In this article, a deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) method based on gain factor self-tuning technology is proposed, which can effectively improve the dynamic response performance and robustness of the control system. Since the performance of DPCC is highly dependent on parameter accuracy, this article establishes a closed-loop transfer function model of the DPCC method and analyzes in detail the impact of parameter mismatch on the current dynamic response performance. Then, the current error caused by parameter mismatch is suppressed by designing the gain factor, on this basis, a parameter self-tuning algorithm based on gradient descent optimization method is constructed. Compared with traditional parameter identification algorithms, the proposed method has the advantages of strong versatility and greatly reduces computational burden. Finally, the accuracy of the tuning results of the proposed method is proved by experimental results, which effectively suppresses the influence of parameter mismatch and improves the current response performance.

This study proposes a method for wind-solar power generation forecasting based on Genetic Algorithm optimized BP neural networks. By integrating BP neural networks with Genetic Algorithms, the aim is to improve the accuracy of power generation forecasts. Initially, the BP neural network is trained using historical data comprising 60000 samples to create a preliminary prediction model. Subsequently, the Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the weights and biases of the BP neural network, enhancing its predictive performance. Experimental results indicate that the optimized GA-BP neural network outperforms the traditional BP neural network in terms of prediction error, error rate, and prediction accuracy. This method offers an effective solution for wind-solar power forecasting and has the potential to significantly contribute to smart grid and renewable energy management.

To address the issue of insufficient torque ripple suppression, high computational complexity, and complex weight factor design in traditional direct torque control (DTC) for open-winding brushless dc motors (OW-BLDCMs), this article introduces a novel torque control method integrating model predictive control (MPC) called the finite control set model predict torque control (FCS-MPTC). The approach stands out by integrating DTC's dynamic responsiveness, and the single-phase voltage vector expands the voltage vector set, significantly improving voltage adaptability and enabling precise torque control. Furthermore, a torque flag based on fast optimization algorithm reduces the number of voltage vector traversals and computational complexity, cutting single-cycle computation time by 53.6%. Additionally, based on the analysis of the strong coupling mechanism between torque and flux linkage, simplifying their regulation to a single torque objective, a cost function excluding weight factors is constructed. The experimental results validate the method's superiority, demonstrating a maximum of torque ripple reductions of 4.1%-7.7% across all speed ranges and decreases in total harmonic distortion (THD) by 7.5%-9.5%, compared to traditional DTC. The proposed algorithm addresses real-time performance bottlenecks, paving the way for embedded applications in demanding fields such as electric vehicles and aerospace.

Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are widely utilised due to their simple mechanical structure and high power density. To enhance energy efficiency, environmental sustainability and control flexibility, open-winding brushless DC motors (OW-BLDCM) have been introduced. Direct torque control (DTC) is an efficient control strategy for BLDCM; however, the nonsinusoidal back electromotive force and phase-off operation characteristics of OW-BLDCM present fundamental theoretical challenges for its implementation. This paper investigates these challenges from both mechanistic and physical perspectives. The commutation current paths under zero-voltage vector conditions are analysed, and an optimised zero-voltage vector selection strategy is proposed to prevent simultaneous three-phase conduction and phase current reversal, thereby mitigating commutation torque ripple. Additionally, a duty-cycle control algorithm is introduced to further reduce torque ripple within each sector. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed zero-voltage vector strategy effectively reduces torque ripple by 27.8% by eliminating undesirable current behaviours. Further application of the duty-cycle control algorithm achieves an additional 26.9% reduction in torque ripple. These findings validate the theoretical analysis and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, providing a solid foundation for the future application of modern control strategies in OW-BLDCM.

Magnetic encoders have the advantages of small size, resistance to harsh environments, and strong anti-interference ability, and are widely used in the industrial field. In order to improve the resolution and accuracy of the magnetic encoder, this paper starts from the working principle of the magnetic encoder and the working principle of the magnetic sensor. Through detailed theoretical analysis and simulation verification of the output error of the magnetic encoder, after determining the source of the error, a combined sensor and a differential operational amplifier circuit are used on the hardware instead of the integrated high-speed magnetic angle encoder chip. The software uses the quadrature phase-locked loop method to solve the angle of the output signal after amplitude normalization and Kalman filtering algorithm compensation. The test results show that the output signal after error compensation is close to the ideal waveform. Compared with the uncorrected magnetic encoder, the maximum angle error is 0.211°, and the maximum angle error after angle solution is 0.142°, with an absolute accuracy of 12bit.

The key to the realization of direct torque control method for brushless DC motor with open winding is the selection of voltage vector, in which the analysis of different voltage vector characteristics and the establishment of the optimal voltage vector selection table have a crucial influence on the motor performance. In this paper, the characteristics of different voltage vectors under the direct torque control method of brushless DC motor with open winding are analyzed in detail, and the motor state under the action of different vectors is analyzed and different voltage vector selection tables are established. The results show that when the large vector is selected as the positive voltage vector and the large vector, medium vector, small vector and zero vector are respectively used as the zero-voltage vector, the two-phase conduction mode in the three-phase six state of OW-BLDCM can be satisfied. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The motor torque ripple is approximate and large when the large and middle vector act as the zero voltage vector, and approximate and small when the small and zero vector act as the zero-voltage vector. The motor performance is better when the small vector acts as the zero-voltage vector.

In traditional Direct Torque Control of Open-Winding brushless DC motors, large vectors are used as negative vectors, leading to significant torque fluctuations. This article proposes a novel zero vector and combines it with a duty cycle control algorithm to reduce motor torque ripple and improve system performance. Numerical simulations are conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, and experimental comparisons are made under different control conditions, including rated speed, low speed, and high speed operation, to observe torque ripple. The experimental results show a threefold suppression of torque ripple, indicating a significant improvement.

分析了永磁同步电机电磁振动噪声原理,计算了一台4极/6槽内置式永磁同步电机多转速下的电磁振动噪声,并通过二维傅里叶分解分析其径向电磁力谐波分量.提出一种新型定转子结构,建立以噪声和转矩脉动为目标的多目标优化数学模型,并采用响应面算法确定最优的设计参数.对优化前后电机的电磁振动噪声进行了仿真对比.结果显示,电机结构优化后,转速3500 r/min运行时电磁振动噪声减小较为明显,从62.02 dB削弱至53.53 dB;平均转矩基本无变化,转矩脉动有所减小;多转速运行时,电机振动噪声整体性能亦得到改善,验证了该结构优化对电机电磁振动噪声有较为明显的抑制作用.

磁编码器是新型非接触式位置传感器,具有体积小、成本低等优点,应用于伺服、机器人等高精度控制领域.阐述了磁编码器的工作原理,介绍了磁阻式和霍尔式两类磁编码器的研究现状及应用.总结了单极型和多极型磁编码器的位置解算方法,包括正反切法、锁相环法、游标卡尺法等.剖析了谐波失真、幅值相位偏差、随机噪声等磁编码器位置检测的主要误差来源及其误差补偿算法.深入探讨了目前市场上常见的磁编码器产品性能、应用领域,并展望磁编码器的未来发展方向.

In this paper, the influence of additional air gaps between stator tooth and back-iron on the acoustic performance of spoke-type permanent magnet synchronous motor (STPMSM) is studied. It is found that the existence of these gaps can reduce the electromagnetic vibration noise, and its sound pressure level decreases by 2.3dB. By comparing radial electromagnetic forces acting on the stator, it is found that the additional air gap will weaken the 2-order radial electromagnetic force in space, which leads to the reduction of electromagnetic vibration noise. In order to further consider the influence of non-uniform additional air gap, the electromagnetic force is decomposed by two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT). The results of space-time spectrum show that the non-uniform air gap will introduce new space-time components of electromagnetic force, but it will not have a great impact on the acoustic performance of STPMSM. In addition, several commonly used stator tooth segments and back-iron segments are compared, which have different shapes of additional air gaps. The results show that the structure with triangular separated stator tooth and back-iron has better acoustic performance.

This article proposes a rotor design method suitable for double-layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DIPMSM), which can reduce electromagnetic torque ripple and at the same time reduce the electromagnetic noise of the motor. In previous studies, the inverse cosine function (ICF) was used to modify the rotor shape for making the air-gap flux density distribution sinusoidal under no-load conditions, which can reduce the torque ripple. However, conventional ICF can only be used in a single-layer interior rotor structure. Consequently, this article proposes a piecewise inverse cosine function (PICF) based on ICF, which can be applied to DIPMSM. To verify the improvement of the proposed method in the electromagnetic and noise aspects of the motor, the electromagnetic model and a noise prediction model of the 36-slot/8-pole motor are established by the finite element method. The PICF model is compared with the prototype in the aspects of electromagnetic performance and noise. The torque ripple is reduced by 54.16%, from ±2.4 to ±1.1 N m, and the electromagnetic noise is reduced by about 4.9 dB. Finally, the accuracy of the noise prediction model is verified by the noise test of the prototype.

无差拍预测电流控制能为电流环提供良好的动态性能,但电机模型参数与电机实际参数失配时会产生电流静差,使电机无法输出准确额定转矩.设计了一种非线性积分滑模电流静差补偿算法,将参数失配导致的电流静差转化为电压补偿量添加到预测控制中,相比于常规积分滑模补偿算法,该控制算法既能有效补偿存在的电流静差,又能改善误差过大而导致的积分饱和、调节时间过长等问题,改善了系统的暂态性能;采用改进的幂次趋近律可保证滑模面的可到达性,又能抑制抖振.最后通过仿真验证了该算法能够有效、快速地消除电流静差.

剖析了双管零矢量与单管零矢量的各自的优劣,针对反向续流问题改进双管零矢量,使新型零矢量可对续流回路截流.为了适应新型单零矢量控制策略,替换原有零矢量,建立了单管零矢量选择表.电机在相同转速、不同负载以及相同负载、不同转速等不同给定条件下进行实验,通过数据分析,发现实验结果高度贴合实验理论.

BLDCMs are widely used in automotive, industrial and intelligent equipment fields due to their high power density, simple control, and good dynamic performance. However, its non-sinusoidal characteristics have brought problems such as turn-off phase freewheeling to the research and application of BLDCM DTC. This paper proposes the definition, particular characteristic analysis, selection scheme and realization method of the voltage vector, especially the novel zero-voltage vector. Based on the novel zero-voltage and twelve-sector vector selection switch table, an improved PWM modulation strategy in a single cycle is proposed to cooperate with them to achieve the reduction of torque ripple. Finally, the correctness and feasibility of the proposed voltage vector and control strategy theory are verified by a series of experiments.

针对传统星形连接无刷直流电动机直接转矩控制下存在较大关断相续流引起转矩脉动坠落的问题,提出在断开电机绕组下通过电压矢量来实现关断相电流的抑制方法.该方法基于开绕组多维度的电压矢量分析,结合共直流母线拓扑自身多电平的优势,利用新型零电压矢量和正电压矢量的联合控制来实现关断相电流抑制并最终达到转矩脉动的抑制效果.仿真结果表明,该方法在电机正常运行的基础上可以减小关断相续流,从而达到转矩脉动抑制效果.

This paper proposes a direct torque control (DTC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high torque estimation accuracy.Based on the PMSM mathematical model considering iron loss resistance, this paper analyzes that when using stator current to estimate torque, the accuracy will be affected by iron loss resistance.Using stator magnetizing current can solve the current deviation caused by iron loss resistance and improve torque estimation accuracy.Since the stator magnetizing current cannot be obtained directly, a novel iron loss resistance observer based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is designed to estimate iron loss resistance and stator magnetizing current simultaneously.Popov's hyperstability theory guarantees the stability of the designed observer.Finally, a 1kW PMSM experimental platform is constructed to verify the proposed method.Both the simulation and experimental results show that the designed observer is stable, and using stator magnetizing current to estimate torque has better accuracy than stator current.

This study proposes a method to reduce the electromagnetic noise of a double-layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DIPMSM) by optimising the flux barrier. First, a noise prediction model of the 36-slot/8-pole DIPMSM is established by finite element (FE). According to the simulation results, the noise of the motor is the loudest at 5000 rpm, especially with a noise component of 3333.3 Hz. From the results of modal analysis, it can be concluded that the four-order radial force with a frequency of 3333.3 Hz resonates with the stator, resulting in the loudest noise. Then, the source of the radial force that causes the loudest noise is analysed, and it can be found that the 9th and 11th harmonics of rotor magnetic motive force have the greatest contribution to the force. By optimising the rotor, the radial force contributed by the 9th and 11th harmonics is weakened, thereby reducing the noise caused by these harmonics. Finally, the electromagnetic performance and noise of the optimised motor are checked by FE. Compared with the initial rotor, the torque ripple is reduced by 26.79%, and noise is reduced by 5.542 dB. The noise test on the prototype verifies the accuracy of the noise prediction model.

在人们日常生活中,形变的发生无处不在.针对肉眼无法辨识的微小的形变,本设计从刚体形变的原理出发,通过不同物理量之间的转化,间接地显示出形变量这个物理量.同时,本设计基于STM32F103单片机控制器,涵盖A/D转换、信号识别与处理和LCD显示,使得系统更加灵活可靠.刚体微小形变监测系统的设计不仅可以满足物理师范学生教学的需求,同时也为电工学与其他工程类学科的深度融合提供了新的思路,设计理念还可以推广到未来桥梁防震安全系统的设计.

A new hybrid magnetic source field modulation machine (HMS-FMM) is proposed in this paper, which can work in a wide speed range and guarantee high quality torque output. Due to the bidirectional flux modulation effect applied in HMS-FMM, a large number of working harmonics can be used to generate torque. Direct current excitation is employed to regulate airgap flux density at stator yoke for wide speed range and low harmonic distortion rate at flux weakening state. In order to improve the air gap flux density, the auxiliary tooth is introduced to connect ferrite and stator tooth for providing parallel magnetic circuit. The proposed topology, operating principle and key design parameters are described. Then, the electromagnetic performances are analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA) including magnetic field distribution, back electromotive force, torque characteristics and irreversible demagnetization assessment for magnets. The FEA-predicted results show that the proposed HMS-FMM is an appealing choice for electric vehicle application, which has the merit of high torque production with low torque ripple and safe operation without demagnetization risk in wide operation range.

针对传统采用线性反馈的自抗扰控制器在误差收敛速度方面的不足,结合自抗扰控制思想,采用扩张状态观测器和非线性误差状态反馈的复合型控制策略,利用扩张状态观测器(ESO)观测系统扰动并进行前馈补偿,再通过引入非线性误差状态反馈(NLESF)生成控制量,使系统能够兼顾跟踪性能和抗扰性能,提高误差收敛速度.给出线性反馈和非线性反馈的跟踪性能和抗扰性能的对比理论分析,通过仿真对比PI,P+ESO,NLESF+ESO三种控制方式,验证了NLESF+ESO的复合型结构具有更快的误差收敛速度和更强的抗扰性能.