Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern, but their spatiotemporal accumulation patterns in coastal environments remain insufficiently understood. Here, we analyzed 24 PhACs in surface sediments and down cores collected from Shenzhen Bay to trace their residual fate along land-to-sea transport pathways. PhACs exhibited decreasing concentrations from the estuary to offshore and were continuously buried into deeper sediment layers, reaching up to 199.31 ng g-1 dry weight. Along the transport pathway, degradation processes affecting multiple PhACs were observed in addition to dilution. We fractionated the surface sediments by grain size for PhAC analysis and found that PhACs were preferentially enriched in the coarse fraction (>20 μm). Based on the observed grain-size patterns and supporting evidence from previous studies, we propose a conceptual framework for the residual accumulation of PhACs in coastal bays. Furthermore, we conducted 210Pb dating of the sediment cores and found that vertical PhAC trends can reflect documented local socio-economic transitions (e.g., population growth and aquaculture). Finally, we established the sedimentary fluxes of the 24 target PhACs and estimated that the cumulative sedimentary inventory of these compounds in the inner bay reached approximately 13.51 ± 4.05 tons over the past 60 years.

While the variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent has been widely studied, its counterpart, the North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent, remains poorly understood. Using RG Argo and OISST data from 2004 to 2024, we investigate the mean state, seasonal and decadal-scale variability of the North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent and its associated Subtropical Front, and their dynamical linkage to the North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water. The North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent/Front is located within 70 degrees-46 degrees W and 24 degrees-34 degrees N, from surface to 150 m depth. The meridional section of potential density across the North Atlantic Subtropical Front exhibits a wedge-shaped vertical pattern, characterized by northward deepening of the lower pycnocline and shoaling of the upper pycnocline, resulting from the North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water intrusion. Through the thermal wind relation, the northward shoaling of the upper pycnocline induces eastward shear, giving rise to the North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent and Front. The North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water peaks in April, while the North Atlantic Subtropical Front peaks in May, indicating a 1-month lag in the front's response to the mode water change. The North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water and North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent/Front exhibit synchronous decadal-scale change, with the mode water further modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation. This study systematically illustrates the dynamic linkage between the North Atlantic Subtropical Countercurrent/Front and North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water, offering a new mechanistic framework for understanding how subsurface mode-water variability regulates upper-ocean circulation and air-sea coupling, thereby influencing climate variability in the North Atlantic.

Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers are key archaeal lipids widely applied in biogeochemistry. Compounds with zero cyclopentane rings and those with four cyclopentane and one cyclohexane ring dominate in marine sediments and are crucial for investigating archaeal evolution and adaptation. However, the mechanisms regulating their distribution patterns remain unclear. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to examine their structural properties under increasing temperatures and find that temperature-dependent behaviors govern their global spatial distributions. Consistent distribution patterns across different geological epochs, revealed by thousands of geochemical records, suggest that Earth's temperature may have constrained long-term temporal trends of archaeal lipids. Reinforcement learning results further show that average atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since the Late Jurassic are closely associated with these two archaeal lipid distribution patterns, enabling predictions for more ancient sedimentary records, which can benefit for understanding the long-term adaptation strategy for the evolutionary and ecological significance of archaea.

The North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) is a vertically homogeneous water mass located between the seasonal and permanent thermoclines in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean. It plays a critical role in oceanic heat and carbon storage, significant for understanding climate change. However, coarse-resolution models tend to overestimate NPSTMW formation compared to observations. In this study, we show that the observed NPSTMW formation is well reproduced by a 1/308 submesoscale-permitting Ocean General Circulation Model. Our findings reveal that submesoscale restratification significantly reduces NPSTMW formation. During late winter to early spring}when wintertime convective cooling deepens the mixed layer to its annual maximum}submesoscale effects associated with mixed layer instability (MLI) are mostly energetic. The MLI induces surface buoyancy gain, shallowing the mixed layer, narrowing the outcrop zone, and reducing the ventilation time of NPSTMW. Additionally, submesoscale effects indirectly reduce the NPSTMW formation by modulating the large-scale deep mixed layer pattern in the Kuroshio Extension region. These results underscore the importance of incorporating submesoscale effects for an accurate estimation of the NPSTMW formation, with broader implications for improving climate models.

Identifying tsunamis and determining inundation extent is critical for coastal hazard assessment. We identify potential tsunami deposits in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area that occurred in 1555 +/- 135 CE using a multidisciplinary approach. The inverted C-14 ages of organic matter in sediments, consistent dating of shells, and increased coarse-grained content imply that a rapid, high-energy event occurred in the Greater Bay Area. The presence of shell fossils, bimodal grain size distributions, the absence of laminar textures, and an increased concentration of the marine-derived biomarker brassicasterol in the sediment sequence collectively suggest that these sediments are likely deposits from a tsunami. Tsunami simulations further indicate that larger earthquakes from the Manila Trench could be responsible for this tsunami in the Greater Bay Area. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that tsunamis may be a critical natural hazard concern for the densely populated Greater Bay Area.

There is growing interest in developing and using ecosystem simulation models to advise fisheries management in the Southern Ocean. However, poor understanding of the impacts of uncertainty in ecosystem model parameters slows down progress towards operational ecosystem models. To address this issue, we explored uncertainty in the parameters estimated during the calibration of an OSMOSE ecosystem model for the Cooperation Sea ("OSMOSE-CooperationSea") and the impacts of this uncertainty. Our investigations pertained to four types of calibrated parameters: (1) Plank.access, the proportion of the biomass of background species groups available to focal species groups; (2) Bioflux, the parameter controlling the flux of migratory species group biomasses across the modelled domain boundaries; (3) Mlarval, the instantaneous larval mortality of the focal species groups; and (4) Mnatural, the additional natural mortality of the focal species groups. Results with the Morris method suggested that the community in the Cooperation Sea was most sensitive to changes in the Mlarval parameter of mesopelagic fishes. The biomasses of large-size, long-lived species such as toothfishes, Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), seals, and whales were most sensitive to the parameters specific to these species groups. By contrast, the biomasses of small-sized, short-lived species such as mesopelagic fishes and krill species were most sensitive to changes in the parameters specific to the predators of these species groups. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that community dynamics were more sensitive to the Mlarvaland Mnatural parameters than to the Plank.access and Bioflux parameters. After gradually increasing the Mlarvalor Mnatural parameter, the biomasses of Adelie penguin, seals and whales decreased, while the biomasses of mesopelagic fishes and Antarctic krill increased. By providing a comprehensive analysis of uncertainty in the parameters estimated during the calibration process, the present study represents an important step towards an operational ecosystem model for supporting ecosystem-based management in the Cooperation Sea. The present study will serve as a valuable basis for similar ecosystem modelling efforts in the Southern Ocean.

The hydrothermal system annually releases a significant amount of gases into the ocean, serving as a crucial factor influencing marine chemical composition and material cycling. The western Pacific region boasts abundant hydrothermal activities, characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in hydrothermal fluids due to the interplay of subduction processes and substantial terrestrial input. Such characteristics are scarcely observed in other global hydrothermal regions. However, as of now, there exists no convincingly established dataset for the quantification of carbon dioxide, methane, and other components released through the hydrothermal system in the western Pacific Ocean. In this study, we conducted comprehensive in situ exploration at the Yokosuka hydrothermal field in the western Pacific during the open research cruise NORC2021-582 implemented by R/V "Dongfanghong 3". In situ Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine the gas composition concentrations of fluids in both the hydrothermal diffuse flow area and the focused flow area. Fluid flow velocities from different vents and the areas of different types of hydrothermal eruption zones were quantified using a turbine flowmeter, high-definition video analysis, and ultra-short baseline positioning techniques. Ultimately, the gas fluxes of CH4, CO2, and H2S in the Yokosuka hydrothermal field were quantitatively assessed as 1.8 x 108 to 2.5 x 109, 2.8 x 109 to 3.8 x 1010, and 2.0 x 108 to 2.7 x 109 mol/year, respectively, and the heat flux was estimated at 1.7 x 1010 to 2.1 x 1011 MJ/year. Notably, the gas and heat fluxes from the diffuse flow area accounted for more than 80-90 % of the total volatile and thermal output across the hydrothermal field, clearly dominating the mass and energy transfer to the surrounding seawater and playing a pivotal role in sustaining the hydrothermal ecosystem. Hydrodynamic analysis reveals that under the influence of hydrothermal plumes, the Yokosuka hydrothermal field experiences a higher turbulent kinetic dissipation rate in the deep region, specifically between approximately 1600 to 1900 m, peaking at 10-5 W/kg. In the surface and intermediate layers of the hydrothermal area, the Kuroshio Current transports Yokosuka hydrothermal materials northeastward, while its impact on material transport in the deep water is relatively minor.

Hydrodynamic sorting processes control the transport of marine sediments in benthic environments of marginal seas, affecting the distribution of associated microbes and organic carbon (OC) composition in marine sediments. However, microbial characteristics variations and their impacts on OC stability during hydrodynamic sorting processes remain insufficiently understood. Here, we analyzed the concentrations and carbon isotopes of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), and conducted the thermal stability analysis on OC in grain‐size fractionated sediments retrieved along the classical transport pathway from the Yellow River delta to the Yellow Sea. We find that the relative abundance of anaerobic bacterial PLFAs has positive correlations with the proportion of pre‐aged OC and negative correlations with the proportion of refractory OC compounds, and bioavailable OC become more limited along the transport pathway. We suggest that the decreasing refractory OC and the increasing pre‐aged OC may facilitate the increasing abundance of anaerobic bacteria, and the metabolism of microbes can utilize the refractory OC during resuspension of marine sediments. The metabolism of microbes attached to resuspension sediments may produce by‐products including pre‐aged OC, which may promote the pre‐aged OC burial in benthic environments, with important environmental implications such as carbon sequestration in marginal seas sediments.

Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) have been widely used as important biomarkers in palaeoceanographic studies. However, the commonly used LCAs proxies are mainly based on C37 alkenones, and it is still lack of the studies about the distribution and indications of LCAs with different chain lengths other than C37 alkenones. Here, the composition and distribution of LCAs were analyzed in surface sediments from the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and a sedimentary core (A02-C) from the central Yellow Sea (YS) mud area. The results showed that C37, C38 and C39 alkenones were the major LCAs in surface sediments of the SYS, and the relative contents of C38:2Et, C37:2Me, C37:3Me, C38:2Me, C38:3Et, C38:3Me, C39:2Et and C39:3Et were 18.3%-59.8%, 22.6%-41.2%, 7.4%-23.0%, 6.6%-15.4%, 3.8%-13.3%, 3.6%-8.7%, 2.8%-6.0% and 0.7%-3.0%, respectively. Then the relationships of U38MeK-U38EtK and U37K '-U38EtK indicate that LCAs are mainly derived from Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi). High ratios of total C37 alkenones to total C38 alkenones (K37/K38) (1-1.2) were found in the central SYS, corresponding to the relatively high abundance of E. huxleyi; while low ratios of K37/K38 (0.7-0.9) were observed at nearshore area of the SYS where Gephyrocapsa oceanica (G. oceanica) has relatively high abundance. The spatial distribution of K37/K38 ratio is also consistent with that of coccolithophores nannofossil in the sediments. In addition, K37/K38 ratio in core A02-C varied from 0.7 to 1.1 with a gradual decreasing trend during the past 5.5 kyr. This suggests that the relative abundance of E. huxleyi decreased gradually, caused by the changes in the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) during this period.

Fluorochemical manufacturing parks (FMPs) are important point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) emissions to the surrounding environment. With legacy PFASs being phased-out and restricted in developed countries, China has emerged as one of the world's leading producers of PFASs. However, the occurrence and distribution patterns of PFASs emitted from FMPs in China remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap may lead to an underestimation of the contribution of FMPs as a source of PFASs in the environment. In this study, we collected pertinent data from published studies of PFAS emissions from FMPs and explored the occurrence patterns and distribution characteristics of PFASs across various media, including surface water, groundwater, tap water, sediment, soil, air, dust, plants, and animals. Seventeen classes of PFASs containing 80 compounds were identified in different media around FMPs, with concentrations significantly greater than in other suspected PFAS-contaminated sites. Notably, the levels of ultra-short-chain and emerging PFASs in the areas surrounding some FMPs were comparable to those of legacy PFASs, highlighting an increasing prevalence for the use of PFAS alternatives. In terms of spatial distribution, there was a decline in the PFAS concentration in most environmental media as the distance from FMPs increased. In addition, the distribution patterns of PFASs were associated with PFAS characteristics, the properties of different media, migration pathways, and other relevant aspects. This information will provide valuable insights into the current contamination situation regarding PFASs surrounding FMPs and will have profound implications for the effective implementation of PFAS management at FMPs.

Understanding the fate of terrestrial organic carbon (terrOC) preservation in the marine environments is critical for deciphering the biogeochemical processes associated with the global carbon cycle and the Earth's climate change. The mechanisms controlling terrOC preservation are not completely understood, while lateral oxygen exposure time (OET) is considered as a critical controlling factor. Here, we first utilized molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural properties of lignin under anoxic, suboxic, and oxic conditions for understanding the mechanisms of terrOC preservation during sediment lateral transport in the ocean. Our finding suggested that oxygen exposure was indispensable for terrOC degradation through influencing the structural stability and reactivity of lignin. Our simulated results showed that in suboxic environments, prolonged OET may enhance terrOC preservation. Our organic geochemical results suggested that terrOC preferably preserved in coarse silts (20-63 mu m) than fine silts (<20 mu m) in suboxic environments, largely due to hydrodynamics-driven prolonged OET in coarse sediments, which may efficiently reduce CO2 emissions. Overall, our study sheds new light on the mechanisms of lateral OETs on terrOC preservation in suboxic conditions and, from a unique molecular structural perspective, provides insights into the impact of prolonged OETs on terrOC oxidative degradation in the marine environment.

Understanding Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) spatial distribution in natural environments is crucial due to their environmental persistence and potential bioaccumulation. However, limited research has investigated PFASs spatial distribution at a high resolution, especially in the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area. Here, we examined the composition and concentration of PFASs in 36 bulk surface sediments and grain -size fractionated sediments from 9 representative sites to determine the spatial distribution characteristics in Shenzhen Bay. We found that sigma PFASs decreased gradually from nearshore area to offshore area (0.680 and 0.297 ng g-1 dw, respectively). Furthermore, PFASs are easily adsorbed on fine-grained sediments, likely due to their chain length and hydrophobicity. We argue that the lateral movement of sediments may transport finegrained sediments associated with sigma PFASs out of the bay, resulting in the spatial difference in sigma PFASs in Shenzhen Bay. Our findings provide important insights into explore the mechanisms associated with preservation and transport of PFASs.

Marginal seas play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, contributing approximately 20% of the net CO2 uptake by the world's oceans. The North Yellow Sea (NYS), a semi-enclosed marginal sea in the western Pacific Ocean, serves as a significant carbon sink influenced by factors such as sea level changes, monsoon dynamics, ocean currents, and El Ni & ntilde;o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity. This study examines a 538 cm-long sediment core W03 from the NYS (10.3 kyr BP to present). We analyzed Organic Carbon (OC) proxies, including total organic carbon (TOC), the stable carbon isotope (delta C-13) of TOC, total nitrogen (TN) and marine-produced lipid biomarkers. Our findings demonstrate a strong correlation between OC burial and sea-level fluctuations during the early Holocene, driven by the exposure of the continental shelf. During the mid-Holocene, the intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current increased salinity and temperature conditions and nutrient levels of sea water, thereby enhancing marine OC burial. Over the last 3.3 kyr BP, ENSO variability and intensified East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) strengthened the coastal currents, contributing to better OC preservation. Additionally, human activities on the surrounding mainland increased terrestrial input, altering the OC burial. The heightened activity of the Kuroshio Current also introduced more saline and warm water masses into the NYS, impacting phytoplankton productivity and community structure, as indicated by increased C-37 alkenones. This study highlights the complex interplay of geological factors in OC burial processes within the NYS, providing valuable insights into OC dynamics in marginal seas under the impact of global change.

AbstractThere is evidence that sedimentary organic matter is prone to lateral transport under hydrodynamic processes before its final deposition on the seafloor, restricting the applicability of molecular proxies. In this study, we examine the abundances of marine and terrestrial biomarkers in bulk and the grain‐size fractionated samples (<20, 20–63, and >63 μm fractions) from surface sediments in the South Yellow Sea to decipher the spatial influences of hydrodynamic processes on the biomarker distributions and molecule‐proxies' applications. Our results show that spatial deviations between proxies‐derived sea surface temperature (SST; the ′ and TEX86 indexes) and satellite‐derived annual mean SST may result from the lateral transportation of the alkenones and isoprenoid Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers driven by dominated nearshore coastal currents. We propose a spatial‐SST correction approach to obtain more accurate SST information by removing the hydrodynamically introduced SST bias. Our investigations imply that hydrodynamic processes could be an important factor for controlling the spatial distribution of biomarkers in the ocean, further influencing the applications of biomarker‐based proxies for paleo‐environmental reconstruction. We suggest that this investigation would shed new light on the biogeochemical dynamics of sedimentary organic carbon pump in the shallow ocean, particularly in the passive continental marginal seas with strong hydrodynamic conditions.

There is evidence that sedimentary organic matter is prone to lateral transport under hydrodynamic processes before its final deposition on the seafloor, restricting the applicability of molecular proxies. In this study, we examine the abundances of marine and terrestrial biomarkers in bulk and the grain-size fractionated samples (<20, 20-63, and >63 mu m fractions) from surface sediments in the South Yellow Sea to decipher the spatial influences of hydrodynamic processes on the biomarker distributions and molecule-proxies' applications. Our results show that spatial deviations between proxies-derived sea surface temperature (SST; the UK37K' and TEX86 indexes) and satellite-derived annual mean SST may result from the lateral transportation of the alkenones and isoprenoid Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers driven by dominated nearshore coastal currents. We propose a spatial-SST correction approach to obtain more accurate SST information by removing the hydrodynamically introduced SST bias. Our investigations imply that hydrodynamic processes could be an important factor for controlling the spatial distribution of biomarkers in the ocean, further influencing the applications of biomarker-based proxies for paleo-environmental reconstruction. We suggest that this investigation would shed new light on the biogeochemical dynamics of sedimentary organic carbon pump in the shallow ocean, particularly in the passive continental marginal seas with strong hydrodynamic conditions.

Cold seeps provide high environmental heterogeneity for marine benthos. Site F is one of the active cold seeps in the South China Sea. In this study, free-living marine nematode communities were investigated at Site F and the adjacent deep-sea area. A total of 67 genera and 32 families were identified. The mean density at cold seep sites ranged from 13.6 to 181.8 ind./10 cm2, and that at the adjacent deep-sea sites ranged from 36.9 to 301.4 ind./10 cm2. At cold seep sites, the most dominant nematode genera were Desmoscolex, Pierrickia, Sabatieria, Halalaimus, and Dorylaimopsis while at deep-sea sites, the most dominant genera were Retrotheristus, Thalassomonhystera, Desmoscolex, Cobbia, and Halalaimus. Deposit feeders of nematodes were dominant at all sites. Results of biological trait analysis showed that there was high environmental heterogeneity for nematodes at Site F. Water depth, sediment organic matter content, and sand proportion had important influences on nematode communities.

There is increasing attention to the use of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) and Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides). Understanding the responses of toothfish and other species to fishing activities favors the sustainable use of natural resources. We developed an end-to-end model OSMOSE-CooperationSea to simulate the food web dynamics in the Cooperation Sea and evaluate the impact of toothfish fishery. Fishes and cephalopods played important roles in the energy pathways from krill species and other zooplankton species to toothfish and Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) whose trophic levels were higher than 5.0. Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adéliae), Crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), and Baleen whales were strongly krill-reliant. The spawning stock of toothfish decreased more quickly than the recruitments with increasing fishing pressure. Fishing impacts on the recruitments of toothfish were hysteretic due to the fishing selectivity. The model considered an ontogenetic diet shift of toothfish that mesopelagic fish was influential to toothfish juveniles. The overexploitation of toothfish stock might result in a trophic cascade that mesopelagic fish biomass increased and krill biomass declined. Adélie penguin, Crabeater seal, and Baleen whales preyed on more small fishes in response to the decline of krill biomass. Considering the impacts of changes in Antarctic krill availability, the biomass of Adélie penguin, Crabeater seal, and Baleen whales declined with a heavy toothfish fishery. The study highlights the importance of precautionary and ecosystem-based management to toothfish fishery.

The ecological functions and biogeochemical processes of continental marginal seas are important for the global carbon cycle. In the eastern China marginal seas (ECMS), phytoplankton productivity has increased significantly in recent decades, but the sources and burial processes of marine organic carbon (OC) remain under-studied. We analyzed the contents of marine lipid biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol, and C 37 alkenones) in surface suspended particles obtained from seven cruises between 2010 and 2015, and in surface sediments from eight cruises between 2006 and 2012 in the ECMS, to estimate marine OC sources and burial. The correlations between lipid biomarkers and environmental factors were quantified to reveal controlling factors. The study area was divided into four regions according to cluster analysis conducted based on sediment parameters. Our results showed that the concentrations of marine lipid biomarkers in surface water were high near large estuaries such as the Changjiang River Estuary and the Yellow River Estuary, but those in surface sediments were high in mud areas. Nutrient concentration was a key factor controlling phytoplankton biomass in surface water, with high nutrients enhancing the growth of diatoms and dinoflagellates, while haptophytes were more abundant in low-nutrient, high-salinity and cold environments. High marine OC contents calculated from total OC δ 13 C were mainly associated with fine sediments transported by coastal currents, and finally deposited in mud areas. The proto-burial efficiency of marine OC in the ECMS (7–19%) was markedly higher than the mean value in global marginal seas, with high values being located in the western coast of the ECMS. The proto-burial efficiency of total marine lipid biomarkers (6–24%) was quantified for the first time in our study, with overall values and spatial patterns similar to that of marine OC. A key parameter for marine OC and marine biomarker proto-burial efficiency was sediment grain size. The smaller the sediment grain size was, the better the marine OC and marine biomarker were retained. Our study provides an important basis to elucidate spatial distribution patterns and forcing mechanisms of marine OC in surface water (production process) and surface sediments (burial process), and to estimate carbon budgets in large marginal seas.

Long-chain alkyl diols (LCDs) can be used as organic geochemical proxies for paleoceanographic change, especially in marginal sea areas where large volumes of sediments are deposited rapidly and continuously. However, little is known about the applicability and response on a millennium scale in relation with existing records in those sediments. We reconstruct changes in upwelling and terrestrial organic matter (OM) input in core sediments from the Zhejiang Fujian coastal station (T08) and Yangtze River Estuary station (T06) in the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) over the last millennium, using the LCD based proxies: diol index 2 (DI-2), and FC 32 1,15-diol. Our results show that DI-2 values ([(C 28 +C 30 )1,14-diols]/([(C 28 +C 30 )1,13-diols]+[(C 28 +C 30 )1,14-diols])) at T08 decrease significantly during 600–400 yr BP but increase gradually after 400 yr BP. The FC 32 1,15-diol proxy ([C 32 1,15-diol]×100/([(C 28 +C 30 )1,13-diols]+[(C 30 +C 32 )1,15-diols])) at T06 shows marked fluctuations during 1000–800 yr BP, followed by a significant decline during 800–500 yr BP but a subsequent increase from 500 to 300 yr BP. We find that variations in DI-2 values are broadly consistent with changes in the strength of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and the Kuroshio Current and are likely linked to changes in the frequency and intensity of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The increased strength of the EASM causes greater offshore movement of the upper layer of seawater, which in turn triggers upwelling of bottom waters formed by Kuroshio subsurface waters. We find that variations in FC 32 1,15-diol proxy are controlled mainly by the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and the Yangtze River discharge. By increasing the strength of the EAWM, southward transportation of material deposited in the estuary of the Yangtze River by the ECS coastal currents is promoted. In addition, we synthesize records of other organic geochemical indicators nearby core sediments in the ECS; these records emphasize the importance of reconstructing the evolutionary history of upwelling and subdividing the relative inputs of terrestrial OM. Our study provides a new means for reconstructing the evolution of upwelling and terrestrial OM input in the inner shelf of the ECS over the last millennium.