Background:There has been a growing body of research focusing on patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the optimal blood pressure (BP) level for such patients remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to investigate the associations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and in-hospital mortality among ICU patients with both CHF and COPD. Methods:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 6309 patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. SBP was examined as both a continuous and categorical variable, with the primary outcome being in-hospital mortality. The investigation involved multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression, and subgroup analysis to determine the relationship between SBP and mortality. Results:The cohort consisted of 6309 patients with concurrent CHF and COPD (3246 females and 3063 males), with an average age of 73.0 ± 12.5 years. The multivariate analysis revealed an inverse association between SBP and in-hospital mortality, both as a continuous variable (odds ratio = 0.99 [95% CI, 0.99~1]) and as a categorical variable (divided into quintiles). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated an L-shaped relationship between SBP and mortality risk (P nonlinearity < 0.001), with an inflection point at 99.479 mmHg. Stratified analyses further supported the robustness of this correlation. Conclusion:The relationship between SBP and in-hospital mortality in patients with both CHF and COPD follows an L-shaped pattern, with an inflection point at approximately 99.479 mmHg.

Abstract Aims Serum calcium level is widely used for evaluating disease severity, but its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality in CHF patients. Methods and results We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database, encompassing a cohort of 15 983 CHF patients. This cohort was stratified based on their serum calcium levels, with the primary objective being the determination of in‐hospital mortality. To assess the impact of admission serum calcium levels on in‐hospital mortality, we employed various statistical methodologies, including multivariable logistic regression models, a generalized additive model, a two‐piecewise linear regression model, and subgroup analysis. Comparative analysis of the reference group (Q3) revealed increased in‐hospital mortality in the first quintile (Q1, the group with the lowest blood calcium level) and the fifth quintile (Q5, the group with the highest blood calcium level), with fully adjusted odds ratios of 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.68, P = 0.002] and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01–1.5, P = 0.038), respectively. A U‐shaped relationship was observed between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality, with the lowest risk occurring at a threshold of 8.35 mg/dL. The effect sizes and corresponding CIs below and above this threshold were 0.782 (95% CI: 0.667–0.915, P = 0.0023) and 1.147 (95% CI: 1.034–1.273, P = 0.0094), respectively. Stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Conclusions Our study identifies a U‐shaped association between serum calcium levels and in‐hospital mortality in CHF patients, with a notable inflection point at 8.35 mg/dL. Further investigation through prospective, randomized, and controlled studies is warranted to validate the findings presented in this study.

Background: Research exploring the link between dietary riboflavin intake and cognitive decline in this demographic is limited. Our aim was to examine the association between riboflavin intake levels and cognitive decline. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2014 were utilized in this cross-sectional analysis. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease test Word Learning delayed recall trial (DR), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Animal Fluency Test(AFT) and Z test were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline and subgroup analysis were performed to evaluate the associations between riboflavin intake and cognitive decline. Results: The study included a total of 2255 patients, with 47.9% being male. The incidence of cognitive decline was 23.8%. After adjusting for all selected covariates, we found that high riboflavin intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment in adults in the United States. When riboflavin intake was used as a Categorical variable, compared to those with the lowest intake, the odds ratio (OR) of individuals with the highest riboflavin intake for DR test, AFT test, DSST test and Z test were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.53 similar to 1), 0.68(95% CI: 0.49-0.96),0.53(95% CI: 0.37-0.77) and 0.56(95% CI: 0.39-0.8). The study also found an L-shaped association between riboflavin intake and cognitive decline, with an inflection point at approximately 2.984 mg/d. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional study in a nationwide sample of American old adults suggests that dietary riboflavin intake was negative associated with cognitive decline.

Serum calcium level is widely used for evaluating disease severity, but its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in CHF patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database, encompassing a cohort of 15 983 CHF patients. This cohort was stratified based on their serum calcium levels, with the primary objective being the determination of in-hospital mortality. To assess the impact of admission serum calcium levels on in-hospital mortality, we employed various statistical methodologies, including multivariable logistic regression models, a generalized additive model, a two-piecewise linear regression model, and subgroup analysis. Comparative analysis of the reference group (Q3) revealed increased in-hospital mortality in the first quintile (Q1, the group with the lowest blood calcium level) and the fifth quintile (Q5, the group with the highest blood calcium level), with fully adjusted odds ratios of 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.68, P  = 0.002] and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01–1.5, P  = 0.038), respectively. A U-shaped relationship was observed between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality, with the lowest risk occurring at a threshold of 8.35 mg/dL. The effect sizes and corresponding CIs below and above this threshold were 0.782 (95% CI: 0.667–0.915, P  = 0.0023) and 1.147 (95% CI: 1.034–1.273, P  = 0.0094), respectively. Stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Our study identifies a U-shaped association between serum calcium levels and in-hospital mortality in CHF patients, with a notable inflection point at 8.35 mg/dL. Further investigation through prospective, randomized, and controlled studies is warranted to validate the findings presented in this study.

Background and objectives: The presence of substantial evidence regarding the association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive impairment among the elderly remains limited, with inconsistent findings. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the aforementioned relationship, utilizing data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 2255 participants aged >= 60 years from NHANES 2011-2014.The assessment of dietary niacin intake was conducted through two 24-hour dietary recalls, while cognitive function was evaluated using a battery of five tests. Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) was utilized to investigate the association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the primary findings. Results: A total of 2255 old adults were included in this study, of whom 47.9% were male. In the fully adjusted model, we observed a significant inverse association between dietary niacin intake and cognitive decline [as a quartile variable, Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR):0.5 and 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.35 similar to 0.72), p < 0.001; as a continuous variable, per 1 mg/day increment, OR (95%CI):0.97(0.95 similar to 0.98), p < 0.001].The smooth curve fitting results revealed that A linear relationship was found between niacin intake and cognitive impairment in elderly people. The results of the sensitivity analysis remained stable. Conclusions: Dietary niacin intakes might be inversely associated with the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Further research is required to confirm this association. (c) 2024 Sociedad Espanola de Psiquiatr & iacute;a y Salud Mental. Published by Elsevier Espa & ntilde;a, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Background Prior studies have established a connection between folate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been introduced as a good predictor of CVD events, but no previous study has investigated the relationship between dietary folate intake and severe AAC. Therefore, the study aims to explore the association between dietary folate intake and severe AAC in the United States (US) middle-aged and elderly population. Methods This study employed cross-sectional data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between dietary folate intake and severe AAC. Two 24-h dietary recall interviews were conducted to assess dietary folate intake and its sources, while a DXA scan was used to determine the AAC score. To analyze the association between dietary folate intake and severe AAC, a multivariable logistic regression model was applied, and a subgroup analysis was performed. Results Our analysis utilized data from 2640 participants aged 40 years and above, including 288 individuals diagnosed with severe AAC. After adjusting for confounding factors, we observed an inverted L-shaped association between folate intake and severe AAC. Upon further adjustment for specific confounding factors and covariates, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of folate intake, using the first quartile as the reference, were as follows: 1.24 (0.86-1.79), 0.86 (0.58-1.27), and 0.63 (0.41-0.97), respectively. Subgroup analysis results were consistent with the logistic regression models, indicating concordant findings. Moreover, no significant interaction was observed in the subgroup analyses. Conclusions The study findings suggest an inverted L-shaped association between dietary folate intake and severe AAC. However, additional prospective investigations are necessary to explore the impact of dietary folate intake on severe AAC in patients.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) demonstrates a heightened prevalence in individuals with diabetes mellitus within Intensive Care Units. The occurrence of abnormal chloride levels is frequently observed in critically ill patients, yet its clinical significance remains subject to debate. This study endeavors to explore the relationship between serum chloride levels and in-hospital mortality among patients affected by both congestive heart failure and diabetes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, utilizing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database, focusing on adult patients in the United States. The impact of serum chloride levels upon ICU admission on in-hospital mortality was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models, generalized additive models and subgroup analysis. The study encompassed 7,063 patients with coexisting diabetes and congestive heart failure. The fully adjusted model revealed an inverse association between serum chloride levels and in-hospital mortality. As a tertile variable (Q3 vs Q1), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 with a 95

Abstract Background Despite extensive evidence linking heart rate (HR) to the risk of all-cause mortality, little attention has been given to exploring this association in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to assess the relationship between HR and in-hospital mortality in CHF patients using data from a large clinical population-based sample. Methods This retrospective observational study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database to extract all relevant data. In-hospital mortality served as the primary outcome measure. Data analyses involved restricted cubic spline regression, piecewise logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression models. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to examine the robustness of the main findings. Results The study included 15,983 participants with CHF, aged 72.9 ± 13.4 years. After adjusting for all factors, with each unit increase in HR, there was a 1% risk increase of patient death (95% confidence interval: 1.01 ~ 1.01, P < 0.001). Compared with individuals with HR Q2 (72–81 beats per minute (bpm) ), the adjusted OR values for HR and in-hospital mortality in Q1 (≤ 72 bpm), Q3 (81–93 bpm), and Q4 (＞93 bpm) were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.99 ~ 1.41, p = 0.07), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04 ~ 1.47, p = 0.014), and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.39 ~ 1.94, p < 0.001), respectively. A dose-response relationship revealed an J-shaped curve between HR and the risk of in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point at approximately 76 bpm. Stratified analyses confirmed the robustness of this correlation. Conclusions In patients with CHF, there exists a J-shaped relationship between heart rate and in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point at 76 bpm. Nonetheless, further investigation through large randomized controlled trials is warranted in the future.

Abstract Background Research investigating the correlation between dietary riboflavin intake and cognitive function in older adults is scarce and constrained. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between riboflavin intake levels and cognitive performance in individuals aged 60 years and above in the United States.Methods We analyzed data from 2,255 adults aged 60 years and older who participated in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Animal Fluency Test were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method, which reflects recent dietary habits of individuals and groups. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between riboflavin intake and cognitive impairment, and restricted cubic spline analysis was also conducted.Results The study included a total of 2,255 patients, with 47.9% being male. The incidence of low cognitive function was 23.8%. The findings showed that high riboflavin intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment in adults in the United States. Compared to those with the lowest intake, individuals with the highest riboflavin intake had a 32% reduction in the correlation between AFT, DSST, and Z-test low cognitive function (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.96, P = 0.028), a 47% reduction in the correlation between DSST low cognitive function (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.77, P = 0.001), and a 44% reduction in the correlation between Z-test low cognitive function (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.8, P = 0.002). The study also found an L-shaped association between low cognition and riboflavin intake, with an inflection point at approximately 2.984 mg/d.Conclusions Our cross-sectional study supported the negative associations of dietary riboflavin intake with low cognitive function, also showed a L-shaped dose–response relationship with the point of 2.984mg/day.

Although the past decade has witnessed unprecedented medical advances, achieving rapid and effective hemostasis remains challenging. Uncontrolled bleeding and wound infections continue to plague healthcare providers, increasing the risk of death. Various types of hemostatic materials are nowadays used during clinical practice but have many limitations, including poor biocompatibility, toxicity and biodegradability. Recently, there has been a burgeoning interest in organisms that stick to objects or produce sticky substances. Indeed, applying biological adhesion properties to hemostatic materials remains an interesting approach. This paper reviews the biological behavior, bionics, and mechanisms related to hemostasis. Furthermore, this paper covers the benefits, challenges and prospects of biomimetic hemostatic materials.

AimThis study aimed to investigate changes in vitamin E intake in older adults with low cognitive performance using NHANES.FindingsAn increased dietary intake of vitamin E has been associated with decreased cognitive impairment in individuals over 60 years old. The dose-response curve showed an L-shaped association between dietary vitamin E intake and cognitive decline in US adults, with an inflection point of approximately 9.296 mg/day.MessageThese findings highlight the importance of including vitamin E-rich foods in the diet, particularly for older adults who may be at a higher risk of cognitive impairment. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and to better understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between vitamin E and cognitive function. PurposeNumerous studies have reported that vitamin E plays a key role in nervous system development and neurotransmitter production. This study aimed to investigate changes in vitamin E intake in older adults with low cognitive performance using NHANES.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined a sample of 2255 American adults aged 60 and over between 2011 and 2014. We collected dietary data by averaging two recalls for dietary use to determine vitamin E intake. We assessed cognitive function using five tests and analyzed the association between these variables using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 2255 participants aged >= 60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the 2011-2014 cycle were included in the analysis. Vitamin E intake was negatively associated with cognitive function. In the Z test, with each 1 mg/day increase in dietary intake of vitamin E, there was a 6% decrease in the correlation with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97) in the fully fitted model (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97). These findings remained consistent when analyzing the exposure as a categorical variable. In comparison to Q1, Q4 showed a 53% reduction in the incidence of cognitive impairment in the Z test (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.33-0.67).No significant statistical interaction between the variables was found.ConclusionAn increased dietary intake of vitamin E has been associated with decreased cognitive impairment in individuals over 60 years old. The dose-response curve showed an L-shaped association between dietary vitamin E intake and cognitive decline in US adults, with an inflection point of approximately 9.296 mg/day.

Abstract Background Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time and the exposure to this element has been linked to abdominal aorta calcification. Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to be associated with vascular calcification risk. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the effect modification of vitamin D on the association between Cadmium and risk of AAC. Method The cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. By having stratified participants based on Serum Vitamin D category (low Serum Vitamin D <70.65 nmol/L; high Serum Vitamin D: ≥70.65 nmol/L), we further evaluated the difference (interaction test) between the relationship of Cadmium with the risk of AAC among low Serum Vitamin D participants and high Serum Vitamin D participants using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results The sample analyzed in this study consisted of 846 participants aged ≥40 years, with 422 participants having serum vitamin D levels below 70.65 nmol/L and 424 participants having levels above 70.65 nmol/L. Our findings show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of AAC also increased significantly in the high serum vitamin D group (p=0.002), indicating a significant interaction between serum vitamin D, cadmium, and AAC occurrence (p-value for probability ratio test=0.005). However, in the low serum vitamin D group, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.197). Sensitivity analysis indicated that our results remained stable after excluding imputed data. Furthermore, our results show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of severe AAC was significantly higher in the high serum vitamin D group (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.17-10.55, p=0.025). Conclusion The results of our study indicated that Serum Vitamin D might affect the association of Cadmium with the risk of AAC. More randomized controlled trials are required to further support this finding.

Abstract Introduction: With mounting evidence, there is a postulation that Hepatitis B Infection may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been found to be significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerotic diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and abdominal aortic calcification. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted during 2013–2014 were utilized to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC. The study used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure AAC and evaluated it using the Kauppila score system. The variable LBXHBC of the NHANES dataset was reviewed to identify patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. To assess the association between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC, multivariate logistic regression mixed models and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: The 2013–2014 data showed documentation of 288 patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. After adjusting for multiple variables, the multivariable odds ratios (95% CI) revealed that severe AAC was correlated with Hepatitis B infection (OR = 1.52, 95%CI [1 ~ 2.3]; p = 0.05), as opposed to the no Hepatitis B group. However, this association was not observed among individuals with mild AAC (OR = 1.22, 95%CI [0.9 ~ 1.65]; p = 0.205). Results were consistent in multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Individuals who tested positive for Hepatitis B core antibody had a higher likelihood of severe AAC compared to those who tested negative, while no significant association was observed among individuals with mild AAC.

BackgroundNumerous studies indicate a potential bidirectional association between dietary choline intake and its derivative, betaine, and subclinical atherosclerosis. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between dietary choline and severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC).MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed population-based data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). Choline intake and food sources were measured using two 24-h dietary-recall interviews. The abdominal aortic calcification score was measured using a dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry scan. To assess the relationship between choline intake and SAAC, the study utilized restricted cubic spline and a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsAmong the 2640 individuals included in the study, 10.9% had SAAC. After adjusting for all selected covariates, compared with the lowest quartile of dietary choline, the odds ratios of SAAC for the second-quartile, third-quartile, and fourth-quartile dietary choline intake were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.93), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.94), and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.5-1.16), respectively. The study found an L-shaped relationship between dietary choline and SAAC in the dose-response analysis. Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate any statistically significant interaction effects for any subgroup.ConclusionThe study found that a higher intake of dietary choline is associated with a lower prevalence of SAAC. The dose-response analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship between dietary choline and SAAC. However, further studies are warranted to investigate the direct role of choline in the development of SAAC.

Abstract Introduction: With mounting evidence, there is a postulation that Hepatitis B Infection may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been found to be significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerotic diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and abdominal aortic calcification. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted during 2013–2014 were utilized to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC. The study used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure AAC and evaluated it using the Kauppila score system. The variable LBXHBC of the NHANES dataset was reviewed to identify patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. To assess the association between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC, multivariate logistic regression mixed models and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: The 2013–2014 data showed documentation of 288 patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. After adjusting for multiple variables, the multivariable odds ratios (95% CI) revealed that severe AAC was correlated with Hepatitis B infection (OR = 1.52, 95%CI [1 ~ 2.3]; p = 0.05), as opposed to the no Hepatitis B group. However, this association was not observed among individuals with mild AAC (OR = 1.22, 95%CI [0.9 ~ 1.65]; p = 0.205). Results were consistent in multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Individuals who tested positive for Hepatitis B core antibody had a higher likelihood of severe AAC compared to those who tested negative, while no significant association was observed among individuals with mild AAC.

Abstract Background Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time and the exposure to this element has been linked to abdominal aorta calcification. Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to be associated with vascular calcification risk. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the effect modification of vitamin D on the association between Cadmium and risk of AAC. Method The cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. By having stratified participants based on Serum Vitamin D category (low Serum Vitamin D <70.65 nmol/L; high Serum Vitamin D: ≥70.65 nmol/L), we further evaluated the difference (interaction test) between the relationship of Cadmium with the risk of AAC among low Serum Vitamin D participants and high Serum Vitamin D participants using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results The sample analyzed in this study consisted of 846 participants aged ≥40 years, with 422 participants having serum vitamin D levels below 70.65 nmol/L and 424 participants having levels above 70.65 nmol/L. Our findings show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of AAC also increased significantly in the high serum vitamin D group (p=0.002), indicating a significant interaction between serum vitamin D, cadmium, and AAC occurrence (p-value for probability ratio test=0.005). However, in the low serum vitamin D group, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.197). Sensitivity analysis indicated that our results remained stable after excluding imputed data. Furthermore, our results show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of severe AAC was significantly higher in the high serum vitamin D group (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.17-10.55, p=0.025). Conclusion The results of our study indicated that Serum Vitamin D might affect the association of Cadmium with the risk of AAC. More randomized controlled trials are required to further support this finding.

The byproducts of bacterial fermentation known as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are chemically comprised of a carboxylic acid component and a short hydrocarbon chain. Recent investigations have demonstrated that SCFAs can affect intestinal immunity by inducing endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) and their beneficial effects on barrier integrity, gut health, energy supply, and inflammation. HDPs, which include defensins, cathelicidins, and C-type lectins, perform a significant function in innate immunity in gastrointestinal mucosal membranes. SCFAs have been demonstrated to stimulate HDP synthesis by intestinal epithelial cells via interactions with G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), activation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, and the cell growth pathways. Furthermore, SCFA butyrate has been demonstrated to enhance the number of HDPs released from macrophages. SCFAs promote monocyte-to-macrophage development and stimulate HDP synthesis in macrophages by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). Understanding the etiology of many common disorders might be facilitated by studies into the function of microbial metabolites, such as SCFAs, in the molecular regulatory processes of immune responses (e.g., HDP production). This review will focus on the current knowledge of the role and mechanism of microbiota-derived SCFAs in influencing the synthesis of host-derived peptides, particularly HDPs.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between dietary folate intake and low cognitive performance in older adults.METHODS:In this cross-sectional observational study, 2011-2014 data from the 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including 2,524 adults aged 60 years and older, included 24-hour dietary intakes. Total folic acid intake was calculated as the sum of folic acid supplements and dietary folic acid. Cognitive function was assessed using three tests. The association between folate intake and cognitive function was assessed using a multivariate conditional logistic regression model.RESULTS:2524 participants from two survey cycles (2011-2014) in the NHANES aged 60 years and over. In the multivariate logistic regression, the OR of developing folate was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94∼0.98) in participants with Z test. Folate intake was negatively associated with cognitive function. Compared with Q1, Q4(≥ 616.3mg/day) in the AFT and DSST tests reduced the risk of cognitive impairment by 31% (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.93) and 44% (OR = 0.56). 95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.7). In the comprehensive evaluation of IR and AFT scores, the association between dietary folate intake and low cognitive performance in US adults is linear. We also found a significant interaction between gender and cognitive ability (P value for the interaction was 0.021).CONCLUSIONS:Dietary intake of folic acid may be inversely associated with cognitive impairment. The DSST study found an L-shaped association between dietary folate intake and cognitive decline in US adults, with an inflection point of approximately 510,383 mg/day.

PurposeHelicobacter pylori infection is a well-established etiological factor for gastric inflammation and a significant risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. However, the precise relationship between dietary zinc intake and seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori remains uncertain.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study utilized data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2000. The study cohort comprised 2,884 adults aged 20 years or older who provided comprehensive 24-h dietary recall data. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed using serum analysis and lgG protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariable logistic regression models and generalized additive model (GAM) were employed to explore the potential association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity.ResultsAdditionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary findings. Of the 1,281 participants, 47.8% were male and the average age was 49.5 years. In the fully adjusted model, a statistically significant inverse association between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was observed [quartile variable, Q4 vs. Q1, odds ratio (OR): 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.91, p = 0.007]. Furthermore, the relationship between dietary zinc intake and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity exhibited an L-shaped pattern, indicating a saturation effect. The results of sensitivity analysis remained consistent and reliable.ConclusionTherefore, this study suggests that higher dietary zinc intake may be associated with a lower prevalence of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity. Notably, this association follows an L-shaped pattern, with a threshold point estimated at 24.925 mg/day.

ObjectiveThe progress of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer has been stagnant. There has been much progress in immunotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer, but the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer have not yet been definitively demonstrated.MethodsOriginal articles describing the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable locally advanced esophagus published until July 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to conduct heterogeneity and subgroup analysis.ResultsIn total, 759 patients from 21 studies were enrolled. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated using the major pathologic response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (PCR). In the enrolled patients, 677 were treated surgically and 664 achieved R0 resection. Major pathological remission was achieved in 52.0% (95% CI: 0.44–0.57) of patients on neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and complete pathological remission in 29.5% (95% CI: 0.25–0.32) of patients. The safety was primarily assessed by the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and surgical resection rates. The incidence of TRAEs and the surgical resection rate combined ORs were 0.15 (95% CI: 0.09–0.22) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83–0.89), respectively.ConclusionNeoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer is effective and safe.