As a crucial technology for global CO2 reduction, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) faces leakage risks that endanger surrounding organisms and the environment. This study aimed to clarify how CO2 leakage impacts the rhizosphere soil's physicochemical properties and microbial communities, supporting CCS environmental risk assessments. A simulation platform was built, and the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, correlation, and redundancy analyses were used to examine soybean cultures. Results showed that as soil CO2 concentration rose, pH and O2 significantly declined, while Soil Organic Carbon and Ammonium Nitrogen increased. Total Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen decreased, with the latter dropping notably. Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in soybean rhizosphere soil rose at 10% and 30% CO2 but fell at 50%. CO2 leakage reduced the Chao1 index of rhizosphere soil bacteria yet increased the Pielou's evenness index. Although dominant bacterial phyla remained consistent, Bacteroidetes became more abundant, while Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae decreased. O2 and pH were key factors shaping bacterial diversity and phylum-level community abundance.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is a pivotal technology for mitigating global climate change, but CO2 leakage from geological storage sites risks disrupting soil rhizosphere bacterial communities critical to soil functionality. To clarify their response mechanisms, this study focused on CO2-sensitive soybean (Shanning 17) in the Ordos Basin, establishing a simulated CO2 leakage platform with four treatments: CK (control, ambient CO2), 10%, 30%, and 50%. Illumina NovaSeq 16 S rRNA sequencing combined with PICRUSt functional prediction was used to analyze rhizosphere bacteria. Results showed CO2 leakage altered the bacterial community: Chao1 index decreased by up to 4.27%, Pielou’s evenness index increased, and Beta diversity changed notably. Bacteroidetes relative abundance increased significantly, while Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae decreased; the rare phylum Deferribacteres was only detected under 30% and 50% CO2; Five key genera (RB41, MND1, Nitrospira, Solirubrobacter, Gaiella) dominated community shifts, with abundance trends matching their phyla. Functionally, The dominant Level 1 metabolism pathway (average relative abundance 81.02%), as well as the Level 2 pathways of amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism, were significantly affected, and these functional changes were closely linked to shifts in bacterial community structure. This study supports environmental impact and risk assessment for CCS projects in the Ordos Basin and similar geological storage areas.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) has the risk of CO2 leakage, and this leakage always increases soil CO2 concentration, and the long-term CO2 stress damages crop production in farmland. Using maize, the growth characteristics, such as plant height and yield, and physiological indexes (osmoregulation substances and antioxidant enzymes) were explored under different simulative CO2 leakage conditions. Further, the relationship between maize physiological indexes and soil CO2 concentration was analyzed, showing that soil CO2 stress inhibited maize growth to a certain extent, resulting in shorter plants, thinner stems and lower kernel yield. With an increase in soil CO2 concentration, the contents of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar and soluble protein in maize leaves increased; with continuing stress, the increase rate of malondialdehyde was greatly augmented, whereas the increase rates of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased. With extended CO2 stress, the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased continuously, while the activities of catalase and peroxidase first increased and then decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity was closely correlated with soil CO2 concentration (r = 0.762), and responded quickly to the change of soil CO2 concentration (R-2 = 0.9951). Therefore, SOD plays an important role in maize resistance to soil CO2 stress. This study will help further understanding of the mechanism of maize tolerance to soil CO2 stress, providing a theoretical basis for agricultural production in CCS project areas.

The large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is becoming increasingly urgent in the global path toward net zero emissions; however, global CCS deployment is significantly lagging behind its expected contribution to greenhouse gas emission reduction. Reviewing and learning from the examples and history of successful CCS practices in advanced countries will help other countries, including China, to promote and deploy CCS projects using scientific methods. This paper shows that the establishment of major science and technology CCS infrastructures in advanced countries has become the main source of CCS technological innovation, cost reduction, risk reduction, commercial promotion, and talent training in the development and demonstration of key CCS technologies. Sound development of CCS requires a transition from pilot-scale science and technology infrastructures to large-scale commercial infrastructures, in addition to incentive policies; otherwise, it will be difficult to overcome the technical barriers between small-scale demonstrations and the implementation of million-tonne-scale CCS and ten-million-tonne-scale CCS hubs. Geological CO2 storage is the ultimate goal of CCS projects and the driving force of CO2 capture. Further improving the accuracy of technologies for the measurement, monitoring, and verification (MMV) of CO2 storage capacity, emission reduction, and safety remains a problem for geological storage. CO2 storage in saline aquifers can better couple multiple carbon emission sources and is currently a priority direction for development. Reducing the energy consumption of lowconcentration CO2 capture and the depletion of chemical absorbents and improving the operational efficiency and stability of post-combustion CO2 capture systems have become the key constraints to largescale CCS deployment. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is also important in order for countries to maximize fossil fuel extraction instead of importing oil from less environmentally friendly oil-producing countries.

Based on the online monitoring data of VOCs, O3, and NO2 in Yuncheng City from June to August 2020, the pollution characteristics of VOCs in Yuncheng City in summer were analyzed. At the same time, the main emission sources were determined using a PMF model, and the chemical reactivity of VOCs was evaluated using the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method and fractional aerosol coefficients (FAC). The results showed that the urban area of Yuncheng was seriously polluted by VOCs and NO2 in the early morning and evening during summer, the peak value of VOCs daily variation occurred at 08:00 and 20:00, respectively, and was mainly affected by the morning and evening peaks in traffic. The ρ(VOCs) from June to August was 50.52 μg·m-3, and the species with the highest proportion were alkanes (39.39%) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs, 34.63%). Five VOCs emission sources were determined by the PMF model, of which the largest contribution was from motor vehicle exhaust emission sources (33.10%), followed by industrial emission sources (29.46%), natural gas and coal combustion sources (17.31%), solvent use sources (11.94%), and plant emission sources (8.19%). Controlling motor vehicle exhaust emission sources is the key to alleviate VOCs pollution in summer in Yuncheng City. The average ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs was 162.88 μg·m-3, in which OVOCs had the highest contribution rate (45.37%); acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, ethylene, isoprene, and toluene were the key active components; and industrial emission sources were the emission sources with the highest contribution rate. The average value of secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAp) of VOCs was 0.40 μg·m-3, in which the contribution rate of aromatic hydrocarbons was the highest (88.00%), and the solvent use source was the emission source with the highest contribution rate.

通过评价西安市污水厂污泥理化性质、重金属含量和潜在生态风险,探究污泥再利用的可行性.分析了西安市7个具有代表性的生活污水处理厂污泥的基本理化性质和6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd和Zn)在不同时期的含量变化,并对污泥再利用做了可行性评价和潜在风险评价.结果 表明,各污水厂污泥除XA3污水厂Cd未达标外,其余污水厂均符合再利用标准要求.西安市农用地和绿地可承载污泥量远高于污泥产生量,潜在生态风险评价显示,XA3污水处理厂污泥危害为中等风险,其他污水处理厂污泥均属于低风险.

为了探究CO2捕集与封存(Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage,CCS)项目近地表工程中CO2泄漏对土壤环境的影响,通过大田模拟点源泄漏试验,监测土壤CO2体积分数,并整理同步气象数据,调查土壤物理性质,以统计分析土壤CO2体积分数与土壤性质及气象条件的时空关系分析.结果表明:土壤孔隙和容重表现为明显的水平和垂直分异特点,土壤温度和含水量表现为明显的时间变化特征.受降水事件影响,土壤CO2体积分数随着时间延长明显波动,且与土壤温度呈正相关关系,与土壤含水量呈负相关关系(P＜0.05);受土壤物理性质空间非均质特征影响,土壤CO2体积分数随着离源距离的增加而明显衰减且表现为各向异性,与土壤通气孔隙度呈正相关关系(p＜0.01),且其横向扩散距离为泄漏源埋深的2.85倍.建立了土壤CO2体积分数与土壤温度及离源距离间的时间变化函数以及土壤CO2体积分数与土壤通气孔隙度及离源距离间的空间变化函数.并得出,浅地表点源CO2泄漏受土壤非均质性和降水事件影响明显,但其横向扩散范围有限.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is an important technical strategy to reduce global CO2 emission from heavy industries. However, the risk of CO2 leakage in CCS-related projects cannot be ignored and it is crucial to identify and monitor CO2 leakage in CCS project areas in a timely and effective manner. So here we investigate the biological characteristics (plant height, leaf length, leaf width and SPAD value) and leaf spectral characteristics of maize under soil CO2 concentration of 10, 30, and 50%, with normal soil condition as control (CK). By analysing the original spectrum and first derivative spectrum of maize leaves, spectral parameters relatively sensitive to soil CO2 stress were extracted. Further, eight composite spectral characteristic indexes that are expected to identify CO2 leakages were constructed and analyzed. Besides, the normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) and modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI) were also investigated for the indication role in CO2 leakage. The results showed that maize morphological traits had a significant hysteresis effect for the indication of CO2 leakage; the SPAD value was difficult to indicate the lower concentration of soil CO2 early. But it was found that three spectral characteristic indexes REP-BEP, RGP/RRV and RGP-RRV/RGP+RRV can effectively identify CO2 leakage, and three spectral characteristic indexes (RVP-GPP, REP-BEP and MCARI) can be used for quantitative inversion of soil CO2 concentration. Especially, REP-BEP index could both indicate CO2 leakage and quantitatively inverse soil CO2 concentration. In sum, the spectral characteristic indexes of maize leaves can be used as effective indicators to quickly and effectively identify CO2 leakage and quantitatively invert the CO2 concentration in soil.

为研究CO2地质封存过程中CO2泄漏对水稻及稻田土壤的风险影响,利用CO2模拟泄漏平台,研究了不同CO2泄漏速率下水稻生长、稻田土壤性质与土壤细菌组成及多样性的变化特征.结果表明:随着CO2泄漏速率的增加,稻田土壤pH显著降低,电导率显著增加,水稻生长受到明显抑制;稻田土壤细菌的丰富度指数和多样性指数均有增加,均匀度指数有所降低.CO2泄漏显著改变了稻田土壤细菌组成,稻田土壤的优势菌门中变形菌门、拟杆菌门与绿弯菌门的相对丰度总体降低,而酸杆菌门与放线菌门的相对丰度总体升高;稻田土壤优势菌属中RB41、MND1、厌氧粘菌属及鞘脂单胞菌属的丰度总体升高,而硝化螺旋菌属的丰度总体降低;稀有细菌中CO2泄漏下全部出现的有粘胶球形菌门、柔膜菌门及双头菌属、硫杆菌属,CO2泄漏后全部消亡的为假单胞菌属.建议将变形菌门的减少和酸杆菌门的增加,以及RB41、MND1及厌氧粘菌属的增加作为稻田土壤 CO2泄漏监测的推荐指标.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is an important technical strategy to reduce global CO2 emission from heavy industries. However, the risk of CO2 leakage in CCS-related projects cannot be ignored and it is crucial to identify and monitor CO2 leakage in CCS project areas in a timely and effective manner. So here we investigate the biological characteristics (plant height, leaf length, leaf width and SPAD value) and leaf spectral characteristics of maize under soil CO2 concentration of 10, 30, and 50%, with normal soil condition as control (CK). By analysing the original spectrum and first derivative spectrum of maize leaves, spectral parameters relatively sensitive to soil CO2 stress were extracted. Further, eight composite spectral characteristic indexes that are expected to identify CO2 leakages were constructed and analyzed. Besides, the normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) and modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI) were also investigated for the indication role in CO2 leakage. The results showed that maize morphological traits had a significant hysteresis effect for the indication of CO2 leakage; the SPAD value was difficult to indicate the lower concentration of soil CO2 early. But it was found that three spectral characteristic indexes REP-BEP, RGP/RRV and RGP-RRV/RGP+RRV can effectively identify CO2 leakage, and three spectral characteristic indexes (RVP-GPP, REP-BEP and MCARI) can be used for quantitative inversion of soil CO2 concentration. Especially, REP-BEP index could both indicate CO2 leakage and quantitatively inverse soil CO2 concentration. In sum, the spectral characteristic indexes of maize leaves can be used as effective indicators to quickly and effectively identify CO2 leakage and quantitatively invert the CO2 concentration in soil.

二氧化碳捕集与封存技术（CO 2 capture and storage, CCS）是当前国际上公认的CO 2 减排的有效措施,但封存在地下的CO 2 仍然因为各种不稳定因素存在泄漏风险,对土壤环境及土壤生态系统产生威胁。选择赤子爱胜蚓为研究对象,通过模拟高浓度CO 2 对蚯蚓形态与生理变化的影响,探究CCS泄漏所产生的土壤高浓度CO 2 对蚯蚓的毒性效应。研究表明,土壤高浓度CO 2 使蚯蚓出现生殖环带肿大、尾部串珠以及断尾等外部形态变化,皮肤和刚毛受到损伤并且表皮发生褶皱等现象;随着CO 2 浓度的增加以及暴露时间的延长,蚯蚓的死亡率不断增加,土壤高浓度CO 2 对蚯蚓的7 d和14 d半致死浓度分别为26.39%和17.78%;蚯蚓体腔细胞溶酶体中性红保留时间（NRRT）减少。因此,蚯蚓有望作为监测CO 2 泄漏的指示生物,NRRT可作为识别CO 2 泄漏的敏感指标。

二氧化碳捕集与封存(CO2 capture and storage,CCS)是全球CO2减排最重要技术战略,但CCS相关项目存在CO2泄漏的风险不容忽视,及时有效的识别与监测项目区CO2泄漏至关重要.文中以7种典型C3、C4植物为研究对象,通过模拟地质封存CO2泄漏产生的超高CO2浓度对植物稳定碳同位素组成δ13C的影响,分析C3、C4植物δ13C值与超高CO2浓度之间的关系,试图利用植物δ13C分析识别CO2泄漏.结果 表明:C3、C4植物的δ13C值能够迅速响应CO2浓度的变化,均呈现随着CO2浓度的增加而先迅速下降后缓慢稳定的态势,其中C3、C4植物δ13C值分别在CO2浓度为10000μmol·mol-1、20000μmol·mol-1时降低显著,C3植物的δ13C值从-28.9‰变化到-47.0‰,C4植物的δ13C值从-15.1‰变化到-43.8‰,C4植物在超高CO2浓度下的δ13C变化远大于C3植物,且与CO2浓度有较强相关性(R2≥0.6343);当二氧化碳浓度大于20000μmol·mol-1时C4植物δ13C值与正常大气环境C4植物δ13C值差异显著,利用C4植物δ13C可有效识别CO2的泄漏.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is an effective method to restrain the excessive growth of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, there are still risks of CO2 leakage during the implementation of CCS project, which may pose a threat to the surface environment and ecology. In this study, Longjing 31 and Longdao 18 were taken as experimental objects to simulate the leakage of geologic storage CO2 at different rates and to discuss its effects on the basic water quality indexes of paddy field water, such as DCO2, pH, DO and ORP, so as to explore the response rules of paddy field water to geologic storage CO2 leakage. The results indicated that CO2 leakage had significant long-term effects on DCO2, pH, DO and ORP of water in the paddy field, and different CO2 leakage rates had significant differences on water quality indexes in the paddy field. After the balance of all indexes, the water quality indexes of paddy field water showed obvious diurnal variations, in which DCO2 was high in the morning and evening, and low in noon, while pH, DO and ORP were opposite. According to the difference analysis of each index, it is suggested that DCO2 in paddy field water should be taken as the main index of CO2 leakage monitoring in paddy field system, and pH, DO and ORP should be used as the auxiliary indexes of CO2 leakage monitoring.

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is currently recognized as an effective measure to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the world. However, the CO2 stored underground has the risk of leakage because of various unstable factors, posing a threat to the soil environment and soil ecosystem. In this study, Eisenia fetida was selected as the research object. By simulating the effects of high concentration of CO2 on the morphology and physiological changes of earthworms, the toxic effects of high concentration of CO2 on the earthworms caused by CCS leakage were explored. The results showed that the high concentration of CO2 in the soil caused earthworms to have external morphological changes such as clitellum swelling, tail beading and tail breaking; skin and setae were damaged and epidermis was wrinkled. With the increase of CO2 concentration and the extension of exposure time, the mortality rate of earthworms increased continuously. The median lethal concentrations of 7 d and 14 d for high concentration CO2 soil were 26.39% and 17.78%, respectively, and the lysosomal membrane neutral red retention time (NRRT) of granulocytes decreased. Therefore, earthworms are expected to be used as indicators of CO2 leakage, and NRRT can be used as a sensitive biomarker for CO2 leakage.

Aquatic animals are important components of aquatic ecosystems such as lakes, swamps and reservoirs. Their normal growth and development are important signs of the healthy development of aquatic ecosystems. The blood components of fish are not only the result of their reaction to the aquatic environment, but also the premise of their intrinsic physiological changes. CCS (Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage) is an important measure to combat climate change. Due to the defects of its projects, however, it may result in the release of sequestered CO2 into aquatic ecosystems, and affecting ecosystems represented by fish. By breeding aquarium and blood gas analysis method, the impact on the blood gas of crucian carp at different CO2 flow rates were studied in this paper. The main conclusions were obtained as follows:(1) In the injection of CO2 conditions, the dioxide oxygen partial pressure (PCO2) and the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) in venous blood of experimental groups were overall higher than the control group. With the increase of CO2 flow rates and time, the value and its fluctuation of PCO2 and PO2 in venous blood of crucian carp increased, in which the increase of PCO2 is due to the diffusion of CO2 through the gill, and the increase in PO2 is due to the decrease in the absorption of oxygen by tissue induced by anaesthesia of CO2. (2) Under the condition of introducing CO2, the pH in venous blood of crucian carp was mostly higher than that of CK group, and gradually decreased with the increase of CO2 flow rate and time. The behaviour of squid was characterized by active first and then calm, and the increase in the activity of crucian carp led to the increase in ammonia emissions and pH. Thereafter, the pH decreased as the flow rate of introducing CO2 increased. However, due to the body fluid regulation mechanism of crucian carp, the pH blood were always stable within the normal range.(3) The change of Na+ concentration was basically consistent with the change of pH. The changes of K+, Ca2+ concentration were opposite with the pH, but the crucian carp still kept the electrolyte concentration within the normal range through the humoral regulation mechanism. The regulation of Na+ mainly depends on the permeability of cell membrane. The regulation of K+ and Ca2+ mainly relies on H+ ion channel to realize H-Ca and H-K exchange. When a large amount of CO2 was introduced for a long time, the surge phenomenon of K+ indicated that the body fluid regulation of the squid may be disordered. (4) The difference between the actual bicarbonate ion content (AB) and the standard bicarbonate ion content (SB) were always greater than the control group, i.e. CO2 in water can caused respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis of the crucian carp.(5) The lactic acid content of crucian carp in the experimental groups were lower than that of the control group (4 mmol/L). In particular, when the CO2 influx were greater than 40 ml/min, the lactic acid content in the venous blood of the crucian carp reduced sharply, and fluctuated at a concentration of 1 mmol/L.

以回顾CCUS技术在应对全球变化中的作用为基础,梳理了国内地质封存CO2泄漏的生态影响研究方法,总结了CO2泄漏对土壤及其微生物、植物与作物、水质及鱼类、陆生动物影响的研究进展,分析了CO2泄漏对土壤、地表水和地下水等环境介质的影响,对植物及作物、土壤微生物、动物及鱼类等不同类型生命体的影响,以及CO2泄漏生态监测指标筛选等不同领域研究的现状和问题;提出了地质封存CO2泄漏对环境介质影响中的多因素、跨介质及流体流态影响机制,生态影响中的适应-抑制机制及指示性生态监测指标筛选,以及由室内外模拟到实施项目野外调查的研究方法转变三个方面的研究趋势.

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered as the most promising and potential technology of reduction in CO2 emission. However, the risk of CO2 leakage resulting from geological storage projects has a significant impact on the surroundings, especially on the associated farmland ecosystem. As the basis for agricultural production decision-making in the CCS project area, it is very important to carry out in-depth research on the response of crops to high CO2 ( )concentration and quantitative evaluation of crop tolerance to CO2. In this paper, the impacts of ultra-high CO2 on the plant height, maximum root length, leaf number, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, fresh and dry biomass of eight typical crops were simulated using CO2 artificial climate chamber A comprehensive evaluation method on the crop tolerance to CO2 was established based on principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCE) and the tolerance of eight typical crops to CO2 in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The results indicated that the growth of eight crops was promoted in a certain range of CO2 concentration and the maximum growth indicators of C-3 crops was at 10 mmol.mol(-1) and that of C-4 crops was at 20 mmol.mol(-1). When the CO2 concentration continued to increase, the growth of C-3 and C-4 crops were inhibited in varying degrees, in which the inhibition for C-3 crops was higher. The relative tolerance of crops to CO(2 )was as follows: sorghum > broomcorn millet > foxtail millet > maize > mung bean > soybean > potatoes > buckwheat and C-4 crops were more tolerant to CO2 than C-3 crops. The priority crops for CO2 leakage of the CCS project area was recommended in Loess Plateau of China. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers

[目的]乡村美食,是乡村旅游最重要的吸引源,其餐饮服务质量的高低是影响目的地能否在市场严重同质化竞争中制胜的关键,进而建立一套客观而全面评价乡村旅游餐饮服务质量的方法显得必要而迫切.[方法]文章构建了基于3层6准则34项指标评价体系支撑的属性层次模型(AHM),并引入更为客观的多主体评价的方法,结合袁家村实际调研数据对其乡村旅游餐饮服务质量进行了实证研究.[结果](1)袁家村餐饮服务质量(μA=80.1)总体表现情况良好.(2)准则层B3乡土气息(μB3=86.1)与B4菜品质量(μB4=82.8)两项表现良好,但仍有上升空间.B6附加服务(μB6=69.3)仅为及格,虽然它不是评价体系中的核心(WA6=0.058),但可能成为区分高档次乡村旅游目的地的重要细节.(3)C层指标中有11个达到良好以上,优良率达32.4％.C21就餐环境安全卫生(μC211=69.6,W21=0.053)成为重要性与实际表现差距最大的指标,应该引起袁家村餐饮服务管理者与经营者重点关注.[结论]这一评价结果与袁家村作为陕西乡村旅游龙头的地位基本契合,进一步提升餐饮服务质量是袁家村能否实现向乡村度假地成功转型的关键.

二氧化碳的捕获与储存(CO2capture and storage,CCs)是全球CO2减排最重要技术战略,其存在CO2泄漏的风险,会对周围农田生态产生重要影响.深入认识植物对高浓度CO2的响应并筛选对CO2的耐受植物,为CCS项目区农业生产决策提供参考数据.本文设置玉米对不同CO2浓度的响应情形,选择株高、鲜重、干重、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度作为玉米耐受的观测指标.结果 表明,当CO2浓度为10 000、20 000 μmol/mol时,玉米株高增高7％～ 12％,生物量增加10％～ 15％,净光合速率增加高达60％左右;当CO2浓度为40000、80000μmol/mol时,玉米株高度减少9％～12％,生物量减少10％～ 17％,净光合速率减少35％～ 45％左右.一定程度CO2浓度的增加,对玉米生长发育具有“施肥”效应;在更高CO2浓度下,会抑制其生长发育,并未H现植株死亡的现象.通过CO2耐受指数法(LCTI)计算得出,玉米可以作为地质封存CO2泄漏的耐受植物.