In order to improve the physicochemical properties of heavy metal adsorbents, researchers developed a novel composite microsphere material (SEI) by incorporating Sepiolite (Sep) and cross-linked polyethyleneimine (PEI) with sodium alginate (SA) as a carrier. The stability of the SEI under normal use conditions was high by thermogravimetric analysis, and -COOH, -OH, and -NH2 functional groups were detected by FTIR, which were confirmed to be involved in adsorption. It was found that the adsorption rate of SEI on Pb(II) and Cd(II) obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorption pattern was closely related to the Langmuir equation. Notably, the maximum adsorption capacity of SEI for Pb(II) and Cd(II) was 1099.93 mg/g and 112.89 mg/g, respectively, at 30 degrees C. In addition, thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, with entropy increase along with heat absorption. After six adsorption and desorption cycles, the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by SEI remained above 90 %. These findings suggest that SEI is a promising and environmentally friendly material for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II).

In this study, a fresh three-dimensional microsphere adsorbent (CATP@SA3) was successfully synthesized by Attapulgite (ATP) and combining Chitosan (CS), incorporating them into a Sodium alginate (SA) solution, and crosslinking them in a CaCl2 solution. Multiple analyses, including XRD, TGA, FTIR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and BET were utilized to comprehensively characterize the structural makeup of CATP@SA3. These analyses revealed the presence of beneficial functional groups like hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups that enhance the adsorption efficiency in adsorption procedures. CATP@SA3 was evaluated by studying different factors, including material ratio, contact time, dosage, solution pH, Pb(II) concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and aqueous environment. Three adsorption models, including kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic, were fitted to the experimental data. The findings demonstrated that the maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of CATP@SA3 was 1081.36 mg/g, with a removal rate that exceeded 70 % even after 5 cycles of use. Furthermore, correlation adsorption models revealed that the adsorption process of Pb(II) with CATP@SA3 was driven by a chemical predominantly reaction.

Chitosan (CS) is commonly used as an adsorbent for removing Cu(II) from water, but it has drawbacks such as solubility in dilute acid, difficulty in recycling in powder form, and short service life. This study utilized sodium alginate (SA) as a gel carrier to encapsulate CS, combined with silicon dioxide (SiO2) to improve mechanical stability. The preparation of CS/SA/SiO2 (SSC1.0) involved physical blending, CaCl2 cross-linking, and freeze-drying. Characterization methods such as SEM-EDS, FTIR, BET, and XRD were used to analyze the structural composition of SSC1.0. The material exhibited a folded surface, porous internal cross-section, nitrogen/oxygen-containing functional groups, and thermal stability in high temperatures and various aqueous environments. The adsorption performance of SSC1.0 on Cu(II) was evaluated under different conditions, showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.50 mg/g. The material maintained a removal rate above 70 % after 5 cycles. SSC1.0 also showed the highest removal rate of Cu(II) when applied to mine wastewater treatment. Adsorption modeling indicated that the process was driven by chemical reactions and was spontaneous and heat-absorbing.’

In this study, Fe-Mn oxide/zeolite composites were synthesized through the coprecipitation and utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The physico-chemical properties of the adsorbent were disclosed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron mi-croscopy, automatic micropore analyzer, and surface potential (Zeta) investigation, demonstrating the successful synthesis of the adsorbent. The abundant negative charge and hydroxyl functional group as well as pore structure on the adsorbent surface were very conducive to the removal of copper ions. The effects of adsorbent dosage, the initial concentration of copper ions, the initial pH, and the contact time on adsorption were investigated in batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal theory,which showed that the adsorption process was monolayer chemisorption. The complexation reaction of functional groups that contain oxygen, electrostatic attraction, precipitation, and physical adsorption are the primary components of the removal of copper ions mechanism. The results showed that when pH = 6, the leaching concentration of iron and manganese was lower than 0.1 mg/L. In addition, after five cycles of test, the adsorbent could still guarantee 88% of the previous adsorption capacity. The adsorbent exhibits exceptional stability, which is crucial for its use in real water bodies. Thus, this research offered a handy strategy for copper ions removal from aqueous solution.

Bi4O5Br2 material exhibits excellent performance in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, but high recombination rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs limits its photocatalytic activity. Attapulgite (ATP) is an excellent candidate for load type catalyst due to its larger specific surface area. As a new type of carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have important application prospects in catalysis and other fields. Herein, Z-scheme CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst loaded with varied proportions of CDs was synthesized by dynamic adsorption method, which demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation performance by lowering the recombination rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Ciprofloxacin degradation efficiency by 3 wt% CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP can reach up to 90% within 120 min under simulated sunlight, in addition, the 3 wt% CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst has good stability. As a result, our research helps to prepare high-efficiency Z-scheme heterojunction and contributes to study the degradation of antibiotics in the aquatic environment.

In this study, magnetic composite microspheres (SCFP) were prepared by cross-linking chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and ferric tetraoxide (Fe3O4) in a CaCl2 solution. CS and Fe3O4 were encapsulated in gel spheres formed by cross-linking SA with Ca(II), while PVA facilitated the dispersion of CS in SA. SCFP was utilized as an adsorbent to remove Cu(II) from water. The effects of the initial pH of the solution, SCFP dosage, and initial Cu(II) concentration on the adsorption efficiency were investigated through batch experiments. The results demonstrated that the adsorption capacity reached 58.260 mg/g (removal rate = 97.1%) after 100 min of adsorption at a pH of 5. The removal rate remained above 90% even after 6 cycles of the cycling experiment. The incorporation of CS with other functional materials allowed SCFP to compensate for its inherent drawbacks such as low mechanical strength, poor acid resistance, and short service life. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm provided better descriptions of the adsorption process. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the structure and adsorption mechanism of SCFP using characterization techniques such as SEM-EDS, FTIR, BET, XRD, etc. In summary, SCFP has the potential to be an excellent environmentally friendly material for the removal of Cu(II).

Bi4O5Br2 material exhibits excellent performance in photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, but high recombination rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs limits its photocatalytic activity. Herein, Z-scheme CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst loaded with varied proportions of CDs was synthesized by dynamic adsorption method, which demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation performance by lowering the recombination rate of photoexcited electron-hole pairs. Ciprofloxacin degradation can reach up to 90% in 120 minutes, while the CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst has great stability. This work also provided a plausible photodegradation pathway for the CDs/ Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst to ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the highest kinetic constant of the 3wt% CDs/Bi4O5Br2/ATP composite photocatalyst (K=0.0178min-1) is 6.77 times that of pure Bi4O5Br2 (K=0.00263min-1). As a result, our research helps to prepare high-efficiency Z-scheme heterojunctions and contributes to the understanding of antibiotic degradation in aquatic environments.

针对有色金属冶炼产生的含铜废水,以天然高岭土为主原材料经500℃ 煅烧后,与天然沸石复合,通过正交试验确定煅烧质量比为2:1的高岭土与天然沸石,利用N-2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂(KH792)对复合样品进行改性,得到改性复合高岭土吸附剂,采用XRD,SEM,BET,FT-IR,Zeta电位进行改性前后表征,发现K H792中的氨基官能团成功嫁接到复合高岭土表面,经过改性后的复合高岭土的比表面积由9.522 m2/g增加到13.517 m2/g,孔径由10.022 nm扩大到15.143 nm.利用改性复合高岭土对Cu2+进行吸附性能及其影响因素的研究,通过研究确定,试验水样Cu2+质量浓度为60 mg/L,在25℃、pH为5.45的条件下,改性复合高岭土投加量为3.3 g/L,吸附120 min,去除率最高可达99.96％.吸附过程遵守准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线与Langmuir模型对应.此改性满足含铜废水的排放标准,为吸附材料提供了一种便捷、经济、安全的选择.

为了进一步增强无机高分子混凝剂的处理能力,引入稀土镧对混凝剂聚合硫酸铁钛进行改性处理,制备了镧改性聚合硫酸铁钛固体混凝剂(La-PTFS).采用响应面实验优化混凝剂的制备条件,结果表明,在n(Fe)/n(Ti)=11.64,n(La)/n(Fe)=125.05,n(P)/n(Fe)=0.2时,制备所得 La-PFTS对废水浊度去除率最高.在La-PTFS投加量为250 mg/L、快搅拌速率为200 r/min、慢搅拌速率为70 r/min时对某湖湖水的处理效果最好,浊度去除率达到94.8％,比市售聚合硫酸铁(PFS)提升了 5％;叶绿素a去除率达到99.8％,比市售PFS提高了19.8％.

为了解决富营养化河道中内源磷释放的问题,合成了一种新型磷负荷控制材料,即负载有碳酸钙微粒的高岭石复合材料(CLK),研究了其对底泥磷释放和磷组分的影响.结果发现,CLK能有效抑制底泥释磷,最佳投加量为100mg/g,2h内即将水中溶解态磷(SRP)浓度控制在0.021 mg/L.CLK的添加促使底泥中的可交换态磷(Ex-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)和铁结合态磷(Fe-P)向钙结合态磷(Ca-P)转变,其中Fe-P含量减少了 17.31％,Ca-P含量增加了 27.91％,有效降低了底泥磷释放的风险.

In order to remove Cu2+ from wastewater, a kind of microsphere adsorbent (SCDO) with high efficiency for Cu2+ adsorption was prepared by the microdrop condensation method, where chitosan (CTS) and sodium alginate (SA) were used as the matrix to crosslink β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and zeolite (Zeo). The structure and properties of SCDO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon that, the adsorption performance of SCDO for Cu2+ was studied, in which the effects of pH, initial concentration, dosage, adsorption time and temperature were investigated. The results showed that the removal rate of Cu2+ reached 97.08%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 24.32 mg/g with the temperature at 30 °C, the dosage of SCDO at 12 g/L, the initial concentration of Cu2+ at 100 mg/L, the pH of the solution at 6.0 and the adsorption time at 120 min, respectively. The adsorption process of Cu2+ by SCDO occurred in accordance with quasi-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. After four repeats of continuous adsorption and desorption, the regenerative removal rate of Cu2+ could still reach 84.28%, which indicated that SCDO had outstanding reusability.

以煤矸石和氧化钙为原料,通过热碱改性方式,制备改性煤矸石吸附剂(Ca-CG).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)方法分析证明了改性煤矸石比表面积增加,在其表面及其内部孔径中成功引入了 Ca2+.试验研究了氧化钙添加量和pH值对磷酸盐吸附的影响.动力学和热力学分析表明:Ca-CG吸附磷酸盐过程符合准二级动力学方程,且该过程是自发进行;在煅烧温度为1 073 K,煤矸石与氧化钙比例为1:0.5条件下,对10 mg/L磷酸盐去除率超过95％.

通过分析小区二次供水不同的消毒方法,对不同消毒方法的效果进行比较,结果表明,次氯酸盐可以在任意工作环境下进行投加,更适合二次供水消毒.以C市为例,成立专项小组对存在水质安全隐患的小区进行分析研究,分别在A小区及B小区开展了水箱自动投加设备设计、试验及成套设备试用工作.

为研究芽孢杆菌投加到黑臭水体中不同位置对河道水体的修复效果,以某黑臭河道底泥和水体为研究对象,利用芽孢杆菌生物降解技术,分别将芽孢杆菌投加至底泥、泥水分界面、上覆水体3个不同位置,并测定相应指标进行分析.结果表明:芽孢杆菌投加至不同位置对黑臭水体均有修复效果,其中将芽孢杆菌投加至泥水分界面时对黑臭底泥和水体的修复效果最佳,此时对水体中氨氮、总氮、TP和COD的去除率分别为63.65％、42.71％、39.14％和63.13％,对底泥中氨氮、总氮、TP和有机质的去除率分别为59.88％、65.99％、59.07％和57.07％,底泥颜色由黑变黄,厚度下降18％,底泥生物降解能力增强.

With the rapid development of industrialization, the pollution of nickel-containing wastewater produced by non-ferrous metal smelting is becoming more and more serious. In order to meet the urgent requirements for the discharge of nickel-containing wastewater, effective and economic treatment technologies and materials are pursued. The experiment used natural kaolin as the main raw material was calcined at 500°C and combined with natural zeolite. Through orthogonal test, the calcined kaolin and natural zeolite 2: 1, N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane coupling agent (KH792) was used to modify the composite sample to obtain the modified composite kaolin adsorbent. XRD, SEM, BET and FT-IR were used for characterization before and after modification. It was found that the amino functional groups in KH792 were successfully grafted onto the surface of the composite kaolin. After modification, the specific surface area of composite kaolin increases from 9.522m2/g to 13.517m2/g, and the pore size expands from 10.022nm to 15.143nm. The adsorption performance of Ni2+ and its influencing factors were studied by using modified composite kaolin. Through the study, it was determined that the concentration of Ni2+ of 30 ml test water was 80 mg·L-1, and the modified kaolin was added 0.2g and adsorbed for 240 min at 25°C and pH 5.45. The removal rate increased from 54.9% to 99.94%. The adsorption process follows the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm corresponds to the Langmuir model.

为去除生活与工业污水中的磷酸盐,通过氧化钙与碳酸钠的联合作用,对高岭石进行连续改性,将碳酸钙引导至黏土层,制备了改性高岭石/碳酸钙复合吸附材料(KCA).利用SEM,XRD,FT-IR对KCA进行表征,并结合零电荷点 、吸附动力学 、吸附等温线 、实际废水研究KCA对磷酸盐的吸附特性.结果表明:KCA吸附量显著提升达到8.03 mg/g;KCA表面硅醇基团增加,并负载有碳酸钙颗粒层;KCA在水溶液中表面带正电,吸附磷酸盐的过程符合准二级动力学与Langmuir吸附模型.

Carbon dots (CDs) and Bi-riched bismuth oxyhalide have great potential in the field of photocatalysis. Here, a series of CDs/Bi4O5Br2 at different loading ratios were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. Experiments of visible light degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed that 3 wt% CDs/Bi4O5Br2 had the highest activity (5.39 times that of Bi4O5Br2) and the degradation rate reached 98%. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, Mapping, UV-vis DRS, Raman, and PL spectra. The absorption edge of 3 wt% CDs/Bi4O5Br2 was red-shifted from 455 nm to 580 nm compared with Bi4O5Br2. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity was mainly due to the fact that the addition of CDs not only broadened the photo-response range, but reduced the recombination rate of photo-induced carriers with good electron transport interfaces formed. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

为了去除污水中的氮磷,采用超声-镧改性沸石(ULZ)吸附处理,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和比表面积与孔径分析(BET)对ULZ进行表征,并进行吸附动力学、吸附热力学、吸附等温线的研究.结果表明,ULZ比表面积增加,La的质量分数由0％提高到0.49％;ULZ吸附氮磷的过程符合准二级动力学方程;该吸附一个自发吸热的过程,自发程度与温度成正比;Langmuir吸附模型能更好地描述ULZ对氮磷的吸附过程;ULZ对河道污水中氮、磷的去除率最高可达93.0％和98.7％,处理结果均达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准.

针对合油浮渣脱水性能差且处理成本高等问题,采用改性壳聚糖/超声耦合对含油浮渣进行脱水,分析了改性壳聚糖投加量、pH值、超声时间对含油浮渣脱水性能的影响,对比了单独改性壳聚糖、单独超声和改性壳聚糖/超声耦合对含油浮渣脱水性能的影响,并考察了Zeta电位、粒径、比阻和含水率的情况.试验结果表明,当改性壳聚糖的投加量为3 mg/g、pH值为6、超声时间为3 min时,含油浮渣的含水率降至61.8％,比阻为2.1×108 s2/g,上清液的Zeta电位为-26.9mV,粒径为91.28 μm,脱水性能得到改善.

The oil scum discharged from the sewage treatment system of a refinery was treated.The oil removal rate of chemical agent on oily scum was studied.The factors of temperature,pH,stir intensity,stir time were analyzed.Analysis of SEM photograph showed that the medicine break the network structure of oil scum and the stability of oil scum become bad.The results revealed that the best condition were obtained as follows:temperature 70℃,pH value 8,stirring time 20min and stirring intensity 50r/min.By optimizing the conditions,the de-oil rate could be up to 82.29％.The relevance between oil removal rate and the influence on aqueous phase are remarkable,the higer the oil removal rate,the slower the COD.