Chinese bayberry is a characteristic and native fruit of China, which is popular for its unique flavor and juicy taste. However, Chinese bayberry fruit has a short harvesting period and poor storability, thus is highly depending on the postharvest preservation and transportation technologies. There are numerous studies on the postharvest preservation and transportation of Chinese bayberry fruit. Based on these, this paper reviewed the research progress on postharvest quality change, disease and pest occurrence, storage and logistics technologies of Chinese bayberry fruit. After combing and looking forward to some researching key points, it is concluded that the reasons for the poor harvesting of Chinese bayberry fruit are diverse and complex, and the importance of forming a comprehensive technical system from many aspects is put forward. This paper provides some theoretical references for the research and application of postharvest preservation technologies of Chinese bayberry fruit.

As an important part of the daily diet, fruits are an important source of vitamin a, vitamin c and dietary fiber. However, fresh fruits are difficult to preserve and will spoil and rot quickly, especially the fruits with respiratory climacteric. This kind of fruits rapidly ripen and soften after the peak of respi-ration, which not only affects their texture, taste and nutritional value, but also causes the loss of com-mercial value. The softening process is believed to be related to the degradation of cell wall pectin. Pec-tin in the cell wall is a kind of complex acidic polysaccharide with D-galacturonic acid as the main com-ponent connected by 1, 4-glycosidic bonds, contributing to the adhesion between cells and the mechani-cal strength of cells. Currently the smooth and hairy region model is the most recognized pectin struc-ture, which consists of four structural domains-homogalacturonans, rhamnogalacturonanⅠ, rhamnoga-lacturonanⅡand xylogalacturonan. Studies have found that the process of fruit ripening and softening is often related to changes in pectin composition. The degree of esterification of pectin and polymeriza-tion will decrease. The insoluble protopectin degrades to form soluble pectin and pectic acid, and inter-cellular adhesion decreases, resulting in softening of the fruit. For example, alkaline soluble pectin is more in the early stage of maturity while water soluble pectin is more in the later stage of maturity in to-mato. One of the main reasons for fruit softening is the degradation of pectin, which is catalyzed by spe-cific pectinase including pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), pectate lyases (PL) andβ-galactosidase (β-GAL). The main function of PME is to act on the methyl esterified carboxyl group to form methanol and polygalacturonic acid. PG is a key enzyme for the softening of most fruits with re-spiratory climacteric. Its role is to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond of demethylated polygalacturonic acid residues to produce galacturonic acid. PL degrades pectin polymers directly byβ-elimination mecha-nism that results in the formation of 4 ,5-unsaturated oligogalacturonides, promoting the process of fruit softening. There are two kinds ofβ-GAL. One acts on theβ-(1, 3) andβ-(1, 6) glycosidic bonds of arabi-nogalactan, and the other acts exclusively on theβ-(1, 4) galactosidic bonds of pectin branched chains. Both of them are related to the strength of cell wall structure. The activities of the four pectinases will change when fruits mature, and generally show a trend of first rising and then falling. Among them, the activity ofβ-GAL changes in the early post-harvest period, which is earlier than the change of PG and PME, and it may have a greater impact on fruit softening than the other enzymes. Activities of all kinds of enzymes are regulated by genes. It is helpful to clarify the molecular mechanism of fruit softening by studying the expression of related genes and the activity changes of various pectinases. Several genes re-lated to pectinase have been reported. For PME, 71 genes have been found in peach. The expression of Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600 and Solyc12g098340 increased at maturity, which may be related to softening of tomato. PG genes are classified into 3 major clades by phylogenetic analysis and each clade contains PG genes that involved in fruit softening. Exogenous ethylene and 1-MCP mainly regu-late the enzyme activity by affecting the expression of PG genes, which in turn affects the ripening and softening of fruits. The SlPLis involved in the ripening and softening of tomato and silencing it can in-hibit the expression of genes related to cell wall degradation and slow down the fruit softening. There are many expression patterns ofβ-GAL gene, some of which have high expression level at maturity, some have high expression level at fruit development, while others always maintain a low level. In gen-eral, PME genes are up-regulated during cold storage and highly expressed when the fruit is ripe. PG genes are mainly expressed at maturity, and the gene expression level increases first and then decreases with fruit maturation. The change in gene expression level is consistent with the change in PG enzyme activity. PL genes are mainly expressed before fruit ripening and softening, and some members show high levels of expression at the end of ripening. Most of theβ-GAL genes are expressed at the begin-ning of ripening and early fruit softening. Studying the relationship between fruit softening and cell wall pectin degradation and revealing its mechanism will contribute to the formulation of postharvest fruit preservation strategies so as to prolong fruit shelf life and maintain good fruit quality and commer-ciality. In this paper, the composition and molecular structure of pectin in plants are summarized accord-ing to the latest research progress at home and abroad, and the degradation of pectin in cell wall during the softening process is introduced. At the same time, the mechanisms of pectin degradation and fruit softening are revealed from pectin degradation, pectinase activity and the expression level of related genes.

随着中国经济的不断发展,人们的生活质量不断提升,对园林施工建设也提出了更多要求.为了响应国家节能环保政策,在园林施工过程中应当应用节能型技术.本文概述了主动式和被动式节能技术,并介绍了园林施工中节能型技术的应用情况,以期为加快该技术的应用提供参考.

地被植物是城市绿化中非常重要的指标之一，对于提升绿地景观有着显著的作用，在保护生态环境、维护生态平衡中也有明显的意义。为了优化园林绿化效果，介绍了地被植物的优势，详细阐述了地被植物在园林绿化当中的应用原则，以供参考。

当前,我国生态环境受到严重破坏,主要原因是资源开采过度,相关政府部门越来越重视环境建设问题,其中在环境建设过程中占据主要地位的是生态修复技术.本文探讨了在现代园林艺术中最常应用的生态修复技术,以及在现代园林艺术中有效应用生态修复技术的措施.

主要探讨了传统园林艺术风格形成的影响因素,包括客观因素与主观因素,以期中国传统园林得到更好的发展.

阐述了临沂湿地公园植物的功能性选择及配置的原则和具体方法。介绍了临沂湿地基本情况和湿地公园规划,对临沂的适生湿地植物品种加以分析,并对湿地公园不同功能区的植物选择与合理配置进行了一些粗浅的研究。