iterative closest point algorithm to register the path extracted from the computer-aided design model with the deformed ceramic core.A zonal and layering processing method for three-dimensional contours on complex surfaces is proposed to generate the working data of high-speed scanning galvanometer and the computer numerical control machine tool,respectively.The results show that the laser system and the method proposed in this paper are suitable for trimming complex non-datum parts such as ceramic cores.Compared with the results of manual trimming,the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy,efficiency,and yield.The method mentioned above has been used in practical application with satisfactory results.

For the automatic laser deburring of ceramic cores, this study proposed a method for generating deburring tool paths by combining the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) approach with two-step coarse and fine point cloud registrations method. Specifically, the CAD/CAM approach was employed to generate the ideal tool paths based on the CAD model, and the coarse registration ensured the global optimal solution of the subsequent fine registration. Considering the complex structure and the uneven shrinkage deformation of ceramic cores, the hybrid and local fine registration method was proposed to optimize the ideal tool paths in order to generate deburring tool paths. Moreover, the fine registration also eliminated the influence of inconsistent clamping errors of ceramic cores on the final accuracy of deburring tool paths. In order to select the optimal local fine registration methods, focusing on the accuracy of deburring tool paths, four rigid and non-rigid point cloud registration methods based on the iterative closest point algorithm were compared. Furthermore, a method for evaluating the accuracy of deburring tool paths was proposed. Finally, a repeatability experiment was performed to verify the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method. The generated deburring tool paths were verified and its effectiveness was proven on a five-axis laser processing equipment.

This paper describes an accurate and adaptive edge measurement method for deformed complex components (DCCs). The edges of these components are irregular, spatially gradual curves. Furthermore, measured edges are used to guide precise modification, which requires the measurement to have high accuracy and integrity. The existing methods for edge detection cannot meet the above two requirements for DCCs. The proposed method is based on optimizing the template edge to reduce the errors caused by deformation, which mainly includes two steps: (1) extraction and preprocessing of the edge template; (2) optimizing the sub-edge poses (pose and position). In the first step, an edge template is extracted using a 3D design model and divided based on structural discontinuities. In the second step, the edge is divided into sub-edges, then support regions are adaptively searched for sub-edges and the sub-edge poses are optimized. The sub-edge transition area is interpolated to achieve smoothness of the entire edge. This approach was experimentally validated using DCCs and achieves a higher accuracy than conventional approaches. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method performs well in terms of accuracy (0.06 mm) and efficiency (within 85 s), and there is no local missing at the edge.

Many arthropods have compound eyes, made up of numerous separate visual units (micro-lens) or ommatidia. These natural compound eyes have exceptional optical features such as a wide field of view, low abbreviation, and fast motion tracking. In this paper, a large-scale artificial compound eye is fabricated efficiently using a combination of inkjet printing and air-assisted deformation. Both size and geometry of the micro-lens are controlled via superposed drops on the substrate. The simulation results show that the light intensity of the artificial compound eye follows a systematic distribution for tilted incident light, which represents a significant improvement, compared to planar distributed micro-lenses. We then manufacture artificial compound eyes with different heights and diameters, and their fields of view are compared with the theoretically predicted results. The measured field of view was 50-140°. The acceptance angles for the different artificial compound eyes are determined, and their relationship with the morphology of the micro-lens (H/r) is further investigated in more detail. Furthermore, the imaging properties of the micro-lenses with different angle of incidences are studied, which suggest a FOV up to 140°，and an acceptance angle of about ~50°. The micro-lens captures images even at an angle of incidence of about ~60°. The corresponding distortion in both x and y-direction is also investigated. Our findings provide guidelines for the development and fabrication of artificial compound eyes with large FOVs and acceptance angles, which may find applications in military, robotics, medical imaging, and astronomy.

Ceramic cores determine the moulding accuracy of a turbine blade’s cavity, which strongly affects thermal diffusion performance and the service life of a turbine engine. To get a high quality ceramic core after the preliminary process, this paper deals with a laser trimming technology for ceramic casting cores via double picosecond laser scanning for the first time. Instead, the core ceramic foils were firstly machined at a combination of different laser processing parameters to determine the necessary laser trimming technology. Three different laser pulse duration regimes including femto-, pico- and nanosecond were examined and picosecond laser was selected for trimming of the core considering a serious recast layer occurrence in nanosecond laser processing and large amounts of faintly bonded aerosols on the side-wall of the machined surface in femtosecond laser processing. The removal profiles of the machined ceramic foils were characterized in terms of depth, deviation of linearity and surface morphology, which exhibited high dependence on the picosecond laser processing parameters. Double picosecond laser scanning for trimming was further put forward, schematically analysed and experimentally verified. Compared to the conventional trimming ways, the proposed technology allows a much smoother and denser edge and side-wall of the machined surface of ceramic casting cores, which helps to form high accuracy turbine blades cavity. What is more, it also provides a novel view for high quality laser micro-machining.

The nondatum complex component is a complex component and does not have reliable positioning/measurement datum during the modification process. With the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the manual manner of shape trimming for the nondatum complex component needs to be replaced by laser automatic shape trimming. This study develops a vision-based, online, and high-precision method for measuring the fixtured pose error of the component. Limited by burrs, deformation, and complex structure, the feature-based method is not applicable to this component. The present method is based on iterative optimization and not required feature extraction. To improve pose measurement efficiency and accuracy, the optimization of the reference model can effectively reduce the error caused by deformation. The experiment results showed that the proposed method is fast and accurate, and satisfied the measurement requirement of the fixtured component's pose in six degrees-of-freedom.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the Zhikang capsule on the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Method: MTT method was used to detect the growth situation of normal breast cancer MCF-7 cells at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment by Zhikang capsule and the effects of Zhikang capsule on cell cycle of MCF-7 cells were detected by flow cytometry using flow cytometer. The effects of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment by Zhikang capsule on the growth of normal breast cancer MCF-7 cells were measured by flow cytometry; the effect of Zhikang capsule on apoptosis of MCF-7 cells was detected by PI single staining flow cytometry. Result: Different concentrations of Zhikang capsule could effectively inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells, and with the increase of concentration and extension of action time, the cell growth inhibition rate increased. The MCF-7 cells were effect for 72 h by the 0.5, 1, 2.0 mg/ml of the Zhikang capsule, and the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells in cell cycle was 19.33 ± 10.38%, 14.12 ± 5.37% and 26.84 ± 2.13%; While the control group G0/G1 phase ratio was 51.83 ± 1.90%. The apoptosis rate of the cells were 2.09 ± 0.74%, 3.84 ± 0.78% and 5.35 ± 0.83% respectively treated by the 0.5, 1, 2.0 mg/ml of the Zhikang capsule. Conclusion: The Zhikang capsule could inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells in vitro, and the inhibitory effect showed the time effect and dose effect relationship; and it could promote the apoptosis of breast cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle in the G2/M phase.

Objective:To explore the role and mechanism of Zhikang capsule in promoting flap healing after breast cancer radical surgery.Methods: Breast cancer patients were randomly divided into treatment group and observation group,Zhikang capsule as well as conventional change dressings was applied in the treatment group,and the observation group only used regular change dressings.Collecting the complete clinical data of the serum samples of 98 cases of breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy to detect the expression of TGF-β and bFGF in serum.Results: Compared with the observation group,the treatment group had no obvious difference in wound healing time and drainage fluid amount,but the tissue necrosis rate was less,and the bFGF expression in peripheral blood was high.However TGF-expression in two groups had no obvious difference.Conclusion:Zhikang capsule can promote flap healing after breast cancer radical surgery,and its mechanism may be related to the increase of bFGF expression in peripheral blood.

Objective:To explore satisfactory methods for locating diagnosis of insulinoma.Methods: The diagnosis and treatment of 54 cases with insulinoma were analysised retrospectively.Results: The sensitivity of ultrasonography and CT are lower than that of spiral CT with thin slice incremental scanning,MRI,selective arteriography and intraoperative ultrasonography.Conclusion: MRI and spiral CT with thin slice incremental scannig should be used to locate insulinoma after preliminaty examining by ultrasonography.Intraoperative ultrasonography should be performed for those could not locating diagnosis after palpation intraoperatively.

Objective: To examine the expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1(IGFR-1) in breast cancer tissue and its relationship with ER,PR and cerbB-2.Methods:The expressions of IGFR-1 were detected in 40 patients with breast cancer and 40 controls with normal breast tissue with immunohistochemical method.Results:The expression rate of IGFR-1 in breast cancer tissue was 77.5%,in normal breast tissue was 35 %,there was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).In cancer group,there was positive correlation between the expression level of IGFR-1 and estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR)(both P 0.05);there was no significant relationship between IGFR-1 expression and cerbB-2 and clinical stages(both P 0.05).Conclusion:IGFR-1 could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of breast cancer,IGFR-1 plays an important role in the development of breast cancer and IGFR-1 could be a new target for treatment of breast cancer.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of primary gastric lymphoma.Methods: The diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of twenty-eight cases with primary gastric lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The main clinical features are disorder of abdomen,abdominal mass and emaciation.The preoperative misdiagnosis rate was 35.7%,5-year survival rate was 89.5% in mild malignant gastric lymphoma and 55.6% in highgrade.Conclusion:Misdiagnosis occur frequently in primary gastric lymphoma.Comprehensive and individualized treatment can elevate the survival rate.The pattern and stage of pathology,individualized treatment may be more important in the various factors of influencing the prognosis of primary gastric lymphoma.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of non-lactating mastitis.Methods: By retrospective analysis,clinical and pathological data of 26 non-lactation mastitis patients were analyzed.Results: Twenty six patients were treated with different surgical methods,and 92% of them were cured.Conclusion: Non-lactating mastitis is a group of diseases with complex clinical manifestations,and its characteristics were easily affected around the areola and prone to relapse.Different clinical types of this disease were suitable to different surgical methods.

大肠癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一,好发部位主要在直肠、乙状结肠及升、降结肠,横结肠发病相对较少,早期症状不典型,容易误诊而延误病情,导致出现严重并发症.横结肠癌胃瘘临床上极少见,我科收治一例,现报告如下.

目的:探讨综合保乳治疗在早期乳腺癌中的临床应用价值。方法:对65例临床～期乳腺癌患者采用单切口和双切口法行乳腺癌的保乳切除术加腋窝淋巴结清扫术。术后辅助放、化疗和内分泌治疗,并随访术后近期疗效和美容效果。结果:65例乳腺癌患者术后并发症少,随访8～84个月,局部复发率3.07%,乳房外观美容效果好。结论:早期乳腺癌保乳综合治疗创伤小、疗效确切、形体改变少,能提高生存质量。

Objective:To study the value of core needle biopsy in diagnosis of breast mass. Methods: Eighty five cases of clinical palpable breast masses were detected with core needle biopsy(CNB) and open biopsy(OB), the pathologic findings of CNB and OB were analyzed. Results: In the 85 cases, CNB identified that 53 were cyclomastopathy, 26 were breast cancer, 3 were chronic inflammation, 3 were fibroadenoma. The histology identified at CNB was confirmed at OB for 98.1% of the cases, false negative rate was 1.9%. Conclusion: Core needle biopsy is a simple, less invasive and accurate localization procedure. It is very valuable in the diagnosis of breast masses.

Objective:To investigate the strategies of the early diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic carci-noma.Methods:Diagnosis and surgical treatment's data of 340 cases with pancreatic carcinoma from 1994 to 2001 were studied retrospectively.Results:19.1% cases (65/340) received radical resections,mortality rate was 7.7%.80.9% cases (275/340) received palliative resections and explorations. 83.1% patients who received radical resec-tion had epigastric pain, abdominal distention, anepithymia , debility, emaciation and other atypical complaint asfirst symptoms, only 16.9% had painless jaundice at first. Detection of indirect signs for pancreatic carcinoma in im-aging examinations were dilatation of biliary tract(97.1%), gallbladder enlargement(88.8%), and anormaly inpancreatic duct (93.8%) including stricture, discontinuity and translocation. Combined with various imaging exami-nations to verify the indirect signs in high-risk population was useful for the early diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma,surgical treatment should be performed in time.The application of modified Child's operation could decrease the mor-tality and complications.Conclusion:It could be contributed to identification, diagnosis and early treatment and im-prove the rate of early diagnosis and the results of the surgical treatment in pancreatic carcinoma to pay more attentionto the high-risk population and adop various imaging examinations in diagnosis, following with surgical exploration.The modified Child's operation for pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first option for pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective:To research the relationship between VEGF-C,MVD and the indexes of clinicopathology and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods:Elivision immunhistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C in 51 ESCC tissues.Microvessel were marked for CD34,and microvessel density(MVD) were counted.The correlation between VEGF-C and clinical pathological features and MVD was analyzed stastistically.Results:There was positive correlation between the expression of VEGF-C or MVD and lymphnode metastasis in ESCC.The survival rate of patients with high MVD and positive expression of VEGF-C in the tumor was significantly lower than that of patients with low MVD and negative expression of VEGF-C.There was a closed correlation between MVD and VEGF-C expression.Conclusion:VEGF-C expression is related to cancer angiogenesis,VEGF-C and MVD might be biological markers for the lymphnode metastasis and dismal prognosis of ESCC.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and mammographic features of non-typical breast carcinoma and improve the diagnostic level of the breast carcinoma.Methods:A total of 15 patients with non-typical breast carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology were studied.The mammographic features were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Mammographic features of breast carcinoma were masses in 7 cases,calcification in 9 cases,focal of diffuse increased density in 6 cases,architecture distortion in 4 cases,vascular asymmetry in 3 cases.Conclusion:Non-typical breast carcinoma have various signs in mammography.Besides attaching importance to characteristic mass and clustered calcification in diagnosis,special attention should be paid to indirect signs such as small focus of increased density and focal architecture distortion.