长石次生溶孔是致密砂岩储层微-纳米级别孔喉网络的重要组成部分.为进一步明确碱性长石溶孔发育特征及其对致密砂岩储层物性的改造作用,以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部华庆地区三叠系延长组6段3亚段(长63亚段)致密砂岩储层为研究对象,利用能谱分析获取各类长石的钾、钠元素分布特征及组成特点;基于Image J软件对场发射环境扫描电镜图像进行二值化处理及参数提取,分别对具有典型溶蚀特征的波状条纹长石和斑块状条纹长石进行图像分析和理论计算,提出了基于溶蚀强度参数评价储层溶孔对储集空间贡献程度的方法;定量评价了长石溶蚀对孔隙发育的影响,精准刻画了长石发育特征、溶蚀率及孔隙度贡献率等参数.图像分析和理论计算结果表明,研究区碱性长石溶蚀微孔主要由弱溶蚀作用形成,形态特征为条带状和蜂窝状,面孔率大小分布在2.06％～35.20％,平均值为13.99％,因溶蚀作用形成的孔隙面积占比与碱性长石中K+富含区域面积大小呈负相关.

为研究致密砂岩储层纳米级孔隙分布特征,采用扫描电镜观察和低温氮吸附实验,对鄂尔多斯盆地华庆油田延长组长63储层致密砂岩样品进行测试分析,并统计了样品的比表面积和孔体积分布特征,开展了纳米级孔隙结构特征对比分析.研究表明:扫描电镜和低温氮吸附实验两者结果具有相对一致性;吸附等温线均属于IUPAC分类的Ⅳ型等温线,迟滞回线主要是H1、H2及H3型,孔隙形态主要是圆柱状、墨水瓶状及狭缝状;孔径分布曲线呈现出小单峰、双峰式以及多小峰3种模式;致密储层纳米级孔隙多以中孔为主,决定了纳米级总孔的发育程度.致密砂岩纳米孔隙的精细表征为储层分类及明确渗流特征提供了重要依据.

针对致密砂岩储层黏土矿物晶间孔隙定量表征不足的问题,以扫描电子显微镜图像和EDS能谱分析资料为基础,研究鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6油层组黏土矿物及晶间孔隙的发育特征,将晶间孔参数定量化,对不同类型黏土矿物晶间孔进行定性与定量结合表征.在此基础上,根据矿物含量计算不同类型黏土矿物对储层孔隙度的贡献,探究其对致密砂岩储层物性参数的影响机制.结果表明,不同黏土矿物的发育特征及晶间孔特征有较大的差异;黏土矿物的孔喉和面孔率大小趋势为伊蒙混层>绿泥石>伊利石,类圆状孔隙和孔隙缩小型喉道发育较广泛;黏土矿物发育特征和孔隙结构是储层物性及剩余油分布的主要影响因素.

以鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区长8储层为例,利用薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、高压压汞和岩芯流体驱替实验等手段,对储层的敏感性开展定量评价,并深入剖析其影响因素.结果 表明,鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区长8致密砂岩储层的敏感性主要表现为中等偏强水敏、弱-中等偏弱酸敏、弱-中等偏弱碱敏和弱盐敏特征.储层的敏感性特征受黏土矿物成分、岩石矿物学特征、孔隙结构和物性影响,其中黏土矿物的含量和组成是主要影响因素,实际开发过程中应予以高度重视.研究结论可为致密砂岩油藏开发中后期提高采收率提供重要的科学依据.

试剂是高校资产的重要组成部分,是实验活动必不可少的物质基础,试剂使用数量巨大,使用频率高,种类繁多,且具有存放和使用方面的安全风险.传统试剂管理方式存在不足,试剂资产采购和存放使用的数据追踪和有效管理水平亟待提高.通过信息化管理平台的创建,从试剂产品数据开展源头控制,从试剂台账管理、采购管理、安全管理多个角度提升试剂管理能力,有效提高高校对试剂资产采购、存量信息的实时获取能力,规范试剂采购流程,保障试剂产品质量、价格和服务,创新性地实现财务统一结算,提升了管理效率,降低了行政成本,管控类试剂的宣传教育与在线审批流程的建立,提高了师生使用试剂的安全意识,降低了实验室安全风险水平.

[背景]近年来埃博拉病毒等病原微生物大范围传播引发了严重的公共安全问题,生物实验室安全管理受到各国政府的高度重视.[目的]了解国内高校病原微生物的管理状况,为实验室生物安全管理提供针对性举措.[方法]在查阅资料、与生物安全管理人员座谈的基础上设计调查问卷,对50所高校的341名师生进行调查并统计分析.[结果]国内高校实验室在病原微生物的安全教育、安全管理制度建设、实验室规范化建造、生物废弃物处置、实验室安全设施维护等方面存在明显不足.[结论]高校应严格落实安全管理责任制,采取措施消除各类安全隐患.

为了解生物类实验室对病原微生物、实验动物及生物毒素等危险源的管理状况,上海交通大学联合北京大学、中山大学对国内高校实验室生物安全教育情况进行了问卷调查.统计分析表明,超过20% 的师生不具备基本的生物安全知识,24 .8% 的实验室没有实行准入制度,39 .2% 的压力容器操作人员未按规定持证上岗,45 .8% 的动物实验室没有应急预案.因此,高校生物类实验室安全教育工作亟待进一步加强.

Based on reconstruction of paleo-plate and basin previous exploration data,and combining with current researches,tectonic evolution and petroleum system of Mangyshlak baisn are classified.late Carboniferous to the early Permian time convergence of surrounding Paleo-plates (Siberia,Kazakhstan and Tarim) of Turan platform leads to the granite intrusion,and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Permian intrusive rocks composed heterogeneous fold basement of the basin.The Late Permian to Early Triassic active subduction of Paleo-Tethys Ocean determines the later sedimentary pattern in the basin.Basin mainly developed by the Permian—Late Triassic rifting stage,Early Jurassic—Eocene rift—depression stage and Oligocene—Pleistocene extrusion deformation stage.Middle—Late Triassic transitional mudstone and Early—Middle Jurassic transitional black mudstone are primary source rocks of the basin,Reservoirs consist of Triassic carbonate rocks (including tuff) and fine sandstone and siltstone of lower Jurassic and lower cretaceous.Triassic volcanic mudstone and mudstones—marlstone of the upper Jurassic is a major regional cap.Basin mainly develops anticline traps and fault block traps.Crude oil along the unconformity surface or along faults vertical migration in Triassic strata,and along the faults vertical migration in Jurassic strata in Zhetybay—Uzen bench.Weaker distance effect of Plate collision and well condition of reservoir are main conditions of crude oil preservation.By observing the direction of granite weathering crust reservoir well profile that,granite rock mass continuity in the direction of the NW— SE well developed,and same direction of Permian granite intrusion belt,that means can be used as direction of exploration in the future.This is of great theoretical and practical significance for the development of conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration in the Caspian sea region and the energy security under the background of One Belt And One Road policy.

根据《国家信息化发展战略纲要》中“大力增强信息化发展能力,加强信息资源规划、建设和管理”的要求,实践“推动重点信息资源国家统筹规划和分类管理,增强关键信息资源掌控能力,完善基础信息资源动态更新和共享应用机制”指引高校实验室管理信息化建设的工作方向.根据纲要要求,我校基于当前实验室信息化相关系统整合实验室管理信息资源,创新性地通过引入实验室房间管理单元连接实验室人员、地点、资产、安全等各维度实验室管理数据信息,通过跨系统、跨部门的实验室信息共享增强了实验室的信息互联互通能力,提高了实验室信息的更新效率,促进了实验室管理水平的提高,进而保证了实验教学以及科研工作质量的提高.

本文分析了近年来实验室中普通冰箱的爆炸事故及安全隐患,通过一系列的新设计和实验,提出了实验室普通冰箱的防爆改造方案,研制了冰箱外置防爆温度控制器.所提出的方案及设备经过测试和试运行后,已在北京大学进行推广.目前,北京大学实施的冰箱防爆改造一期工作已经完成,设备运行平稳、功耗正常,达到了预期效果.普通冰箱防爆改造解决了多年来实验室危险化学品储存的安全隐患,有效降低了实验室安全事故发生的风险,对高校用户具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义.

以岩芯、薄片资料为基础,结合常规测井和成像测井等资料,综合分析鄂尔多斯盆地白于山井网加密区上三叠统延长组长4+5特低渗储层的沉积特征和储层特征,进而解剖储层砂体在纵向及平面的展布特征.结果表明,长4+5储层主要为一套中-细粒长石砂岩,发育平行层理和交错层理;储集空间以中小孔径的粒间孔为主,发育少量裂缝,储层物性较差.储层砂体在平面上呈较均匀的条带状展布,厚度在2～5 m之间;沉积亚相以三角洲前缘为主,发育水下分流主河道、水下分流浅河道、水下分流浅滩和水下分流间湾4种沉积微相.在纵向上,水下分流主河道及浅河道交替变化,在各小层有规律的展布.研究结果对进一步寻找白于山地区的油气富集区有一定的指示意义.

探讨大学实验室环境保护、技术安全、职业健康管理工作涉及的业务流程与管理信息系统建设的融合,提高我国大学实验室管理内涵水平.通过大学实验室“环安健”工作实践,对比国内外大学“环安健”管理信息系统设计的差异,结合国内大学和北京大学的建设现状,规划设计可支撑“环安健”整体业务工作的管理信息系统.经分析“环安健”信息系统功能应涵盖:实验室安全培训与考试管理、实验室安全检查管理、实验试剂和耗材的全过程管理、放射性同位素与射线装置全过程管理、仪器设备管理、安全物联网检测与监控管理、实验室安全紧急情况通知管理等.不断升级完善的实验室“环安健”管理信息系统能够有效预防实验室安全事故隐患,规范校内实验室安全多级化管理,以信息系统建设带动管理效率提升,打造平安、宁静的校园环境.

The management of hazardous chemicals is of great significance to the safety and stability of colleges and universities.There are some hidden dangers in the purchase,use,storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals due to the fact that colleges and universities are characterized by many disciplines,a large number of laboratories,the wide distribution,the concentration and mobility of laboratory personnel,etc.Based on the analysis of direct and indirect effect of the hazardous chemical accidents on colleges and universities,the countermeasures for the management of the university hazardous chemicals are put forward.

高校实验室安全是保证教学、科研工作顺利开展的基本条件,实验室安全管理覆盖面广,任何疏忽都可能造成严重的后果以及十分恶劣的影响,随着人们对实验室安全关注度的不断提高,实验室安全管理工作要求提高,难度增高,工作量增大.利用信息化方式促进实验室安全管理的开展可以有效提高实验室安全管理效率,采用信息化系统支撑安全管理业务流程,利用网络环境提高安全工作覆盖面积,重视安全数据的收集整理为安全工作的规划完善提供依据,创新性地引入了实验室房间作为安全管理的基本单元,形成了可扩展、可持续发展的实验室安全信息化体系,为提高实验室安全管理水平提供有力保障.

Crack propagation laws in continental heterogeneity reservoir and the actual development of reservoir reconstruction processes are poorly understood.In this study we divided single sand body in a target zone in the Wangyao zone of Ordos Basin by using logging curves.Combining conventional logging and special logging,as well as sedimentary microfacies modeling of reservoir,we built a three-dimensional model of rock mechanics.Then,we carried outfull-length fracturing simulations of interwell reservoir and varying stress field.Through the distribution of cracks and the field performance data,we analyzed the producing degree in heterogeneous reservoirs.Our results indicate that significant variations of single sand body in tight sandstone reservoirs are present,therefore,fracturing simulations of single sand body based on real data of 3D models are needed.Through applications in Ordos Basin in recent years,increased production rate is obvious,and over 90％ success rate is reported among the implemented wells,with an average of more than 2 t/d production increase.The successful application suggests that the method is suitable for improving the residual oil potential in the mid-late development of low permeability heterogeneity reservoir.

University laboratories are the important bases for teaching, scientific research and talent cultivation,and are the basic conditions for establishing the first-class universities and the first-class disciplines.The safety operation of the laboratories is related to the university stability and the social stability. Peking University always pays great attention to the safety management of its laboratories.According to the specific requirements for teaching and scientific research,a series of laboratory safety management strategies, regulations and measures are set up.Through the recent years of exploration and practice,laboratory safety risks are effectively reduced,and the hidden dangers of safety accidents are decreased.

Brittleness index method was mostly used to evaluate the distinction of rock fracturing though the concept and calculation process of brittleness index is complex and absence of geological basis,so the estimation of the fracturing capability was mostly staying in the level of semi-quantitative,which is not the quantitative evaluation of the fracturing capability based on the rock failure mechanism,so the applicability and accuracy have great limitations.Based on the reality of the lack of a reliable criterion for fracturing capability in low permeability sandstone reservoir,a geological modeling of the fracturing test area in Daqing oilfield was performed.By the approach of finite element simulation,the natural fracture prediction mode was improved,which changed the original "vertical profile fracture prediction" to "horizontal layer fracture prediction" and the method of "accumulation from each horizon" was firstly put forward.Fracture of each small layer was simulated,which realized the purpose of quantitative fracture prediction in the three-dimensional space.Four kinds of new criteria named "actual fracturing index (AFI)","potential fracturing index (PFI)","fracturing index (FI)","logging fracturing index (LFI)" were all firstly proposed.The conclusion was fit to the results of downhole micro-seismic technique.This will provide important scientific basis for enhancing the recovery efficiency in low permeability reservoir.

Studying on conglomerate reservoir of Lower Karamay Formation in east district 7(1) of Karamay Oilfield, on the vertical distribution of mineralogy, pore structure and other petrophysical properties via X-ray diffraction, thin section analysis, porosity and permeability measurements were systemically worked.Combined with experiments of oil-displacing agents dynamic loss, stepwise regression method based on cross validation was used to quantify the influence of reservoir characteristics on oil-displacing agents dynamic loss, and calculated the oil-displacing agents dynamic loss within a reservoir by Petrel modeling.Results show that the conglomerate reservoir is characterized by low compositional maturity and low textural maturity.Medium-low porosity and heterogeneous vertical distributions of permeability are significant.The oil-displacing agents dynamic losses are controlled by reservoir characteristics.There are strong correlations between oil-displacing agents dynamic losses and permeability, porosity and clay minerals content.Petrel model be also used to efficiently and visually predict the oil-displacing agents losses within the whole reservoir.With the complex geological conditions and difficulty that the mechanism of oil displacement agents loss is not completely clear, modeling directly from the data using stepwise regression method, and models selection as well as optimization using cross validation are innovative applications in calculating oil-displacing agents losses.

基于油田开发过程中对地应力方向变化及其影响机制认识不足的现状,对鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田某区块长6油层组4口取芯井各向异性钻柱,分别在干样与地层原位条件下进行现今地应力方向相对油田开发初期地应力方向偏转值的测定,并对其影响机制进行分析.结果表明:干样与地层原位条件下测试的地应力方向变化存在较大差异,因此对于油田储层地应力进行地层原位条件下的测试具有重要的意义;在油田注水开发过程中最大主应力方向相对偏转值在4.65°～8.73°之间,平均值约为7°,从储层物性特征、岩石破裂机理等方面进行分析,认为“天然水道”对地应力方向的偏转具有重要的控制作用;根据油田开发初期地应力方向(NE65°),确定研究区现今地应力方向约为NE58°.研究结果对油田开发过程中水力压裂、加密布井以及井网调整等实际问题有重要指示意义.

中国陆相致密储层应力敏感各向异性研究对低渗透油气藏开发过程中储层伤害评价具有重要作用.鉴于注水开发过程中的实际问题,选取鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田长6油层3块典型岩样,分别从水平X,Y及垂直Z方向钻取小岩心柱,并依次恢复至地层条件下变化围压测定渗透率,并结合铸体薄片、扫描电镜及XRD等实验,对致密油气藏储层渗透率应力敏感各向异性及其微观机制进行分析.研究结果表明:不同岩样的应力敏感性存在差异,且同一岩样不同方向的应力敏感性也存在差异,应力敏感性指数由强到弱分别为细粒岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑质石英粉砂岩和中细粒岩屑长石砂岩,各向异性系数由强到弱分别为长石岩屑质石英粉砂岩、中细粒岩屑长石砂岩和细粒岩屑长石砂岩.通过微观实验可知,不同类型储层的矿物成分、排列方式及孔隙结构特征差异大,是造成储层应力敏感各向异性的关键因素.因此认为,致密油气藏不同类型储层应力敏感及各向异性存在较大差异,而储层微观非均质性特征是应力敏感及各向异性的主要影响因素.这一结论对鄂尔多斯盆地陆相致密非均质性储层的高效开发具有重要意义.